Atualização da informação geológica e estratigráfica das jazidas de dinossáurios de La Rioja. Paleodiversidade do Cretácico Inferior do Grupo Enciso em Peña Cárcena (Igea, Espanha)

ABSTRACT: The discovery of new vertebrate fossil sites with skeletal remains in the Enciso Group of Igea (La Rioja) is showing the relevance of the area to study the palaeobiodiversity of Early Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Iberian Peninsula. At Peña Cárcena hill two sedimentary environments have been inferred: a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate lacustrine environment that is dominant at the outcrops, overlaid by a splay delta in an avulsion-belt. The vertebrate remains are especially abundant in the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate lacustrine deposits with two partially articulated skeletons (a theropod and a large-sized dinosaur), teeth and a fragment of a left maxilla of baryonychines, a pterosaur tooth that differs from those of Prejanopterus, a Goniopholis tooth, chelonian shell fragments that might belong to Camerochelys, a fairly complete lepisosteiform, teeth and dorsal fin spines of hybodontiforms. At the delta deposits, vertebrate fossils are rather scarce, with a single lepisosteiform skeleton and indeterminate bone fragments.RESUMO: A descoberta de novas jazidas com restos osteológicos de vertebrados no Grupo Enciso em Igea (La Rioja) comprova a importância da região para o estudo da paleobiodiversidade das faunas de vertebrados do Cretácico Inferior da Península Ibérica. Na colina de Peña-Cárcena, tem-se inferido dois ambientes sedimentares: o predominante nos afloramentos corresponde a um ambiente lacustre, siliciclástico-carbonatado misto, que se encontra sobreposto por depósitos de transbordo deltaico em cinturão abandonado. Restos de vertebrados são abundantes nos depósitos lacustres, incluindo dois esqueletos parciais articulados (de um terópode e de outro dinossáurio de grande porte), dentes e um fragmento de maxila esquerda de barionicinos, um dente de pterossáurio distinto de Prejanopterus, um dente de Goniopholis, fragmentos da carapaça de quelónios que poderão pertencer a Camerochelys, um lepisosteiforme praticamente completo, dentes e espinhos de barbatanas de hybodontiformes. Fósseis de vertebrados são escassos nos depósitos deltaicos, com apenas um esqueleto de lepisosteiforme e fragmentos indeterminados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

X-ray micro-tomography and pore network modeling of single-phase fixed-bed reactors.

A three-dimensional (3D) irregular and unstructured pore network was built using local topological and geometrical properties of an isometric bead pack imaged by means of a high-resolution X-ray computed micro-tomography technique. A pore network model was developed to analyze the 3D laminar/inertial(non-Darcy) flows at the mesoscopic (pore level) and macroscopic (after ensemble-averaging) levels. The non-linear laminar flow signatures were captured at the mesoscale on the basis of analogies with contraction and expansion friction losses. The model provided remarkably good predictions of macroscopic frictional loss gradient in Darcy and non-Darcy regimes with clear-cut demarcation using channel-based Reynolds number statistics. It was also able to differentiate contributions due to pore and channel linear losses, and contraction/expansion quadratic losses. Macroscopic mechanical dispersion was analyzed in terms of retroflow channels, and transverse and longitudinal Péclet numbers. The model qualitatively retrieved the Péclet-Reynolds scaling law expected for heterogeneous networks with predominance of mechanical dispersion. Advocated in watermark is the potential of pore network modeling to build a posteriori constitutive relations for the closures of the more conventional macroscopic Euler approaches to capture more realistically single-phase flow phenomena in fixed-bed reactor applications in chemical engineering

An open-source toolbox for multiphase flow in porous media

This program has been imported from the CPC Program Library held at Queen's University Belfast (1969-2018) Abstract Multiphase flow in porous media provides a wide range of applications: from the environmental understanding (aquifer, site-pollution) to industrial process improvements (oil production, waste management). Modeling of such flows involves specific volume-averaged equations and therefore specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. In this work, we develop a toolbox for modeling multiphase flow in porous media with OpenFOAM®, an open-source platform for CFD. The underlying idea of this app... Title of program: porousMultiphaseFoam Catalogue Id: AEUR_v1_0 Nature of problem This software solves multiphase flow in porous media. Versions of this program held in the CPC repository in Mendeley Data AEUR_v1_0; porousMultiphaseFoam; 10.1016/j.cpc.2014.10.00

