The Relationship Between Reading Ability and Standards-Based Mathematics Achievement

A sequential mixed methods study examined the relationship between reading ability and standards-based mathematics achievement. Hypotheses were tested using archived SRI and GCRCT data taken from 279 sixth grade students and four teacher interviews. Results indicated that reading ability had a statistically significant relationship with standards-based mathematics achievement.https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/archivedposters/1036/thumbnail.jp

Synthetic Strategies and Parameters Involved in the Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides According to the Phosphoramidite Method

The phosphoramidite approach has had a major impact on the synthesis of oligonucleotides. This unit describes parameters that affect the performance of this method for preparing oligodeoxyribonucleotides, as well as a number of compatible strategies. Milestones that led to the discovery of the approach are chronologically reported. Alternate strategies are also described to underscore the versatility by which these synthons can be obtained. Mechanisms of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidite activation, factors affecting condensation, and deprotection strategies are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143633/1/cpnc0303.pd

Functionalized Polycarbonate Commercial Filters for Water Purification

Can commerercially available filtration membranes be easily functionalized in such a way to enhence the removal the charged contaminants in the water treatment process? The literature demonstrates there have been two pioneering works that demonstrated that Ultrathin Self-Assembled Nanoparticle (USANP) membranes (composed of ~5 nm diameter metallic gold nanoparticles surrounded by organic ligands) when applied to commercial membranes displayed charge sensitive rejection to molecular dyes and also have the ability to charge modify the openings in commercial filters. The rejection mechanisms in these works are proposed to be either size dependent or charged based. Recent experimental results have demonstrated that the supporting filter for these USANP membranes can be functionalized solely with highly charged molecular dye Direct Red 80 using no USANP membranes. After functionalization with direct red 80 alone, average rejection for tested molecular dyes at a concentration of 145 µM increased from 31.8 % to 85.6 % even without the addition of a USANP layer. This indicates that dyes themselves are capable of functionalizing the commercial membranes providing an additional method to enhanced rejection of charged contaminants. This poster highlights the efforts made by a Preservice and Early Career Research for Teachers (PERT) team and an Undergraduate student who was awarded an Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Award to measure the rejection results of these two different functionalization methods. Knowledge gained from these experiments may allow for enhanced rejection of charged based contaminants in polluted waters

A language and compiler for enabling automatic and parallel chemistry simulations

The modeling of chemical reactions, and the ability to predict the properties of the end- products of a chemical reaction, is of extreme commercial importance. The properties of many compounds have complex dependencies on a variety of additives, in ways that are not well understood. This paper describes a domain specific language, compiler and parallel runtime system that allows chemists to investigate, and understand how, different additives affect these properties. In particular, our system allows the inputs and types of reactions that are possible to be specified in a high level language. It then produces a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that when combined with boundary conditions from quantum chemistry are processed using parallel templates and off-the-shelf solvers to simulate the reaction. This paper describes the complete system, including optimizations to reduce the amount of redundant computation in the ODEs, the parallel templates for simulating the reaction, and experimental data showing the effectiveness of these. Our system saves the chemist from manually developing, testing and debugging systems of hundreds or thousands of ODEs that require weeks or months to develop

Azo-Dye-Functionalized Polycarbonate Membranes for Textile Dye and Nitrate Ion Removal

Challenges exist in the wastewater treatment of dyes produced by the world’s growing textiles industry. Common problems facing traditional wastewater treatments include low retention values and breaking the chemical bonds of some dye molecules, which in some cases can release byproducts that can be more harmful than the original dye. This research illustrates that track-etched polycarbonate filtration membranes with 100-nanometer diameter holes can be functionalized with azo dye direct red 80 at 1000 µM, creating a filter that can then be used to remove the entire negatively charged azo dye molecule for a 50 µM solution of the same dye, with a rejection value of 96.4 ± 1.4%, at a stable flow rate of 114 ± 5 µL/min post-functionalization. Post-functionalization, Na+ and NO3− ions had on average 17.9%, 26.0%, and 31.1% rejection for 750, 500, and 250 µM sodium nitrate solutions, respectively, at an average flow rate of 177 ± 5 µL/min. Post-functionalization, similar 50 µM azo dyes had increases in rejection from 26.3% to 53.2%. Rejection measurements were made using ultraviolet visible-light spectroscopy for dyes, and concentration meters using ion selective electrodes for Na+ and NO3− ions

Canonically conjugate pairs and phase operators

For quantum mechanics on a lattice the position (``particle number'') operator and the quasi-momentum (``phase'') operator obey canonical commutation relations (CCR) only on a dense set of the Hilbert space. We compare exact numerical results for a particle in simple potentials on the lattice with the expectations, when the CCR are assumed to be strictly obeyed. Only for sufficiently smooth eigenfunctions this leads to reasonable results. In the long time limit the use of the CCR can lead to a qualitativel wrong dynamics even if the initial state is in the dense set.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Phys. Rev. A, in pres

Energieprijzen en emissiehandel

Elektriciteitsbedrijven maken windfall profi ts door gratis verkregen CO2-emissierechten. Deze windfall profi ts wil de Europese Commissie elimineren door de rechten te veilen. Dat elektriciteitsbedrijven windfall profi ts incasseren is echter economisch gezien geen probleem. Het gebruik van de gratis verstrekte emissierechten brengt immers kosten met zich mee, namelijk de alternatieve kosten (opportunity costs), verbonden aan het afzien van de verkoop van de rechten. Windfall profi ts vormen echter wel een politiek probleem, omdat aandeelhouders er rijker van worden. Veilen lost dat weliswaar op, maar introduceert ook nieuwe politieke problemen, bijvoorbeeld rond de verdeling van de opbrengsten en de concurrentie met bedrijven buiten het emissiehandelssysteem

Theoretical analysis of the electronic structure of the stable and metastable c(2x2) phases of Na on Al(001): Comparison with angle-resolved ultra-violet photoemission spectra

Using Kohn-Sham wave functions and their energy levels obtained by density-functional-theory total-energy calculations, the electronic structure of the two c(2x2) phases of Na on Al(001) are analysed; namely, the metastable hollow-site structure formed when adsorption takes place at low temperature, and the stable substitutional structure appearing when the substrate is heated thereafter above ca. 180K or when adsorption takes place at room temperature from the beginning. The experimentally obtained two-dimensional band structures of the surface states or resonances are well reproduced by the calculations. With the help of charge density maps it is found that in both phases, two pronounced bands appear as the result of a characteristic coupling between the valence-state band of a free c(2x2)-Na monolayer and the surface-state/resonance band of the Al surfaces; that is, the clean (001) surface for the metastable phase and the unstable, reconstructed "vacancy" structure for the stable phase. The higher-lying band, being Na-derived, remains metallic for the unstable phase, whereas it lies completely above the Fermi level for the stable phase, leading to the formation of a surface-state/resonance band-structure resembling the bulk band-structure of an ionic crystal.Comment: 11 pages, 11 postscript figures, published in Phys. Rev. B 57, 15251 (1998). Other related publications can be found at http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm