34 research outputs found
Gavestinel does not improve outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage: an analysis from the GAIN International and GAIN Americas studies
<p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and GAIN Americas trials were prospectively designed, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of gavestinel, a glycine-site antagonist and putative neuroprotectant drug administered within 6 hours of suspected ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Both trials reported that gavestinel was ineffective in ischemic stroke. This analysis reports the results in those with primary intracerebral hemorrhage.</p>
<p><b>Methods:</b> The primary hypothesis was that gavestinel treatment did not alter outcome, measured at 3 months by the Barthel Index (BI), from acute intracerebral hemorrhage, based on pooled results from both trials. The BI scores were divided into 3 groups: 95 to 100 (independent), 60 to 90 (assisted independence), and 0 to 55 (dependent) or dead.</p>
<p><b>Results:</b> In total, 3450 patients were randomized in GAIN International (N=1804) and GAIN Americas (N=1646). Of these, 571 were ultimately identified to have spontaneous intracerebral hematoma on baseline head computerized tomography scan. The difference in distribution of trichotomized BI scores at 3 months between gavestinel and placebo was not statistically significant (P=0.09). Serious adverse events were reported at similar rates in the 2 treatment groups.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> These observations from the combined GAIN International and GAIN Americas trials suggest that gavestinel is not of substantial benefit or harm to patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings are similar to results previously reported in patients with ischemic stroke.</p>
Physical Study by Surface Characterizations of Sarin Sensor on the Basis of Chemically Functionalized Silicon Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor
Surface characterizations of an organophosphorus (OP) gas detector based on
chemically functionalized silicon nanoribbon field-effect transistor (SiNR-FET)
were performed by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and ToF-SIMS, and
correlated with changes in the current-voltage characteristics of the devices.
KPFM measurements on FETs allow (i) to investigate the contact potential
difference (CPD) distribution of the polarized device as function of the gate
voltage and the exposure to OP traces and, (ii) to analyze the CPD hysteresis
associated to the presence of mobile ions on the surface. The CPD measured by
KPFM on the silicon nanoribbon was corrected due to side capacitance effects in
order to determine the real quantitative surface potential. Comparison with
macroscopic Kelvin probe (KP) experiments on larger surfaces was carried out.
These two approaches were quantitatively consistent. An important increase of
the CPD values (between + 399 mV and + 302 mV) was observed after the OP sensor
grafting, corresponding to a decrease of the work function, and a weaker
variation after exposure to OP (between - 14 mV and - 61 mV) was measured.
Molecular imaging by ToF-SIMS revealed OP presence after SiNR-FET exposure. The
OP molecules were essentially localized on the Si-NR confirming effectiveness
and selectivity of the OP sensor. A prototype was exposed to Sarin vapors and
succeeded in the detection of low vapor concentrations (40 ppm).Comment: Paper and supporting information, J. Phys. Chem. C, 201
Synthesis of Perylene-3,4-mono(dicarboximide)−Fullerene C60 Dyads as New Light-Harvesting Systems
Fullerene C60−perylene-3,4-mono(dicarboximide) (C60−PMI) dyads 1−3 were synthesized in the search for new light-harvesting systems. The synthetic strategy to the PMI intermediate used a cross-coupling Suzuki reaction for the introduction of a formyl group in the ortho, meta, or para position. Subsequent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with C60 led to the target C60−PMI dyad. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the first one-electron reduction process unambiguously occurs onto the C60 moiety and the following two-electron process corresponds to the concomitant second reduction of C60 and the first reduction of PMI. A quasi-quantitative quenching of fluorescence was shown in dyads 1−3, and an intramolecular energy transfer was suggested to occur from the PMI to the fullerene moiety. These C60−PMI dyads constitute good candidates for future photovoltaic applications with expected well-defined roles for both partners, i.e., PMI acting as a light-harvesting antenna and C60 playing the role of the acceptor in the photoactive layer
Fluorescent Discrimination between Traces of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Mimics
An array of fluorogenic probes is able to
discriminate between nerve agents, sarin, soman, tabun,
VX and their mimics, in water or organic solvent, by
qualitative fluorescence patterns and quantitative multivariate
analysis, thus making the system suitable for the inthe-
field detection of traces of chemical warfare agents as
well as to differentiate between the real nerve agents and
other related compounds.Ministerio
de Economía
y Competitividad, Spain (Project CTQ2012-
31611), Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería
de Educación y
Cultura y Fondo Social Europeo (Project BU246A12-1), the
European Commission, Seventh Framework Programme
(Project SNIFFER FP7-SEC-2012-312411) and the Swedish
Ministry of Defence (no. A403913
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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system
CRF has been detected in the endocrine pancreas by immunocytochemistry with an antiserum that recognizes mainly the C-terminal portion of CRF-41. CRF-containing cells have been shown to be present in the pancreas of representative species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals including man. Light and electron microscopic observations indicate that the CRF-containing cells in the endocrine pancreas are similar to glucagon (A) cells both in their morphology and distribution. Individual CRF-containing cells are also found scattered in the exocrine pancreas in all species studied. In addition, CRF-containing cells have been identified in the human, monkey, cat, and rat stomach and small intestine. Recent reports also indicate that CRF-like immunoreactivity is present in the circulating blood, the adrenal medulla, and the placenta. Finally, several peripheral (pancreas, stomach, colon, lung and thyroid) tumors which produced corticotropin-releasing substances have been described by others. Although the peripheral actions of CRF are not yet known, these observations indicate that it is widely distributed in peripheral tissues and it may also represent a new tumor marker
Second Place—Resident Clinical Science Award 1998: Allergy increases susceptibility to otitis media with effusion in a rat model
To investigate the Possible relationship between allergy and otitis media with effusion (OME), we investigated the hypothesis that allergen presentation to the middle ear causes functional disruption of the eustachian tube predisposing to the development of OME. Thirteen of 19 Brown-Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin, and the remaining 6 served as nonallergic controls. To mimic subclinical exposure to allergen, we transtympanically injected ovalbumin at a dose (0.01 mg) that produced no changes detectable by otologic examination. Next, both allergic and nonallergic rats were exposed to transtympanic injection of either low-dose (10 μg/mL) or high-dose (100 μg/mL) lipopolysaccharide to simulate bacterial exposure. The allergic rats were found to have larger middle ear effusions when exposed to high-dose lipopolysaccharide as compared with the nonallergic controls. This response could be inhibited by diphenhydramine. We conclude that allergen presentation to the middle ear of allergic rats causes eustachian tube dysfunction predisposing to OME