1,962 research outputs found
v4: A small, but sensitive observable for heavy ion collisions
Higher order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthally dependent single
particle spectra resulting from noncentral heavy ion collisions are
investigated. For intermediate to large transverse momenta, these anisotropies
are expected to become as large as 5 %, and should be clearly measurable. The
physics content of these observables is discussed from two different extreme
but complementary viewpoints, hydrodynamics and the geometric limit with
extreme energy loss.Comment: as published: typos corrected, Fig. 3 slightly improved in numerics
and presentatio
Stomach One-Point Cancer: One Case Report and Literature Review
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of themost frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Early detection andaccurate preoperative staging of gastric cancer is essential for planning optimal therapy such as endoscopic mucosal resection or gastric resection and offers the best prognosis. With advanced technology in diagnostic instruments and the mass screening, early gastric cancer has been detected easier. One-point cancer of gastric is a special type of early gastric cancer[1]. Diagnosis of one-point cancer of gastric is important for both the immediate treatment and the prognosis. There is still no consensus on the operation extent and postoperative treatment for patients with one-point cancer of gastric. Learned from previous reports[2-5], we know that existed in the superfi cial layer of the gastric mucosa and the superfi cial ulcer is one of the important characteristics of one point cancer of gastric. Herein, we report a case of one point cancer of gastric with the appearance of a deep infi ltrating ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, no such type of one point cancer of gastric has been reported
Can black holes be torn up by phantom dark energy in cyclic cosmology?
Infinitely cyclic cosmology is often frustrated by the black hole problem. It
has been speculated that this obstacle in cyclic cosmology can be removed by
taking into account a peculiar cyclic model derived from loop quantum cosmology
or the braneworld scenario, in which phantom dark energy plays a crucial role.
In this peculiar cyclic model, the mechanism of solving the black hole problem
is through tearing up black holes by phantom. However, using the theory of
fluid accretion onto black holes, we show in this paper that there exists
another possibility: that black holes cannot be torn up by phantom in this
cyclic model. We discussed this possibility and showed that the masses of black
holes might first decrease and then increase, through phantom accretion onto
black holes in the expanding stage of the cyclic universe.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; discussions adde
Tri-Bimaximal Mixing from Twisted Friedberg-Lee Symmetry
We investigate the Friedberg-Lee (FL) symmetry and its promotion to include
the symmetry, and call that the twisted FL symmetry.Based on the
twisted FL symmetry, two possible schemes are presented toward the realistic
neutrino mass spectrum and the tri-bimaximal mixing.In the first scheme, we
suggest the semi-uniform translation of the FL symmetry.The second one is based
on the permutation family symmetry.The breaking terms, which are twisted
FL symmetric, are introduced.Some viable models in each scheme are also
presented.Comment: 14 pages, no figure. v2: 16 pages, modified some sentences, appendix
added, references added. v3: 14 pages, composition simplified, accepted
version in EPJ
Validity of the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics of the Universe Bounded by the Event Horizon in Holographic Dark Energy Model
In this letter, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of
thermodynamics of the universe bounded by the event horizon in the holographic
dark energy model. The universe is chosen to be homogeneous and isotropic and
the validity of the first law has been assumed here. The matter in the universe
is taken in the form of non-interacting two fluid system- one component is the
holographic dark energy model and the other component is in the form of dust.Comment: 8 page
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InPBi Single Crystals Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
InPBi was predicted to be the most robust infrared optoelectronic material but also the most difficult to synthesize within In-VBi (V = P, As and Sb) 25 years ago. We report the first successful growth of InPBi single crystals with Bi concentration far beyond the doping level by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The InPBi thin films reveal excellent surface, structural and optical qualities making it a promising new III–V compound family member for heterostructures. The Bi concentration is found to be 2.4 ± 0.4% with 94 ± 5% Bi atoms at substitutional sites. Optical absorption indicates a band gap of 1.23 eV at room temperature while photoluminescence shows unexpectedly strong and broad light emission at 1.4–2.7 μm which can't be explained by the existing theory
Centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse energy, and elliptic flow from hydrodynamics
The centrality dependence of the charged multiplicity, transverse energy, and
elliptic flow coefficient is studied in a hydrodynamic model, using a variety
of different initializations which model the initial energy or entropy
production process as a hard or soft process, respectively. While the charged
multiplicity depends strongly on the chosen initialization, the p_t-integrated
elliptic flow for charged particles as a function of charged particle
multiplicity and the p_t-differential elliptic flow for charged particles in
minimum bias events turn out to be almost independent of the initial energy
density profile.Comment: 11 pages RevTex, including 10 postscript figures. Slightly modified
discussion of Figs. 5 and 6, updated references. This version to appear in
Nuclear Physics
A fundamental limit for integrated atom optics with Bose-Einstein condensates
The dynamical response of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate manipulated by
an integrated atom optics device such as a microtrap or a microfabricated
waveguide is studied. We show that when the miniaturization of the device
enforces a sufficiently high condensate density, three-body interactions lead
to a spatial modulational instability that results in a fundamental limit on
the coherent manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Elliptic flow at SPS and RHIC: from kinetic transport to hydrodynamics
Anisotropic transverse flow is studied in Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions at SPS
and RHIC energies. The centrality and transverse momentum dependence at
midrapidity of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 is calculated in the
hydrodynamic and low density limits. Hydrodynamics is found to agree well with
the RHIC data for semicentral collisions up to transverse momenta of 1-1.5
GeV/c, but it considerably overestimates the measured elliptic flow at SPS
energies. The low density limit LDL is inconsistent with the measured magnitude
of v_2 at RHIC energies and with the shape of its p_t-dependence at both RHIC
and SPS energies. The success of the hydrodynamic model points to very rapid
thermalization in Au+Au collisions at RHIC and provides a serious challenge for
kinetic approaches based on classical scattering of on-shell particles.Comment: 7 pages incl. 5 figures; submitted to Physics Letters B; Ref. 4 and a
few typos corrected; no changes in content
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