1,431 research outputs found
The principle of the space activity suit
Space activity suit designed for active astronaut working in vacuum environments for up to four hour
The development of an elastic reverse gradient garment to be used as a countermeasure for cardiovascular deconditioning
Using a new nomex lycra elastic fabric and individualized garment engineering techniques, reverse gradient garments (RGG's) were designed, constructed, and tested for effectiveness as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning. By combining torso compensated positive pressure breathing with a distally diminishing gradient of counterpressure supplied by the elastic fabric on the limbs, the RGG acts to pool blood in the extremities of recumbent persons much as though they were standing erect in 1 g. The RGG stresses the vasculature in a fashion similar to that experienced by the normally active man, hence preventing or limiting the development of post weightlessness orthostatic intolerance and related conditions. Four male, college age subjects received daily treatments with the RGG during a 15 day bedrest study. Four additional subjects also underwent the bedrest, but received no treatments; they served as controls. The preliminary indication was that the RGG was somewhat effective in limiting the deconditioning process
Rate of heat extraction controller for environmental control
Automatic control device measures a physiological parameter related to heat production and conditions it to control the heat removal capacity of a watercooled environmental control suit
The Dust Content of Galaxy Clusters
We report on the detection of reddening toward z ~ 0.2 galaxy clusters. This
is measured by correlating the Sloan Digital Sky Survey cluster and quasar
catalogs and by comparing the photometric and spectroscopic properties of
quasars behind the clusters to those in the field. We find mean E(B-V) values
of a few times 10^-3 mag for sight lines passing ~Mpc from the clusters'
center. The reddening curve is typical of dust but cannot be used to
distinguish between different dust types. The radial dependence of the
extinction is shallow near the cluster center suggesting that most of the
detected dust lies at the outskirts of the clusters. Gravitational
magnification of background z ~ 1.7 sources seen on Mpc (projected) scales
around the clusters is found to be of order a few per cent, in qualitative
agreement with theoretical predictions. Contamination by different spectral
properties of the lensed quasar population is unlikely but cannot be excluded.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Riparian Shading and Groundwater Enhance Growth Potential for Smallmouth Bass in Ozark Streams
Moderation of stream temperatures by riparian shading and groundwater are known to promote growth and survival of salmonid fishes, but effects of riparian shade and groundwater on to be growth of warmwater stream fishes are poorly understood or assumed to be negligible. We used stream temperature models to relate shading from riparian vegetation and groundwater inflow to summer water temperatures in Missouri Ozark streams and evaluated effects of summer water temperatures on smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, growth using a bioenergetics model. Bioenergetics model simulations revealed that adult smallmouth bass in non-spring-fed streams have lower growth potential during summer than fish in spring-fed streams, are subject to mass loss when stream temperatures exceed 27°C, and will likely exhibit greater interannual variation in growth during summer if all growth-influencing factors, other than temperature, are identical between the two stream types. Temperature models indicated that increased riparian shading will expand the longitudinal extent of thermal habitat capable of supporting adult smallmouth bass growth in spring-fed stream reaches when mean daily air temperatures exceed 27°C. Optimum growth temperature (22°C) will be present only in spring-fed streams under these conditions. Potential for increasing shade through riparian restoration is greatest for streams \u3c5 m wide and along north–south reaches of larger streams. However, temperature models also indicated that restoring riparian shading to maximum levels throughout a watershed would increase the total stream mileage capable of supporting positive growth of adult smallmouth bass by only 1–6% when air temperatures are at or near average summer maxima; increases in suitable thermal habitat would be greatest in watersheds with higher spring densities. Riparian management for maintenance or restoration of the thermal habitat of adult smallmouth bass during summer should be focused in areas strongly influenced by groundwater. Restoring riparian shading along spring-fed warmwater streams will likely benefit adult smallmouth bass growth and may ultimately influence population sizes
Pengaruh Substitusi Rumput Laut (Eucheuma Cottonii) Dan Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Terhadap Daya Terima Dan Kandungan Serat Pada Biskuit
Biscuit is a food product made from the basic ingredient fl our that baked until moisture content less than 5%. Commercial biscuits are generally rich in energy and high in sugars derive from carbohydrates and fats, but low infi ber. Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and arrowroot fl our are high-fi ber food, while oyster mushroom contains high protein so it can be a potential ingredients to be substituted in biscuits. The addition of seaweed and oyster mushroom was expected to increase the fi ber content of biscuits compared to other biscuits. This study aimed to determine the acceptability and improve fi ber content in biscuits with the substitution of seaweed and oyster mushrooms. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions. Arrowroot fl our substitution treatment,seaweed, and oyster mushrooms were applied as F1 (25%: 50% to 25%), F2 (25%: 45%: 30%), and F3 (25%: 40%: 35%). Acceptability of biscuits based on organoleptic test and fi ber content from calculation based on Indonesia Food Composition Database and also laboratory analysis using proximate test. This research showed that formula 3 had the highest score based on organoleptic test with score 2.86. The highest fi ber content per serving (50 g) was found in formula 1 with 10.59 g of fi ber. The conclusion of this research is that the biscuit with substitution of seaweed andoyster mushroom has a good acceptability and higher fi ber content compared to commercial biscuits
Cross-correlation Weak Lensing of SDSS galaxy Clusters II: Cluster Density Profiles and the Mass--Richness Relation
We interpret and model the statistical weak lensing measurements around
130,000 groups and clusters of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
presented by Sheldon et al. 2007 (Paper I). We present non-parametric
inversions of the 2D shear profiles to the mean 3D cluster density and mass
profiles in bins of both optical richness and cluster i-band luminosity. We
correct the inferred 3D profiles for systematic effects, including non-linear
shear and the fact that cluster halos are not all precisely centered on their
brightest galaxies. We also model the measured cluster shear profile as a sum
of contributions from the brightest central galaxy, the cluster dark matter
halo, and neighboring halos. We infer the relations between mean cluster virial
mass and optical richness and luminosity over two orders of magnitude in
cluster mass; the virial mass at fixed richness or luminosity is determined
with a precision of 13% including both statistical and systematic errors. We
also constrain the halo concentration parameter and halo bias as a function of
cluster mass; both are in good agreement with predictions of LCDM models. The
methods employed here will be applicable to deeper, wide-area optical surveys
that aim to constrain the nature of the dark energy, such as the Dark Energy
Survey, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and space-based surveys
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