The effect of rearing - temperature and sex on swimming performance of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Το zebrafish είναι ένα μικρό, πολύχρωμο, τροπικό ψάρι που αποικίζει μικρές λίμνες και ρυάκια της Νοτιοανατολικής Ασίας. Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, αποτελεί έναν πολύ σημαντικό οργανισμό-μοντέλο σε διάφορα πεδία έρευνας όπως Νευροβιολογία, Αναπτυξιακή Βιολογία και Γενετική. Παρόλα αυτά, μόνο πρόσφατα έχουν αρχίσει να μελετώνται διάφορα βασικά στοιχεία της βιολογίας και της οικολογίας του. Η κολυμβητική ικανότητα, αποτελεί ένα πολύ σημαντικό χαρακτηριστικό για την επιβίωση των ψαριών καθώς η μέγιστη τιμή της επηρεάζει σημαντικές πτυχές της ζωής τους όπως την απόκτηση τροφής, την εύρεση ταιριού και την αποφυγή των θηρευτών. Η θερμοκρασία ανάπτυξης και το φύλο, είναι δύο παράγοντες που έχουν αποδειχθεί πολύ σημαντικοί ως προς την επίδρασή τους στην κολυμβητική επίδοση. Έτσι στην παρούσα μελέτη, εξετάστηκε η επίδραση του φύλου στην κολυμβητική ικανότητα, σε zebrafish από διαφορετικές θερμοκρασίες εκτροφής. Για το σκοπό αυτό, εκτράφηκαν συνολικά 4 πληθυσμοί σε διαφορετικές θερμοκρασίες νερού (22, 25, 28 και 31οC) και στη συνέχεια αφού εγκλιματίστηκαν όλοι σε μία κοινή θερμοκρασία (26,5οC), υποβλήθηκαν σε ασκήσεις κολύμβησης με σκοπό την εύρεση της μέγιστης κρίσιμης σχετικής ταχύτητας (RUcrit) για κάθε περίπτωση. Επίσης, επειδή η συσσώρευση του γαλακτικού οξέος στους μύες καθορίζει σε μεγάλο βαθμό την ικανότητα κολύμβησης, η εργασία πλαισιώθηκε από τον προσδιορισμό της συγκέντρωσης του γαλακτικού οξέος στους μύες πριν και μετά από εξουθενωτική άσκηση. Η θερμοκρασία ανάπτυξης φαίνεται να επιδρά στην κολυμβητική ικανότητα μόνο στην περίπτωση των αρσενικών ατόμων, με τα άτομα των 22 οC να εμφανίζουν στατιστικά χαμηλότερη επίδοση από τα άτομα των 31οC. Τα αποτελέσματα εμφάνισαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές ανάμεσα σε αρσενικά και θηλυκά που αναπτύχθηκαν στους 31οC, με τα αρσενικά να επιτυγχάνουν καλύτερη επίδοση. Η διαφορά αυτή δεν μπορεί να εξηγηθεί από μεταβολικής σκοπιάς, καθώς με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της συγκέντρωσης του γαλακτικού οξέος στους μύες, τα θηλυκά φαίνονται ικανά για μεγαλύτερες επιδόσεις. Έτσι, η διαφοροποίηση της κολυμβητικής ικανότητας μπορεί τελικά να αποδοθεί είτε στην άμεση επίδραση του επιπλέον όγκου των αβγών που έχουν τα θηλυκά και το σχετικό εμπόδιο στην κίνηση που αυτός ο όγκος προκαλεί (λόγω μεγαλύτερης διατομής ή/και μικρότερης αναλογίας μυϊκής μάζας/μάζα σώματος), ή στην έμμεση επίδραση αυτού στις ιδιότητες συστολής (contractile properties) του μυϊκού ιστού. Ενδιαφέρουσες προεκτάσεις στο θέμα αυτό, θα ήταν η σύγκριση κολυμβητικών επιδόσεων μεταξύ θηλυκών ατόμων πριν και μετά την ωοτοκία, η μελέτη της επίδρασης της ωοτοκίας στην ποσότητα και το μέγεθος των μυϊκών ινών και στη σχετική κατανομή της μυϊκής μάζας στο σώμα των θηλυκών και τέλος να εξετασθεί αν υπάρχει διαφορετική επίδραση της θερμοκρασίας ανάπτυξης στην οντογένεση των μυών ανάμεσα στα αρσενικά και τα θηλυκά άτομα.Zebrafish is a small, colourful, tropical fish inhabiting small ponds and slow moving streams in Southeast Asia. For the past few decades, it has been a very important model-organism in research fields such as Neurobiology, Developmental Biology and Genetics. Even though, only recently did the researchers start to examine the basic aspects of its biology and ecology. It is widely known that swimming performance is a very important characteristic for fish survival, as it can affect food capture, mating success and the escape from predators. Developmental temperature and sex are two well known factors that strongly affect swimming capacity of fish. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of sex in the swimming performance of zebrafish reared in different temperatures was examined. For this purpose, 4 populations were reared in different water temperatures (22, 25, 28 and 31οC) and after being acclimatized in a common temperature (26.5οC) for over a month, they were subjected to swimming exercises in order to evaluate the maximum relative critical velocity (RUcrit) in each case. Moreover, as the accumulation of the lactate in fish muscles defines at a great extend their exercise ability, the muscle lactate concentrations before and after exhaustive exercise were also measured. Rearing temperature seems to affect swimming capacity only in the case of male zebrafish, as the fish that were reared in 22οC showed statistically significant lower performance than the ones reared in 31οC. Furthermore, the results showed statistically significant differences between males and females that were reared in 31οC, where the males turned out to be faster swimmers. This differentiation cannot be explained from a metabolic aspect, because as the measurements of the muscle lactate concentrations revealed, the females seem capable of higher performances. Therefore, the observed difference in swimming capacity is probably due to the added mass of eggs and its associated drag (due to larger girth and/or lower muscle power to body mass ratio), or the changes in the contractile properties of the muscles. In order to shed more light in this subject, future work could include comparing swimming performances of female zebrafish before and right after spawning, studying the effect of pregnancy on quantity and size of muscle fibres and the relative distribution of muscle tissue in fish body and examining if the temperature affects differently the ontogeny of muscle in males and females

