Systematic Topology Analysis and Generation Using Degree Correlations

We present a new, systematic approach for analyzing network topologies. We first introduce the dK-series of probability distributions specifying all degree correlations within d-sized subgraphs of a given graph G. Increasing values of d capture progressively more properties of G at the cost of more complex representation of the probability distribution. Using this series, we can quantitatively measure the distance between two graphs and construct random graphs that accurately reproduce virtually all metrics proposed in the literature. The nature of the dK-series implies that it will also capture any future metrics that may be proposed. Using our approach, we construct graphs for d=0,1,2,3 and demonstrate that these graphs reproduce, with increasing accuracy, important properties of measured and modeled Internet topologies. We find that the d=2 case is sufficient for most practical purposes, while d=3 essentially reconstructs the Internet AS- and router-level topologies exactly. We hope that a systematic method to analyze and synthesize topologies offers a significant improvement to the set of tools available to network topology and protocol researchers.Comment: Final versio

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Di Man

This research aims to recognize the effectiveness of talking stick teaching method on learning result in economics subject study of tenth grade in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 . The method of this research is experiment in a from quasy experiment. The source of data of this research are 76 students which consist of X IIS 1 students and X IIS 2 students of academic year 2015/2016. The result of data analysis shows that learning result of economics subject study in experiment class achieved 80,62 of average score and 76,43 of its controlled class. There is a positive and significant difference between learning result of economics subject study which is taught by using talking stick method and conventional way of teaching in which experiment class score is better than the controlled class one. Furthermore, the effect size score is in high category which is 0,48

Sustaining tuberculosis decline in the UK

The re-emergence of tuberculosis in England began in the late 1980s increasing to a peak in 2011; since then incidence has fallen throughout the UK, in both the UK and non-UK born population, including in children.1 After 4 consecutive years of declining incidence of tuberculosis, sustained progress is finally being made with a 30% decline between 2011 and 2015.1 However, tuberculosis incidence in the UK remains higher than in most other high-income European countries and more than four times higher than in the USA

A C3(H20) recycling pathway is a component of the intracellular complement system

An intracellular complement system (ICS) has recently been described in immune and nonimmune human cells. This system can be activated in a convertase-independent manner from intracellular stores of the complement component C3. The source of these stores has not been rigorously investigated. In the present study, Western blotting identified a band corresponding to C3 in freshly isolated human peripheral blood cells that was absent in corresponding cell lines. One difference between native cells and cell lines was the time absent from a fluid-phase complement source; therefore, we hypothesized that loading C3 from plasma was a route of establishing intracellular C3 stores. We found that many types of human cells specifically internalized C3(H(2)O), the hydrolytic product of C3, and not native C3, from the extracellular milieu. Uptake was rapid, saturable, and sensitive to competition with unlabeled C3(H(2)O), indicating a specific mechanism of loading. Under steady-state conditions, approximately 80% of incorporated C3(H(2)O) was returned to the extracellular space. These studies identify an ICS recycling pathway for C3(H(2)O). The loaded C3(H(2)O) represents a source of C3a, and its uptake altered the cytokine profile of activated CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, these results indicate that the impact of soluble plasma factors should be considered when performing in vitro studies assessing cellular immune function

Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pelajaran Ekonomi di Smak Abdi Wacana

: This research aims to determine the effect of family environment on learning outcomes of students of class XI IPS SMA Kristen Abdi Wacana Pontianak . The method used is descriptive method . These samples included 55 people with the study population . Based on the results obtained by t-test t calculate of 6.188 and t table amounted to -2.006 , this shows that t calculate > t table ( 6.188 > 2.006 ) so Ho refused and Ha is received. While the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable can be seen from the coefficient of determination , that is equal to 0.419, which means the influence of family environment on student learning outcomes by 41.9 % while the remaining 58.1 % is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. So it can be concluded that there is influence between family environment on student learning outcomes on economic subjects in class XI IPS SMA Kristen Abdi Wacana Pontiana

Analisis Partisipasi Anggota Yang Aktif Pada Unit Toko Koperasi Pegawai Negeri Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak

The research started from the researcher interest on the buying and selling activities at KPN Untan less developed shop units and the number of members who actively participate in the meaning of shopping for basic needs is relatively small compared to the number of members registered in KPN Untan. Whereas at the beginning of the establishment of the unit store KPN Untan was a fairly developed shop units. The general problem in this research was "how active members participate in the unit of civil service cooperative shop". This research aimed to provide an overview of the participation of active members shop cooperatives unit. The method used in this research was descriptive method. The results showed that active participation of many members in shopping for secondary needs not on tertiary needs, then the average motivation of KPN Untan members in shopping of the store unit amounted to 41.18% but did not encourage them to continue to participate optimally, giving credit to members in shopping for basic needs expressed by members of 64.71%, shopping procedures set by the board and felt easily stated by members of 58.82%. Overall the percentage was in enough category

