931 research outputs found
Self-reported price of cigarettes, consumption and compensatory behaviours in a cohort of Mexican smokers before and after a cigarette tax increase
This paper presents a novel SAT-based approach for the computation
of extensions in abstract argumentation, with focus on preferred semantics, and
an empirical evaluation of its performances. The approach is based on the idea
of reducing the problem of computing complete extensions to a SAT problem
and then using a depth-first search method to derive preferred extensions. The
proposed approach has been tested using two distinct SAT solvers and compared
with three state-of-the-art systems for preferred extension computation. It turns
out that the proposed approach delivers significantly better performances in the
large majority of the considered cases
GW quasi-particle spectra from occupied states only
We introduce a method that allows for the calculation of quasi-particle
spectra in the GW approximation, yet avoiding any explicit reference to empty
one-electron states. This is achieved by expressing the irreducible
polarizability operator and the self-energy operator through a set of linear
response equations, which are solved using a Lanczos-chain algorithm. We first
validate our approach by calculating the vertical ionization energies of the
benzene molecule and then show its potential by addressing the spectrum of a
large molecule such as free-base tetraphenylporphyrin.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Comparison Criteria for Argumentation Semantics
Argumentation reasoning is a way for agents to evaluate a situation. Given a framework made of conflicting arguments, a semantics allows to evaluate the acceptability of the arguments. It may happen that the semantics associated to the framework has to be changed. In order to perform the most suitable change, the current and a potential new semantics have to be compared. Notions of difference measures between semantics have already been proposed, and application cases where they have to be minimized when a change of semantics has to be performed, have been highlighted. This paper develops these notions, it proposes an additional kind of difference measure, and shows application cases where measures may have to be maximized, and combined
Phonon softening and superconductivity in tellurium under pressure
The phonon dispersion and the electron-phonon interaction for the -Po
and the bcc high pressure phases of tellurium are computed with
density-functional perturbation theory. Our calculations reproduce and explain
the experimentally observed pressure dependence of the superconducting critical
temperature (T) and confirm the connection between the jump in
T and the structural phase transition. The phonon contribution to the
free energy is shown to be responsible for the difference in the structural
transition pressure observed in low and room temperature experiments.Comment: Revtex, 4 Postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Temperature dependent surface relaxations of Ag(111)
The temperature dependent surface relaxation of Ag(111) is calculated by
density-functional theory. At a given temperature, the equilibrium geometry is
determined by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy within the quasiharmonic
approximation. To this end, phonon dispersions all over the Brillouin zone are
determined from density-functional perturbation theory. We find that the
top-layer relaxation of Ag(111) changes from an inward contraction (-0.8 %) to
an outward expansion (+6.3%) as the temperature increases from T=0 K to 1150 K,
in agreement with experimental findings. Also the calculated surface phonon
dispersion curves at room temperature are in good agreement with helium
scattering measurements. The mechanism driving this surface expansion is
analyzed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (May 1998). Other
related publications can be found at
http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm
Isoscalar g Factors of Even-Even and Odd-Odd Nuclei
We consider T=0 states in even-even and odd-odd N=Z nuclei. The g factors
that emerge are isoscalar. We find that the single j shell model gives simple
expressions for these g factors which for even-even nuclei are suprisingly
close to the collective values for K=0 bands. The g factors of many 2+ in
even-even nuclei and 1+ and 3+ states in odd-odd nuclei have g factors close to
0.5
Synchronization in coupled map lattices as an interface depinning
We study an SOS model whose dynamics is inspired by recent studies of the
synchronization transition in coupled map lattices (CML). The synchronization
of CML is thus related with a depinning of interface from a binding wall.
Critical behaviour of our SOS model depends on a specific form of binding
(i.e., transition rates of the dynamics). For an exponentially decaying binding
the depinning belongs to the directed percolation universality class. Other
types of depinning, including the one with a line of critical points, are
observed for a power-law binding.Comment: 4 pages, Phys.Rev.E (in press
Transition to Stochastic Synchronization in Spatially Extended Systems
Spatially extended dynamical systems, namely coupled map lattices, driven by
additive spatio-temporal noise are shown to exhibit stochastic synchronization.
In analogy with low-dymensional systems, synchronization can be achieved only
if the maximum Lyapunov exponent becomes negative for sufficiently large noise
amplitude. Moreover, noise can suppress also the non-linear mechanism of
information propagation, that may be present in the spatially extended system.
A first example of phase transition is observed when both the linear and the
non-linear mechanisms of information production disappear at the same critical
value of the noise amplitude. The corresponding critical properties can be
hardly identified numerically, but some general argument suggests that they
could be ascribed to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. Conversely,
when the non-linear mechanism prevails on the linear one, another type of phase
transition to stochastic synchronization occurs. This one is shown to belong to
the universality class of directed percolation.Comment: 21 pages, Latex - 14 EPS Figs - To appear on Physical Review
Lattice instabilities of cubic NiTi from first principles
The phonon dispersion relation of NiTi in the simple cubic B2 structure is
computed using first-principles density-functional perturbation theory with
pseudopotentials and a plane-wave basis set. Lattice instabilities are observed
to occur across nearly the entire Brillouin zone, excluding three
interpenetrating tubes of stability along the (001) directions and small
spheres of stability centered at R. The strongest instability is that of the
doubly degenerate M5' mode. The atomic displacements of one of the eigenvectors
of this mode generate a good approximation to the observed B19' ground-state
structure.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Inference from controversial arguments
International audienceWe present new careful semantics within Dung's theory of argumentation. Under such careful semantics, two arguments cannot belong to the same extension whenever one of them indirectly attacks a third argument while the other one indirectly defends the third.We argue that our semantics lead to a better handling of controversial arguments than Dung's ones in some settings. We compare the careful inference relations induced by our semantics w.r.t. cautiousness; we also compare them with the inference relations induced by Dung's semantic
- …