IDRCNN: A Novel Deep Learning Network Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Detection on Computed Tomography

Early identification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) improves prognosis. Still, it is difficult since lesions are generally smaller and difficult to define on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images (CE-CT). Ineffective PDAC diagnosis has recently been achieved using deep learning models, but the output localized and identified images are of poor quality. This research focuses on small lesions and presents a new, efficient automatic deep-learning network model for PDAC detection. The Improved Deep Residual Convolutional Neural Network (IDRCNN) detects PDAC. The hyperparameter is optimized using the Tunicate Swarm Optimization Algorithm (TSOA) algorithm. A better diagnosis is made due to segmenting the surrounding anatomy structure effects, such as PD. We train a proposed IDRCNN model for segmenting and detecting lesions automatically using CE-CT images. Two more IDRCNN models are trained with the aim of investigating the effects of anatomy integration: (i) segmentation of tumor and pancreas (IDRCNN_TP), and (ii) segmentation of pancreatic Duct (IDRCNN_PD). The three networks\u27 performance was assessed using an external, publicly available test set. Due to its effective classification results, the proposed method produces improved identification results for automated preliminary diagnosis of PDAC in cervical cancer clinics and hospitals. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a publicly assessable CT image dataset. It outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods and achieved 98.67% accuracy, 97.26% recall, 98.52% precision, 97.65% sensitivity, and 98.45% specificity for pancreatic tumor detection

DATA VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY PROOF IN CLOUD STORAGE

To the rising storage costs of IT Enterprises, the cloud computing has been envisioned as the de-facto solution. For enterprises to frequently update their hardware with the high costs of data storage devices as well as the rapid rate at which data is being generated it proves costly. A part from decrease in storage costs data outsourcing to the cloud also helps in sinking the safeguarding. User does not have any control as they are remotely located and cloud storage moves the user’s data to large data centers. However, this exclusive feature of the cloud poses many new safety challenges which need to be clearly unspoken and resolved. To assure the customer of the integrity i.e. correctness of his data in the cloud is one of the important concerns that need to be addressed is. To check if the reliability of his data is maintained or is compromised as the data is physically not accessible to the user the cloud should provide a way for the user. In this paper, to check the correctness of data in the cloud, a scheme which gives a proof of data integrity in the cloud which the customer can employ is proposed here. Both the cloud and the customer and can be incorporated in the Service level agreement (SLA) and this proof can be agreed. This method ensures that the storage space at the client side is negligible which will be valuable for thin clients

Observation of direct and indirect magnetoelectricity in lead free ferroelectric (Na 0.5Bi 0.5TiO 3)-magnetostrictive (CoFe 2O 4) particulate composite

A particulate composite consisting of 65 mol. % Na 0.5Bi 0.5TiO 3 and 35 mol. % CoFe 2O 4 was synthesized, and it's structure, microstructure, ferroelectric, magnetostrictive, magnetic, and direct/indirect magnetoelectric properties were studied. The composite showed different magnetization behaviour under electrically poled and un-poled conditions. The percentage change in magnetization as a result of poling is approximately -15% at 500 Oe magnetic field. Magnetostriction measurements displayed a value of λ 11 = -57 × 10 -6 and piezomagnetic coefficient δλ 11/δH = 0.022 × 10 -6 kOe -1 at 2.2 kOe for the composite. The maximum magnetoelectric output varied from 1350 mV/cm to 2000 mV/cm with change in the electrical poling condition

Structural, Morphological and 1/f noise Properties of ITO/TiO2 thin Films by e-beam Evaporation System for Optoelectronic Device Applications

In the present research study, ITO/TiO2 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). The amorphous and crystalline natures of ITO/TiO2 structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction study. As the grain size becomes larger, indirectly it will develop the crystalline quality of the TiO2 films studied from AFM. The surface of TiO2 films and the crystalline size of the sample were increased gradually with respect to a temperature that is observed in SEM. The elemental composition determined by the energy dispersive analysis of EDAX showed that TiO2 thin films were highly stoichiometric. Further, the higher optical transmittance (93%) was obtained with 450 °C annealed ITO/TiO2 film. The optical band gap increased along with annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). All the above results of this present work can be utilized for solar cell and optoelectronic device applications. © 2020 Author(s)

Adverse drug reactions in paediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital in India: a prospective observational single centre study

