πΞ\pi\Xi phase shifts and CP Violation in Ω→πΞ{\Omega\to\pi\Xi} Decay

In the study of CP violation signals in {\O}\to\pi\Xi nonleptonic decays, the strong $J$=3/2 $P$ and $D$ phase shifts for the $\pi\Xi$ final-state interactions are needed. These phases are calculated using an effective Lagrangian model, including $\Xi$, $\Xi^*$(1530), $\rho$ and the $\sigma$-term, in the intermediate states. The $\sigma$-term is calculated in terms of the scalar form factor of the baryon.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Model Analysis of Time Reversal Symmetry Test in the Caltech Fe-57 Gamma-Transition Experiment

The CALTECH gamma-transition experiment testing time reversal symmetry via the E2/M1 mulipole mixing ratio of the 122 keV gamma-line in Fe-57 has already been performed in 1977. Extending an earlier analysis in terms of an effective one-body potential, this experiment is now analyzed in terms of effective one boson exchange T-odd P-even nucleon nucleon potentials. Within the model space considered for the Fe-57 nucleus no contribution from isovector rho-type exchange is possible. The bound on the coupling strength phi_A from effective short range axial-vector type exchange induced by the experimental bound on sin(eta) leads to phi_A < 10^{-2}.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex 3.

Probing exotic phenomena at the interface of nuclear and particle physics with the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms: A unique window to hadronic and semi-leptonic CP violation

The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -- particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested.Comment: 46 pages, 19 tables and 16 figures. A review article accepted for EPJ

Comparison of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} deposition techniques for use in particle removal experiments

As device critical dimensions decrease in size it becomes increasingly important to remove particles from the wafer surface so they do not impact device yield. A typical method to evaluate various cleaning techniques is to deposit silicon nitride (Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) particles on the wafer surface and then process the wafers through the desired cleaning processes. The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors specifies the standard challenge for percent particle removal from silicon wafers to be based on > 1,000 nitride particles added to the wafers. However, it does not specify the deposition technique to be used for the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} particles. Two common methods used to deposit Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} on silicon test wafers are the aerosol deposition technique or the wet dip deposition technique. A comparison between these two Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} deposition methods to determine if these methods create an equivalent particle removal challenge has not been reported in the literature to date. In this paper the authors compare these two deposition techniques. They found advantages and disadvantages for both deposition methods. The preferred method for particle deposition is dependent on the specific application

Sincronização da ovulação em fêmeas suínas submetidas ao desmame precoce Synchronization of ovulation in sows in early weaning system

Verificou-se a eficiência de protocolos para sincronizar a ovulação em porcas desmamadas precocemente. Trinta porcas com média de 4,4± 2,0 partos e estádio de lactação de 14,8± 0,7 dias foram distribuídas em três grupos de 10 animais: 1- nenhum tratamento hormonal; 2- 1000 UI de PMSG, via intramuscular (IM), 48h pós-desmame e 0,25mg de GnRH, IM, 72h após a aplicação do PMSG; 3- 1000 UI de PMSG, IM, 48h pós-desmame e 500 UI de hCG, IM, 72h após o PMSG. O momento da ovulação foi detectado por ultra-sonografia transretal. A taxa de sincronização (ovulação até 48h após aplicação de hCG ou GnRH) dos grupos 2 e 3 (94,7%) foi maior (P<0,01) que no grupo controle (40%). Com o uso dos protocolos de sincronização de ovulação, as fêmeas tratadas apresentaram, em relação ao grupo controle, tendência de maior taxa de prenhez (95% vs. 70%; P<0,10) e similares intervalo do desmame ao estro (96,5± 3,0 vs. 130,2± 31,4h) e número de leitões nascidos vivos por fêmea gestante no primeiro cio pós-desmame (10,9± 0,8 vs. 12,0± 0,9). Dessa maneira, os protocolos de sincronização usados neste estudo foram eficientes em sincronizar a ovulação, e podem viabilizar o uso da inseminação artificial em horários predeterminados.<br>The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of two protocols in synchronize the ovulation of sows in early weaning system. Thirty multiparous crossbred (Large-White x Landrace) sows with a mean± SD of 4.4± 2.0 parturitions and 14.8± 0.7 days in lactation were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: group 1- control; group 2- received 1000 IU of PMSG (FOLLIGON® , INTERVET) IM, 48 hours after weaning + 0.25mg of GnRH (FERTAGIL® , INTERVET) IM, 72h after PMSG; group 3- received 1000 IU of PMSG 48 hours after weaning + 500 IU of hCG (PROFASI® , SERONO) IM, 72h after PMSG. Time of ovulation was monitored by transrectal ultrasound. Synchronization of ovulation rates (ovulated within 48 hours after the treatment with hCG or GnRH) in groups 2 and 3 were higher (94.7%; P< 0.01) than in group 1 (40%). Sows from groups 2 and 3 showed a tendency of higher pregnancy rate than those from group 1 (95% vs. 70%; P<0.10), but similar weaning-to-estrus interval (96.5± 3.0h vs. 130.2± 31.4h) and similar litter size (10.9± 0.8 vs. 12.0± 0.9), respectively. The data show that the protocols used in the current study were efficient in synchronize time of ovulation and render possible the use of AI at a predetermined moment