Urinotórax como causa rara de derrame pleural – Revisitação a propósito de caso clínico

ResumoContextoApesar da multitude de etiologias de derrame pleural, algumas causas decorrentes de mecanismos patofisiológicos incomuns podem ser suspeitadas com base em determinados contextos clínicos sugestivos ou intervenções com potencial iatrogénico. O urinotórax é um tipo raro de derrame pleural com menos de 70 casos mundialmente reportados.Caso clínicoUm doente que fora internado na Urologia por uropatia obstrutiva litiásica com hidronefrose, é diagnosticado com derrame pleural esquerdo persistente. Havia sido sujeito à colocação ipsilateral de nefrostomia percutânea. Após a primeira toracocentese diagnóstica a causa do derrame não era aparente. Uma segunda abordagem confirmou a presença de líquido citrino com critérios borderline para exsudato, odor amoniacal típico e um ratio evocativo entre creatinina pleural e sérica. A tomografia computorizada (TC) realizada diagnosticou presença de urinoma retroperitoneal, tendo o doente sido submetido a nefrectomia esquerda com resolução do derrame pleural.ConclusõesO urinotórax encontra-se mais frequentemente em doentes com uropatia excretora ou trauma abdominal contuso, apesar de outros possíveis mecanismos já reportados. Tradicionalmente, um ratio de creatinina pleural/sérica superior a um é um traço distintivo desta condição. Em determinados contextos, a consideração desta possibilidade diagnóstica pode ser determinante para um melhor prognóstico final.AbstractBackgroundDespite the fact that there are a great number of established etiologies for pleural effusion, there are grounds for believing that there are also causes from unusual pathophysiological mechanisms, seen in certain clinical contexts and from potential iatrogenic interventions. Urinothorax is such a rare type of pleural effusion as there are fewer than 70 cases reported worldwide.Clinical caseA patient with a persistent left pleural effusion was admitted to the Urology ward for a lithiasic obstructive uropathy with hydronephrosis. A left percutaneous nephrostomy was performed. The effusion was unclassified at the initial workup and recurred after first drainage. A second approach confirmed a citrine fluid with borderline criteria for exudate, ammoniacal odour and an elusive pleural fluid-to-serum creatinine ratio. A retroperitoneal urinoma was recognized on CT, and the patient underwent a left nephrectomy with resolution of the pleural effusion.ConclusionsUrinothorax most frequently develops in patients with excretory uropathy or blunt abdominal trauma, although other mechanisms have been reported. Traditionally, a pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio higher than one is a hallmark of this condition. In certain settings, taking this diagnosis into account at an early stage might be crucial for a good outcome

Effect of Rootstock Cultivar, Pruning Method and Crop Load on Botrytis cinerea Rot of Vitis vinifera cv. Chenin blanc grapes

The effect of five rootstock cultivars and two pruning methods with two crop loads each on Botrytis cinerea Pers. rot of Vi tis vinifera L. cv. Chenin blanc was investigated. The effect of these factors on bunch compactness, berry skin strength, pedicel strength, total soluble solids and nitrogen content of berries was also investigated to determine the correlation between these parameters and botrytis rot. The most rot occurred with Chenin blanc on Ramsey, 110 Richter and 101-14 Mgt when spur pruned, while the least rot occurred with Chenin blanc on 99 Richter when cane pruned. Rootstock cultivar had a significant effect on bunch compactness, berry skin strength, pedicel strength, cane mass and crop mass while rootstock cultivar and pruning method had a significant effect on total nitrogen and total soluble solids of berries. Except for bunch compactness none of the other parameters appear to have any direct effect on botrytis rot

Discovery of the mud shrimp genus Anacalliax de Saint Laurent, 1973 (Decapoda: Callianassidae) in the Brazilian coast

Previously known only from Argentina and Uruguay, Anacalliax argentinensis is herein reported for the first time from Rio de Janeiro, representing the first occurrence of genus Anacalliax in the Brazilian coast and the northernmost record of the species in the Atlantic Ocean. Morphological variations on the third maxilliped and first pereopods are discussed based in our material

