1,055 research outputs found
A many-body interatomic potential for ionic systems: application to MgO
An analytic representation of the short-range repulsion energy in ionic
systems is described that allows for the fact that ions may change their size
and shape depending on their environment. This function is extremely efficient
to evaluate relative to previous methods of modeling the same physical effects.
Using a well-defined parametrization procedure we have obtained parameter sets
for this energy function that reproduce closely the density functional theory
potential energy surface of bulk MgO. We show how excellent agreement can be
obtained with experimental measurements of phonon frequencies and temperature
and pressure dependences of the density by using this effective potential in
conjunction with ab initio parametrization.Comment: To appear in Journal of Chemical Physics (Oct 15th 2003
Path contingency:advancing a spatial-institutionalist perspective on decision pathways for disaster risk governance
Path dependence has become a multi-disciplinary concept, employed across various literatures to explain why the past matters for decision-making. Debate within ânew institutionalistâ scholarship has provided a detailed critique of the term over several decades. Some scholars argue that it is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and highlight its limitations in explaining institutional reform. Yet, this paper demonstrates how neglecting antecedent conditions and associated decision pathways is particularly inappropriate for politico-spatial issues like disaster risk and natural resource governance. Doing so risks omitting key material and perceptual contingencies influencing contemporary institutions. Examining southeast Queenslandâs flooding disaster of 2011, the paper proposes that path contingency provides a useful theoretical bridge between institutionalist theories of stability and reform, and the geographic contexts within which disaster risk governance proceeds. The analysis then addresses the potential generalisability of path contingency beyond its application to disaster management, for consideration across a broader range of institutionalist research
Navigating collaborative governance:Network ignorance and the performative planning of South Australia's emergency management
This paper examines the roles for emergency and disaster risk management plans as policy artefacts that guide centralised governance networks. Past scholarship has been sceptical of the instrumental worth of these artefacts for informing and elaborating governance arrangements. Some suspect that such plans are purely symbolic devices, mere âfantasy documentsâ. This paper examines the role of South Australia's state emergency management plan during the Black Summer bushfires of 2019â2020. The study provides confirmation of the symbolic utility of these plans for central government, while also providing evidence for some suggested difficulties with centralised emergency management networks, about which there is still limited empirical demonstration. Drawing on focus group and interview testimony from senior actors at strategic, tactical and operational levels of South Australia's emergency network, however, we also demonstrate instrumental-heuristic worth of these plans for network actors seeking to make sense of a continually changing bureaucratic landscape, and when reflecting on the value of the network in the aftermath of extreme events
Free-energy coarse-grained potential for C60
We propose a new deformable free energy method for generating a free-energy coarse-graining potential for C60. Potentials generated from this approach exhibit a strong temperature dependence and produce excellent agreement with benchmark fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Parameter sets for analytical fits to this potential are provided at four different temperatures
How well do Car-Parrinello simulations reproduce the Born-Oppenheimer surface ? Theory and Examples
We derive an analytic expression for the average difference between the
forces on the ions in a Car-Parrinello simulation and the forces obtained at
the same ionic positions when the electrons are at their ground state. We show
that for common values of the fictitious electron mass, a systematic bias may
affect the Car-Parrinello forces in systems where the electron-ion coupling is
large. We show that in the limit where the electronic orbitals are rigidly
dragged by the ions the difference between the two dynamics amounts to a
rescaling of the ionic masses, thereby leaving the thermodynamics intact. We
study the examples of crystalline magnesium oxide and crystalline and molten
silicon. We find that for crystalline silicon the errors are very small. For
crystalline MgO the errors are very large but the dynamics can be quite well
corrected within the rigid-ion model. We conclude that it is important to
control the effect of the electron mass parameter on the quantities extracted
from Car-Parrinello simulations.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physic
A polarizable interatomic force field for TiO parameterized using density functional theory
We report a classical interatomic force field for TiO, which has been
parameterized using density functional theory forces, energies, and stresses in
the rutile crystal structure. The reliability of this new classical potential