Distributions of C-22-C-30 even-carbon-number n-alkanes in ocean anoxic event 1 samples from the Basque-Cantabrian Basin

The Ocean Anoxic Event 1 (OAE-1) in central sites of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin exhibits very reducing depositional conditions of sedimentation. These sedimentation events have left a distinct mixture of hydrocarbons that are represented by C22-C30 n-alkanes with a predominance of the even-carbon-number homologues, high relative proportions of squalane and C16-C24 n-alkylcyclopentanes predominated by n-undecyl-, n-tridecyl- and n-pentadecylcyclopentane. Other minor compounds encompass a series of C18-C21 n-alkylcyclohexanes and C18-C24 dimethyl n-alkylcyclohexanes maximized by the even-carbon-number homologues as well as iso- and anteiso-alkanes. This unusual distribution of n-alkanes in this environment provides a new case for comparison with previously reported hypersaline and phosphorite sedimentary deposits where the occurrence of similar n-alkane distributions was reported. In the present case, these major n-alkanes and squalane are indicative of transformation under strong reducing conditions. In contrast, the occurrence of the alkylcyclopentanes, irrespective of the presence of even-carbon-number n-alkanes or squalane, suggests that reductive cyclization of fatty acids is less dependent on strong reducing conditions

Distributions of C-22-C-30 even-carbon-number n-alkanes in ocean anoxic event 1 samples from the Basque-Cantabrian Basin

The Ocean Anoxic Event 1 (OAE-1) in central sites of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin exhibits very reducing depositional conditions of sedimentation. These sedimentation events have left a distinct mixture of hydrocarbons that are represented by C22-C30 n-alkanes with a predominance of the even-carbon-number homologues, high relative proportions of squalane and C16-C24 n-alkylcyclopentanes predominated by n-undecyl-, n-tridecyl- and n-pentadecylcyclopentane. Other minor compounds encompass a series of C18-C21 n-alkylcyclohexanes and C18-C24 dimethyl n-alkylcyclohexanes maximized by the even-carbon-number homologues as well as iso- and anteiso-alkanes. This unusual distribution of n-alkanes in this environment provides a new case for comparison with previously reported hypersaline and phosphorite sedimentary deposits where the occurrence of similar n-alkane distributions was reported. In the present case, these major n-alkanes and squalane are indicative of transformation under strong reducing conditions. In contrast, the occurrence of the alkylcyclopentanes, irrespective of the presence of even-carbon-number n-alkanes or squalane, suggests that reductive cyclization of fatty acids is less dependent on strong reducing conditions