A New Cosmological Model of Quintessence and Dark Matter

We propose a new class of quintessence models in which late times oscillations of a scalar field give rise to an effective equation of state which can be negative and hence drive the observed acceleration of the universe. Our ansatz provides a unified picture of quintessence and a new form of dark matter we call "Frustrated Cold Dark Matter" (FCDM). FCDM inhibits gravitational clustering on small scales and could provide a natural resolution to the core density problem for disc galaxy halos. Since the quintessence field rolls towards a small value, constraints on slow-roll quintessence models are safely circumvented in our model.Comment: Revised. Important new results added in response to referees comment

Cosmological Tracking Solutions

A substantial fraction of the energy density of the universe may consist of quintessence in the form of a slowly-rolling scalar field. Since the energy density of the scalar field generally decreases more slowly than the matter energy density, it appears that the ratio of the two densities must be set to a special, infinitesimal value in the early universe in order to have the two densities nearly coincide today. Recently, we introduced the notion of tracker fields to avoid this initial conditions problem. In the paper, we address the following questions: What is the general condition to have tracker fields? What is the relation between the matter energy density and the equation-of-state of the universe imposed by tracker solutions? And, can tracker solutions explain why quintessence is becoming important today rather than during the early universe

Avaliação Dos Critérios De Elegibilidade Do Programa Territórios Da Cidadania

The Territories of Citizenship Program (PTC) is one of the most important territorial development policies in force in Brazil, especially regarding its scope and importance. The program features different scope, with territorial approach, social and inter-ministerial management. Despite the fact that the PTC is based in an evolutionary process of public policies, such as the National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture (Pronaf) and Sustainable Development Program of Rural Areas (Pronat), it still presents certain bottlenecks, as the definition criteria for the choice of the territories. In this sense, the paper presents a statistical methodology with the objective of assessing the eligibility criteria and the importance level of these criteria for a municipality to be served by the program, from proxy indicators to the criteria set by decree. As a result, criteria such as population density, existence of quilombos and indigenous population did not show the expected role. But the Human Development Index is presented as the main eligibility criteria, showing that the index remains relevant for the monitoring and evaluation cycle of Brazilian public policy. Family farming, one of the main pillars of PTC and its predecessor programs, was also important, maintaining the consistency of the scope and objectives of the program.54459961

Use of laser speckle and entropy computation to segment images of diffuse objects with longitudinal motion

International audienc

Accelerated expansion of the universe driven by tachyonic matter

It is an accepted practice in cosmology to invoke a scalar field with potential $V(\phi)$ when observed evolution of the universe cannot be reconciled with theoretical prejudices. Since one function-degree-of-freedom in the expansion factor $a(t)$ can be traded off for the function $V(\phi)$, it is {\it always} possible to find a scalar field potential which will reproduce a given evolution. I provide a recipe for determining $V(\phi)$ from $a(t)$ in two cases:(i) Normal scalar field with Lagrangian ${\cal L} = (1/2)\partial_a\phi \partial^a\phi - V(\phi)$ used in quintessence/dark energy models. (ii) A tachyonic field with Lagrangian ${\cal L} = -V(\phi) [ 1- \partial_a\phi \partial^a\phi]^{1/2}$, motivated by recent string theoretic results. In the latter case, it is possible to have accelerated expansion of the universe during the late phase in certain cases. This suggests a string theory based interpretation of the current phase of the universe with tachyonic condensate acting as effective cosmological constant.Comment: 4 pages; uses revtex

Generalized Assisted Inflation

We obtain a new class of exact cosmological solutions for multi-scalar fields with exponential potentials. We generalize the assisted inflation solutions previously obtained, and demonstrate how they are modified when there exist cross-couplings between the fields, such as occur in supergravity inspired cosmological models.Comment: 5 page