is tested by evaluating the structural properties, equation of state, phonon
properties, thermal expansion, and some thermodynamic quantities such as
entropy, free energy, and specific heat under constant volume. The good
agreement of our results with {\em ab initio} calculations and with
experimental data, indicates that our force-field describes the atomic
interactions of TiO in the rutile structure very well. The force field can
also describe the structures of the brookite and anatase crystals with good
accuracy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; Changes from v1 include
multiple minor revisions and a re-write of the description of the force field
in Section II
On the Growth of Al_2 O_3 Scales
Understanding the growth of Al2O3 scales requires knowledge of the details of the chemical reactions at the scaleâgas and scaleâmetal interfaces, which in turn requires specifying how the creation/annihilation of O and Al vacancies occurs at these interfaces. The availability of the necessary electrons and holes to allow for such creation/annihilation is a crucial aspect of the scaling reaction. The electronic band structure of polycrystalline Al2O3 thus plays a decisive role in scale formation and is considered in detail, including the implications of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation of the band structure of a ÎŁ7 View the MathML source bicrystal boundary, for which the atomic structure of the boundary was known from an independent DFT energy-minimization calculation and comparisons with an atomic-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the same boundary. DFT calculations of the formation energy of O and Al vacancies in bulk Al2O3 in various charge states as a function of the Fermi energy suggested that electronic conduction in Al2O3 scales most likely involves excitation of both electrons and holes, which are localized on singly charged O vacancies, View the MathML source and doubly charged Al vacancies, View the MathML source, respectively. We also consider the variation of the Fermi level across the scale and bending (âtiltingâ) of the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum due to the electric field developed during the scaling reaction. The band structure calculations suggest a new mechanism for the âreactive elementâ effectâa consequence of segregation of Y, Hf, etc., to grain boundaries in Al2O3 scales, which results in improved oxidation resistanceânamely, that the effect is due to the modification of the near-band edge grain-boundary defect states rather than any blocking of diffusion pathways, as previously postulated. Secondly, Al2O3 scale formation is dominated by grain boundary as opposed to lattice diffusion, and there is unambiguous evidence for both O and Al countercurrent transport in Al2O3 scale-forming alloys. We postulate that such transport is mediated by migration of grain boundary disconnections containing charged jogs, rather than by jumping of isolated point defects in random high-angle grain boundaries
Perfectionism and self-conscious emotions in British and Japanese students: Predicting pride and embarrassment after success and failure
Regarding self-conscious emotions, studies have shown that different forms of perfectionism show different relationships with pride, shame, and embarrassment depending on success and failure. What is unknown is whether these relationships also show cultural variations. Therefore, we conducted a study investigating how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted pride and embarrassment after success and failure comparing 363 British and 352 Japanese students. Students were asked to respond to a set of scenarios where they imagined achieving either perfect (success) or flawed results (failure). In both British and Japanese students, self-oriented perfectionism positively predicted pride after success and embarrassment after failure whereas socially prescribed perfectionism predicted embarrassment after success and failure. Moreover, in Japanese students, socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted pride after success and self-oriented perfectionism negatively predicted pride after failure. The findings have implications for our understanding of perfectionism indicating that the perfectionismâpride relationship not only varies between perfectionism dimensions, but may also show cultural variations
Avaliação da Vergonha em Adolescentes: âThe Other as Shamer Scaleâ
Shame, as a self-conscious, multidimensional and socially focused emotion, plays a central role in the mental health of individuals. In adolescents, shame is also a frequent experience and its assessment is important for research and clinical practice. This study aims to validate a brief measure of external shame (Other as Shamer Scale â brief version for adolescents: (OASB-A). The participants were 834 adolescents with a mean age of 15 years. The final model of the OASB-A (8 items), obtained through CFA, presents a good fit to the data. The OASB-A shows a good internal consistency and an adequate temporal reliability. The OASB-A also reveals significant correlations with traumatic shame experiences (IES-R) and psychopathological symptoms (DASS-21). The OASB-A is an economic and reliable measure to assess external shame in adolescents
On the Link between Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors and Self-conscious Emotions in Adolescents
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