178 research outputs found
Nonparametric integral statistics Οkn = nk2 β«βββ [Sn(x) β F(x)]k dF(x): Main properties and applications
AbstractThe main characteristics of nonparametric statistics, Οkn, which can be represented as integrals of the kth degree of the empirical process, are considered. An algebraic form of these statistics, convenient for practical usage, is derived. Tables of percentage points for k = 1,2, β¦, 5 and small empirical sample sizes n = 1,2, β¦, 10 are obtained. Goodness-of-fit criteria based on Οkn statistics are constructed, and their main properties are studied. A method for classifying multidimensional data based on these criteria, which was successfully applied in several experiments, is described
Multivariate data analysis based on the Οkn-criteria and multilayer perceptron
AbstractA comparative study of multidimensional classifiers based on the goodness-of-fit criteria Οkn and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) has been carried out. It is shown that MLP exhibits the βinstantaneousβ learning effect and improves the quality of recognition in the case of input data represented in the form of variational series. The reasons are analyzed that underlie these effects. Recommendations for joint usage of the Οkn criteria and of MLPs are given
Π£ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° SPR Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-2-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
The highly sensitive method of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of low concentrations of target proteins based on the biosensor signal enhancement by using gold nanoparticles (similar to βsandwichβ assay type) is described. The commercial protein preparations of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) as a model biomarker and polyclonal (Pab) and monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to B2M were used. It has been shown that this universal and reproducible method can be applied for SPR analysis of other protein biomarkers by analogy with the biomarker protein B2M. The present work is also focused on the experimental protocol description. The protocols of gold nanoparticles (GNP) synthesis, obtaining the conjugates of Pab/GNP and measuring their concentration, the protocol of Mab covalent immobilization on the optical chip CM5 of a biosensor and also SPR registration of molecular interactions Mab-biomarker and in the βsandwichβ assay type Mab-biomarker-Pab or Mab-biomarker-Pab/GNP are considered in detail.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ° (SPR) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ βΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π²ΠΈΡβ). Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-2-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° (B2M), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Pab) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» (Mab) ΠΊ B2M. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (GNP), ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Pab/GNP), ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Mab Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π‘Π5 Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Mab-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° βΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π²ΠΈΡβ Mab-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ-Pab ΠΈ Mab-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ-Pab/GNP
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ FITC Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ SDS Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ SPR Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ
The technology of dye-labeled proteins has many fields of application, especially in interactomics. The aim of this work was to adapt protocol of conjugation of low molecular weight (12 β 15 kDΠ°) heme-containing proteins with fluorescein isothiocyanate, isomer I, (FITC) for subsequent protein-protein interaction studies. We have monitored the quality of FITC-labeling of the target protein and comparative assessment of its binding capacity. Using the cytochrome C (Mw 12 kDΠ°) as an example, it has been shown that using the three step method approach including conventional spectrophotometry, capillary gel electrophoresis and SPR analysis it is possible to assess: (i) the capability of the FITC-labeled target protein to interact with its protein partner and protein material from tissue lysates, (ii) the fact of dye conjugation with the protein, and (iii) the quality of purification for final protein preparation from unreacted free dye moleculesΠ’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ (ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ I, (FITC)) Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ (12 β15 ΠΊΠΠ°) ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ FITC, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ (12 ΠΊΠΠ°) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ SPR-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ: Π°) ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠ²; Π±) ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ; Π²) ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
Scalar Potential Without Cubic Term in 3-3-1 Models Without Exotic Electric Charges
A detailed study of the criteria for stability of the scalar potential, and
the proper electroweak symmetry breaking pattern in some 3-3-1 models without
exotic electric charges is presented. In this paper we concentrate in a scalar
sector with three Higgs scalar triplets, with a potential that does not include
the cubic term, due to the presence of a discrete symmetry. For the analysis we
use, and improve, a method previously developed to study the scalar potential
in the two-Higgs-doublet extension of the standard model. Our main result is to
show the consistency of those 3-3-1 models without exotic electric charges.Comment: 19 page
The longitudinal cross section of vector meson electroproduction