Crystal Structure And Low Temperature Physical Properties Of Ho2 Co Ga8 Intermetallic Antiferromagnet

We have synthesized single crystalline samples of Ho2 Co Ga8 intermetallic compound using a Ga-flux method. This compound crystallizes with a tetragonal structure, space group P4mmm, and lattice parameters a=4.219 (5) Å and c=10.99 (2) Å. This structure is a bilayer version of the HoCo Ga5 (1-1-5) which hosts a series of heavy-fermion superconductors and complex antiferromagnetic intermetallic systems. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity revealed that Ho2 Co Ga8 is a metallic Curie-Weiss paramagnet at high temperature and presents an antiferromagnetic ordering below TN ∼5 K. The low temperature magnetic properties of this compound show the effects of tetragonal crystalline electrical field and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosid interactions and the results presented here are compared with a broader description of the evolution of the low- T magnetic properties of structurally related series of rare-earth based tetragonal 2-1-8 and 1-1-5 compounds. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.1037Continentino, M.A., V. Löhneysen, H., Rosch, A., Vojta, M., Wölfle, P., (2005) Braz. J. Phys., 35, p. 197. , 0103-9733 10.1590/S0103-97332005000100018, ();, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1015 (2007)Thompson, J.D., Movshovich, R., Fisk, Z., Bouquet, F., Curro, N.J., Fisher, R.A., Hammel, P.C., Sarrao, J.L., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226-230, p. 5. , and references thereinPagliuso, P.G., Movshovich, R., Bianchi, A.D., Nicklas, M., Moreno, N.O., Thompson, J.D., Hundley, M.F., Fisk, Z., (2002) Physica B, 312-313, p. 129Moreno, N.O., Hundley, M.F., Pagliuso, P.G., Movshovich, R., Nicklas, M., Thompson, J.D., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., (2002) Physica B, 312-313, p. 274Bianchi, A., Movshovich, R., Vekhter, I., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, p. 257001Sarrao, J.L., Morales, L.A., Thompson, J.D., Scott, B.L., Stewart, G.R., Wastin, F., Rebizant, J., Lander, G.H., (2002) Nature (London), 420, p. 297Bauer, E.D., Thompson, J.D., Sarrao, J.L., Morales, L.A., Wastin, F., Rebizant, J., Griveau, J.C., Stewart, G.R., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 147005Pagliuso, P.G., Garcia, D.J., Miranda, E., Granado, E., Lora-Serrano, R., Giles, C., Duque, J.G.S., Rettori, C., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08P703. , and references thereinGranado, E., Uchoa, B., Malachias, A., Lora-Serrano, R., Pagliuso, P.G., Westfahl Jr., H., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 214428Lora-Serrano, R., Giles, C., Granado, E., Garcia, D.J., Miranda, E., Agüero, O., Mendoņa Ferreira, L., Pagliuso, P.G., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 214404Hieu, N.V., Shishido, H., Nakashima, H., Sugiyama, K., Settai, R., Takeuchi, T., Matsuda, T.D., Nuki, Y., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 310, p. 1721Hudis, J., Hu, R., Broholm, C.L., Mitrovic, V.F., Petrovic, C., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 307, p. 301Yokaichiya, F., Giles, C., (2004) Physica B, 345, p. 82Yu, G., Yarmolyuk, Ya.P., Gladyshevskii, E.I., (1979) Kristallografiya, 24, p. 242Bao, W., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., Thompson, J.D., Fisk, Z., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 020401. , (R)Adriano, C., Lora-Serrano, R., Giles, C., De Bergevin, F., Lang, J.C., Srajer, G., Mazzoli, C., Pagliuso, P.G., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 76, p. 104515Amara, M., Gaĺra, R.M., Morin, P., Voiron, J., Burlet, P., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 140-144, p. 1157Kletowski, Z., Slawinski, P., (1990) Solid State Commun., 76, p. 867Czopnik, A., (1995) Phys. Status Solidi A, 147, p. 3