Ann Modelling of Groundwater Quality Index

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Impact of biomass burning on Ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: Field observations

10.5194/acp-10-11323-2010Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics102311323-1133

A re-evaluation of the magnitude and impacts of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen inputs on the ocean

We report a new synthesis of best estimates of the inputs of fixed nitrogen to the world ocean via atmospheric deposition, and compare this to fluvial inputs and di-nitrogen fixation. We evaluate the scale of human perturbation of these fluxes. Fluvial inputs dominate inputs to the continental shelf, and we estimate about 75% of this fluvial nitrogen escapes from the shelf to the open ocean. Biological di-nitrogen fixation is the main external source of nitrogen to the open ocean, i.e. beyond the continental shelf. Atmospheric deposition is the primary mechanism by which land based nitrogen inputs, and hence human perturbations of the nitrogen cycle, reach the open ocean. We estimate that anthropogenic inputs are currently leading to an increase in overall ocean carbon sequestration of ~0.4% (equivalent to an uptake of 0.15 Pg C yr-1 and less than the Duce et al., 2008 estimate). The resulting reduction in climate change forcing from this ocean CO2 uptake is offset to a small extent by an increase in ocean N2O emissions. We identify four important feedbacks in the ocean atmosphere nitrogen system that need to be better quantified to improve our understanding of the perturbation of ocean biogeochemistry by atmospheric nitrogen inputs. These feedbacks are recycling of (1) ammonia and (2) organic nitrogen from the ocean to the atmosphere and back, (3) the suppression of nitrogen fixation by increased nitrogen concentrations in surface waters from atmospheric deposition, and (4) increased loss of nitrogen from the ocean by denitrification due to increased productivity stimulated by atmospheric inputs

Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: Eutrophication modeling

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics102311337-1135

Modelling the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine phytoplankton in the Singapore Strait

Water Science and Technology614859-867WSTE

Atmospheric fluxes of nutrients onto Singapore strait

10.2166/wst.2009.262Water Science and Technology59112287-2295WSTE

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Not AvailableThe Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many watersheds in the country and implemented large number of mechanical Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable management of them. Though many evaluation studies were conducted on these watershed projects in the past, assessment of diffusion of the SWC technologies has not been done yet. This research study was conducted during 2012-15, with the specific objective to measure the extent of diffusion of mechanical SWC technologies and also ascertain the factors responsible for their diffusion. Indices of diffusion of SWC technologies from 37 watersheds revealed that more than one-fourth (27.82%) of SWC technologies were diffused from farmers’ fields in watersheds. Technology-wise data revealed that 37.72% farmers diffused bunding, land leveling diffused from 24.73% farmers’ fields, check dam technology diffused from 12.98% farmers’ fields, recharge filter diffused from 9.4% farmers’ fields, terracing diffused from 9% farmers’ fields, gully plug diffused from 5.33% farmers’ fields, and pond technology diffused from 3.38% farmers’ fields of watersheds developed by IISWC and its Centres in the country. The important SWC technologies diffused from watersheds were bunding, land leveling, check dam, recharge filter, terracing, gully plug technology and water pond due to the reasons of reduction in runoff & soil loss, moisture conservation, ground water recharge, and increase in agricultural production.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableParticipation is a process in which people express themselves, share, contribute and act with mutual responsibility to promote a common set of interest. Natural and human resources are all interdependent and interactive in the watershed. An attempt has been made in this paper to understand the importance of micro financing among the Self Help Group (SHGs) members. The data on capacity building, SHGs formation, source of loan, utilization of credit, linkage with banks and repayment of loans were collected from SHGs members, MYRADA, Agricultural Engineering Department (AED) and Banks. The MYRADA, NGO had worked as community organizer in the watershed project selected for this study. The 203 SHGs with 2721 members (Male -30, Female -161 and Mixed -13 groups) were formed with a total member of 2721. NGO tried the concept of micro financing and thrift society and registered these SHGs under Society Act. The seed money Rs. 40.32 lakhs was disbursed among the SHGs under the project. The majority of SHG members were resource poor and women. More than 85 percent SHGs were linked to the bank and the repayment of revolving fund was reached to the extent of 59 percent. The loan amount of Rs. 498.83 lakhs was realized by the members and was utilized for Income generation activities (30%) viz., consumption purpose (25%), assets creation (32%) and other purposes (13%). The bank officials revealed that loan repayment was regular. Several trainings were imparted during the project period by the PIA for capacity building of the SHGs. This study clearly indicate that proper organization and monitoring of community institutions in rural areas lead to better performance of watershed project activities andwomen empowerment.Not Availabl

Case Study of Phytoplankton Blooms in Serangoon Harbor of Singapore

A recent algal bloom in the East Johor Strait has led to the damage of marine life in the water channel. This has lead to heavy economic losses to the fish farms located along the water channel. There is a desire to study and be able to predict the occurrences of algal blooms so that their effects on the fish industry can be reduced. Many factors such as weather patterns, tidal conditions and nutrient content in the water contribute to the extent of the eutrophication. This paper describes the design of experiments carried out in the East Johor Strait to study the dynamics of algal blooms. Physical and biogeochemical water column sampling were carried out using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (AD-CP) and a Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) probe that could measure various water quality parameters such as Turbidity, Salinity, pH level, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Chrolophyll-a concentration. Water samples from 1 m below the surface and 1 m above the channel floor were collected using Niskin Bottles. The water samples were sent to chemistry labs to test for the concentrations of various nutrients such as Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate and Phosphorus. Additional sampling was done using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) that was capable of measuring water quality parameters similiar to those measured by the CTD. The collection of the water sample data were meant to coincide with the spring and neap tides. The schedule is important to align with major phases of astronomic tide driving forces, such as flood tide, ebb tide and the transition between the two. Comparison can then be made to attempt to understand the various factors that contribute to algal blooms in the water body. Collected biogeochemical data can be used to improve water quality forecasts as well.Singapore-MIT Alliance. Center for Environmental Sensing and MonitoringSingapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Cente