Meta-analysis of type 2 Diabetes in African Americans Consortium

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15 × 10(-94)<P<5 × 10(-8), odds ratio (OR)  = 1.09 to 1.36). Fine-mapping revealed that 88 of 158 previously identified T2D or glucose homeostasis loci demonstrated nominal to highly significant association (2.2 × 10(-23) < locus-wide P<0.05). These novel and previously identified loci yielded a sibling relative risk of 1.19, explaining 17.5% of the phenotypic variance of T2D on the liability scale in African Americans. Overall, this study identified two novel susceptibility loci for T2D in African Americans. A substantial number of previously reported loci are transferable to African Americans after accounting for linkage disequilibrium, enabling fine mapping of causal variants in trans-ethnic meta-analysis studies.Peer reviewe

Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in goats in Nagpur district of Vidarbha region

A total of 294 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy goats of different age and sex from 13 tehsils of Nagpur district. All the samples were screened for Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia antibodies by slide agglutination test using colored CCPP antigen. Out of 294 serum samples screened 99 were found to be positive indicating overall seroprevalence of 33.67 per cent. The higher prevalence was observed in Saoner tehsil (44.44%) followed by Bhivapur (41.46%), Kalmeshwar (40.00 %) and Kamptee (38.46%). The higher incidence in these tehsils could be attributed to the presence of endemic foci in this area. Slide agglutination test for CCPP detection using colored antigen was found to be quick, simple, low cost with ease of application in the field without the need of any specialized training and equipments. [Veterinary World 2008; 1(9.000): 270-271