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major source of concern in adult and paediatric population. Monitoring ADRs in children is vital as they differ from adults in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses. Strict ethical guidelines in clinical trials result in extrapolation of data from studies done in adults. Further, ADRs reported in adults do not predict those in children. Incidence of ADRs in children is 2.9% emphasizing the need for systematic monitoring. Studies at institutional level can generate valuable data among paediatric population. Hence, the current study was taken up to assess the clinical pattern of ADRs, their causality, severity and preventability.Methods: This is a prospective observational single centre study. Suspected cases of ADRs were collected and assessed for the clinical pattern, causality, severity and preventability factors along with gender-wise distribution.Results: A total of 118 ADRs were reported in our study. Most of the ADRs (46.67%) occurred below 1 year of age with male preponderance (53.4%). Skin was the most common organ involved (91.5%). Majority (78.8%) of ADRs were due to anti-infectives for systemic use (J). Vaccines were the most commonly implicated agents (55.9%) followed by antibiotics (22.9%). Severe reaction like DRESS syndrome was reported due to antiepileptics (including levetiracetam) requiring hospitalisation. Majority of ADRs were probable (92.4%), moderate (73.7%) and definitely preventable (61%).Conclusions: A wide range of ADRs are possible in paediatric population. Adequate knowledge about ADRs is essential and caution has to be exercised even while prescribing drugs which are considered safe in children

Structural, morphological and 1/f noise properties of ITO/TiO2thin films by e-beam evaporation system for optoelectronic device applications

In the present research study, ITO/TiO2 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by using an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). The amorphous and crystalline natures of ITO/TiO2 structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction study. As the grain size becomes larger, indirectly it will develop the crystalline quality of the TiO2 films studied from AFM. The surface of TiO2 films and the crystalline size of the sample were increased gradually with respect to a temperature that is observed in SEM. The elemental composition determined by the energy dispersive analysis of EDAX showed that TiO2 thin films were highly stoichiometric. Further, the higher optical transmittance (93%) was obtained with 450 °C annealed ITO/TiO2 film. The optical band gap increased along with annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400 and 450 °C). All the above results of this present work can be utilized for solar cell and optoelectronic device applications. © 2020 Author(s)

Awareness regarding eye donation among stakeholders in Srikakulam district in South India

Background There is a huge need for the availability of transplantable donor corneas worldwide to reduce the burden of corneal blindness due to corneal opacity. Voluntary eye donation depends on the awareness levels of various stakeholders in the community. This study aimed to assess the awareness level regarding eye donation among various stakeholders in Srikakulam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods 355 subjects were selected from the district using multi stage random sampling. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding each individual’s awareness, knowledge, and perception regarding eye donation. Each response was scored individually and a total score was calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with willingness towards eye donation and increased awareness levels. Results Of the 355 subjects interviewed, 192 (54%) were male and 163 (46%) were female. The mean age of the stakeholders was 35.9 years (SD ±16.1) and all the study subjects were literate. Ninety-three percent of subjects were aware of the concept of eye donation. Knowledge levels were similar among the teaching community and persons engaged in social service, but lower among students (p < 0.05). Among the stakeholders, there was considerable ambiguity regarding whether persons currently wearing spectacles or suffering from a chronic illnesses could donate their eyes. Older age group (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001) and education (p < 0.001) were associated with increased knowledge levels. 82% of the subjects were willing to donate their eyes and this was unaffected by gender or geographical location (rural vs urban). Conclusions Awareness levels and willingness to donate eyes are high among the stakeholders in Srikakulam district in India. The services of stakeholders could be utilized, in conjunction with other community based eye donation counselors, to promote awareness regarding eye donation among the general population

Cyclodextrin Complexes of Reduced Bromonoscapine in Guar Gum Microspheres Enhance Colonic Drug Delivery

Here, we report improved solubility and enhanced colonic delivery of reduced bromonoscapine (Red-Br-Nos), a cyclic ether brominated analogue of noscapine, upon encapsulation of its cyclodextrin (CD) complexes in bioresponsive guar gum microspheres (GGM). Phase−solubility analysis suggested that Red-Br-Nos complexed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with a stability constant (Kc) of 2.29 × 103 M−1 and 4.27 × 103 M−1. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy indicated entrance of an O−CH2 or OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety of Red-Br-Nos in the β-CD or methyl-β- CD cavity. Furthermore, the cage complex of Red-Br-Nos with β-CD and methyl-β-CD was validated by several spectral techniques. Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy revealed that the Ha proton of the OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety was closer to the H5 proton of β-CD and the H3 proton of the methyl-β-CD cavity. The solubility of Red-Br-Nos in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) was improved by ∼10.7-fold and ∼21.2-fold when mixed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD, respectively. This increase in solubility led to a favorable decline in the IC50 by ∼2-fold and ∼3-fold for Red-Br-Nos−β-CD-GGM and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD-GGM formulations respectively, compared to free Red-Br-Nos−β-CD and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD in human colon HT-29 cells. GGM-bearing drug complex formulations were found to be highly cytotoxic to the HT-29 cell line and further effective with simultaneous continuous release of Red-Br-Nos from microspheres. This is the first study to showing the preparation of drug-complex loaded GGMS for colon delivery of Red-Br-Nos that warrants preclinical assessment for the effective management of colon cancer