Current status and developing recommendations of tailings dam failure

This is the final version of the article. Available from Hindawi Publishing Corporation via the DOI in this record.Tailings dam failure accidents with limited emergency response time and huge potential threats, can often lead to heavy casualties and serious financial losses. In recent years, the decreasing trend of tailings dam failure accidents evidences the development of modern technology and safety management. However, the frequency of major tailings dam failure accidents has increased, rather than decreased. The 2015 Samarco Accident in Brazil and the 2014 Mount Polley Accident in Canada, along with their disastrous consequences, once again sounded the alarm for the tailings ponds safety. China is now facing a complicated safety situation, with 8869 tailings ponds all over the country, including 1425 “Overhead Tailings Ponds” which represents the tailings ponds that located within 1 km upstream of residential area, workshops, schools or other important facilities. Based on a large amount of relevant research literatures, focusing on three main aspects of accident prevention and control which include safety monitoring, early-warning and emergency preparation, safety management codes and standards, the current status and frontier progress were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the relevant problems in China were discussed and several improvement recommendations were put forward, which could provide a reference for the tailings pond accident prevention theoretical research and technological innovation. The result shows: (1) the safety monitoring standards in China are relatively strict. However, the monitoring instruments are lack of the stability, reliability and practicability. Thus the development of specific devices and new technologies is urgently needed. (2) The current early-warning method is lack of diversity and reliability. And further interdisciplinary application of information technology is becoming the developing trend. (3) The emergency management and decision-making should be based on sufficient scientific proof. However the relevant research is limited by test methods and simulating algorithms. (4) China now has built a complete system of safety management codes and standards. But with shortcomings of safety level classification, life-cycle management, change management process, accident investigation and so on, there is still a long way to go

The Role of Solar Wind Hydrogen in Space Weathering: Insights from Laboratory-Irradiated Northwest Africa 12008

Micrometeoroid impacts, solar wind plasma interactions, and regolith gardening drive the complicated and nuanced mechanism of space weathering (or optical maturation); a process by which a materials optical properties are changed as a result of chemical and physical alterations at the surface of grains on airless bodies. Reddened slopes, attenuated absorption bands, and an overall reduction in albedo in the visible and near-IR wavelength ranges are primarily the result of native iron nanoparticle (npFe0) production within glassy rims that form from sputtering and vaporization. The sizes and abundance of these particles provide information about the relative surface exposure age of a particular grain. In addition, many studies have indicated that composition greatly affects the rate at which optical maturation occurs. Despite our understanding of how npFe0 affects optical signatures, the relative roles of micrometeoroid bombardment and solar wind interactions remains undetermined. To simulate the early effects of weathering by the solar wind and to determine thresholds for optical change with respect to a given mineral phase, we irradiated a fine-grained lunar basalt with 1 keV H+ to a fluence of 6.4 x 1016 H+ per sq.cm. Surface alterations within four phases have been evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that for a given fluence of H+, the extent of damage acquired by each grain was dependent on its composition. No npFe(0) was produced in any of the phases evaluated in this study. These results are consistent with many previous studies conducted using ions of similar energy, but they also provide valuable information about the onset of space weathering and the role of the solar wind during the early stages of optical maturation

Structural and colored disruption as camouflage strategies in two sympatric Asian box turtle species (<i>Cuora</i> spp.)

Disruptive coloration is a common camouflage strategy that breaks body outlines and ostensibly blends into complex backgrounds. However, the contrasting false edge caused by the animal's structure can also break the outline, and there is no empirical evidence to support this strategy. Here, we examined the Gabor edge disruption ratio (GabRat) of two species with divergent carapaces, the keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii) and the Indochinese box turtle (C. galbinifrons), on preferred (e.g., deciduous leaves) and non-preferred (i.e., grass) substrates. We quantified edge disruption in different substrates to compare between-species differences in the GabRat of disruptive coloration among the turtles’ preferred and non-preferred (control) substrates. We found that both species exhibited higher GabRat on preferred substrates, but interestingly, the keeled box turtle, with a uniformly colored carapace containing flat scutes and two keels, had a higher GabRat than the Indochinese box turtle, characterized by two yellow stripes on its carapace. Our results indicated that the strong brightness gradients caused by the directional illumination of the flatted and keeled carapace creates disruptive coloration in the keeled box turtle, whereas a high chroma contrast creates disruptive coloration in the Indochinese box turtle. For these turtles, the structural modifications result in variations in brightness that lead to higher levels of disruption than the chromatic disruption of the Indochinese box turtle. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of disruptive camouflage in turtles and the first comprehensive test of structural and colored disruption in vertebrates