We analyze electroproduction of light vector mesons (V=rho, phi and omega) at
small Bjorken-x in the handbag approach in which the process factorizes into
general parton distributions and partonic subprocesses. The latter are
calculated in the modified perturbative approach where the transverse momenta
of the quark and antiquark forming the vector meson are retained and Sudakov
suppressions are taken into account. Modeling the generalized parton
distributions through double distributions and using simple Gaussian
wavefunctions for the vector mesons, we compute the longitudinal cross sections
at large photon virtualities. The results are in fair agreement with the
findings of recent experiments performed at HERA and HERMES.Comment: 27 pages, 20 figures, using LATEX with graphic
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ 18-ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
The aim of this work was to test modifications of the standard protocol for the sample preparation of cell/tissue lysate before performing the affinity isolation of lysate protein partners for the target protein (bait protein) which is covalently immobilized on an inert sorbent (e.g. BrCN-, SH-Sepharose 4B) or a carrier (e.g. paramagnetic nanoparticles). The series of our previous works on applying the approach to direct molecular fishing procedure with combination of affinity chromatography and LC-MS/MS analysis using a number of proteins, encoded by the genes of human chromosome 18, have shown that there are at least two problems affecting the specificity and the effectiveness of this procedure. These include: (i) redundancy of the background proteins in the eluates from an affinity sorbent (carrier) due to isolation of multiprotein complexes βlabeledβ with a direct protein partner which binds with a bait protein immobilized on the sorbent; (ii) low enrichment of the eluates with appropriate protein partners due to the fact that some direct protein partners in the lysate exist in stable βwild typeβ complexes with the bait protein itself. This means that latter group of protein partners will not be sufficiently isolated from lysate. Therefore, in order to increase the specificity and efficiency of affinity isolation of protein partners for the bait protein, we modified the standard protocol of lysate preparation and the preliminary step on dissociation of lysate protein complexes was added. Several model experiments for the choice of regeneration solution, assessment of their efficiency in the dissociation of lysate protein complexes as well as the stability and binding capacity of proteins were performed under the control of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor Biacore 3000 using HepG2 cell lysate. It was shown that acid treatment and incubation of the cell lysate for one min on ice (final lysate dilution 20 times) and subsequent neutralization (pH shift from 2.0 to 7.4) resulted in maximal dissociation of the lysate protein complexes without significant negative effects on the protein-protein interactions tested.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ/ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°-Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ), ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. Π¦ΠΈΠΊΠ» Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ c ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18-ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ: (i) ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅; (ii) Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Β«Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Β» Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΌ-Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ° Biacore 3000 (Β«GE HealthcareΒ», Π‘Π¨Π) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (HepG2) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ 18-ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² 20 ΡΠ°Π· Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Ρ ΡΠ 2.0 Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ 7.4) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ- Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Valence-quark distributions in the pion
We calculate the pion's valence-quark momentum-fraction probability
distribution using a Dyson-Schwinger equation model. Valence-quarks with an
active mass of 0.30 GeV carry 71% of the pion's momentum at a resolving scale
q_0=0.54 GeV = 1/(0.37 fm). The shape of the calculated distribution is
characteristic of a strongly bound system and, evolved from q_0 to q=2 GeV, it
yields first, second and third moments in agreement with lattice and
phenomenological estimates, and valence-quarks carrying 49% of the pion's
momentum. However, pointwise there is a discrepancy between our calculated
distribution and that hitherto inferred from parametrisations of extant
pion-nucleon Drell-Yan data.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, REVTEX, aps.sty, epsfig.sty, minor corrections,
version to appear in PR
Sum rules and dualities for generalized parton distributions: is there a holographic principle?
To leading order approximation, the physical content of generalized parton
distributions (GPDs) that is accessible in deep virtual electroproduction of
photons or mesons is contained in their value on the cross-over trajectory.
This trajectory separates the t-channel and s-channel dominated GPD regions.
The underlying Lorentz covariance implies correspondence between these two
regions through their relation to GPDs on the cross-over trajectory. This point
of view leads to a family of GPD sum rules which are a quark analogue of finite
energy sum rules and it guides us to a new phenomenological GPD concept. As an
example, we discuss the constraints from the JLab/Hall A data on the dominant
u-quark GPD H. The question arises whether GPDs are governed by some kind of
holographic principle.Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures, Sect. 2 reorganized for clarity. Typos in Eq.
(20) corrected. 4 new refs. Matches published versio
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