Sarcopenia parameters in active older adults - an eight-year longitudinal study

BACKGROUD: Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle syndrome that is common in older adults but can be mitigated by adequate and regular physical activity. The development and severity of sarcopenia is favored by several factors, the most influential of which are a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. The aim of this observational longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate changes in sarcopenia parameters, based on the EWGSOP2 definition in a population of active older adults after eight years. It was hypothesized that selected active older adults would perform better on sarcopenia tests than the average population. METHODS: The 52 active older adults (22 men and 30 women, mean age: 68.4 ± 5.6 years at the time of their first evaluation) participated in the study at two time points eight-years apart. Three sarcopenia parameters were assessed at both time points: Muscle strength (handgrip test), skeletal muscle mass index, and physical performance (gait speed), these parameters were used to diagnose sarcop0enia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Additional motor tests were also performed at follow-up measurements to assess participants' overall fitness. Participants self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior using General Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up measurements. RESULTS: In the first measurements we did not detect signs of sarcopenia in any individual, but after 8 years, we detected signs of sarcopenia in 7 participants. After eight years, we detected decline in ; muscle strength (-10.2%; p < .001), muscle mass index (-5.4%; p < .001), and physical performance measured with gait speed (-28.6%; p < .001). Similarly, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior declined, too (-25.0%; p = .030 and - 48.5%; p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Despite expected lower scores on tests of sarcopenia parameters due to age-related decline, participants performed better on motor tests than reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia was consistent with most of the published literature. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical trial protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04899531

Which motor abilities have the highest impact on working performance of slovenian soldiers?

Purpose: The objective of the research was to find a correlation between motor abilities and working efficiency of soldiers in a battle unit of Slovenia Armed Forces (SAF). Methods: The subject consisted of 115 soldiers (age=27.1±3.7 years) who were serving in the first brigade of the SAF. Motor abilities were measured with 11 motor tests, assessing the level of flexibility, speed, strength and coordination. To evaluate working efficiency of soldiers a special questionnaire was used, which consisted of 19 statements. Superior officer was asked to fill a questionnaire for each inferior soldier with values from 1 to 5. The correlation between motor abilities and working efficiency was assessed with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: We have found 4 statistically significant correlations. Motor tests correlating most with working performance were tests of arm strength. Conclusions: The superior officer better-evaluated soldiers, who could express higher level of arm and leg strength, who could perform the complex motor tasks quickly and solve the space related problem efficiently. Stronger, faster and more coordinated soldiers appeared to be more effective with carrying out the each day’s demands of modern military

One-Step Oxidation of 2-Arylpropanols to 2-Arylpropionic Acids: Improving Sustainability in the Synthesis of Profens

El presente trabajo de investigación denominado “NIIF 16 Arrendamientos y su incidencia en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta en las empresas del sector Inmobiliario en Lima Sur, año 2018”, tiene como objetivo explicar a las empresas del sector inmobiliario acerca de los arrendamientos y sus definiciones fundamentales, así como también las incidencias en los estados financieros y en el impuesto a la renta. La globalización trae consigo diversos cambios en las empresas, es por ello que existe una preparación constante de los profesionales, para adaptarse a los cambios sin que esto conlleve a desencadenar impactos en la actividad principal de una organización. Las normas internacionales de información financiera se van actualizando, generándose la emisión de una nueva norma y las empresas cuentan con un plazo para ejecutar la aplicación de las nuevas normas, debido a que cada cambio es por una cuestión de mejora en la información a revelar. El trabajo de investigación se encuentra distribuido en cinco capítulos, en el Capítulo I Marco teórico, se realizó una investigación de la información principal, a manera general acerca de las NIIF´s y de forma detallada acerca de la NIIF 16, en donde se desarrolló los conceptos de definiciones, antecedentes, objetivo, alcance, reconocimiento, medición, presentación e información a revelar, Así como también la incidencia en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta. En el Capítulo II denominado Plan de investigación, se establece la situación problemática del trabajo de investigación, determinado por el Estado de la Cuestión, el problema general, los problemas específicos, el objetivo general, objetivos específicos, la hipótesis general e hipótesis específicas. En el Capítulo III Metodología de la investigación, se precisó el tipo de investigación y el diseño de la investigación, así como también se determinó la población, la muestra para las investigaciones cualitativas, cuantitativas y el instrumento de recolección de datos a utilizar. En el Capítulo IV se realizó el Desarrollo de la Investigación, donde se aplicó los instrumentos en la investigación a través de la entrevista a profundidad, cuestionario y el desarrollo del caso práctico, por último, en el capítulo V se procedió a realizar el análisis de los resultados de la investigación.This research work denominated “IFRS 16 Leases and its incidence on the Financial Statements and Income Tax in companies of the Real-Estate sector in South Lima, year 2018”, whose aim is to explain to companies in the real-estate industry about leases and their fundamental definitions, as well as the impact on financial statements and income tax. Globalization brings several changes in companies, which is why there is a constant preparation of professionals, to adapt to the changes without this leading to trigger impacts on the main activity of an organization. International financial reporting standards are updated, generating the issuance of a new standard and companies have a deadline to implement the application of the new standards, because each change is due to a matter of improvement in the information to be disclosed. The research work is distributed in five chapters, in Chapter I Theoretical framework, an investigation of the main information was carried out, generally about IFRSs and in detail about IFRS 16, where the concepts of definitions, background, objective, scope, recognition, measurement, presentation and information to be disclosed, as well as the impact on the Financial Statements and the Income Tax. In Chapter II denominated the Research Plan, the problematic situation of the research work is established, determined by the State of the Question, the general problem, the specific problems, the general objective, specific objectives, the general hypothesis and specific hypotheses. In Chapter III Research methodology, the type of research and research design was specified, as well as the population, the sample for qualitative, quantitative research and the data collection instrument to be used. In Chapter IV the Research Development was carried out, where the instruments were applied in the investigation through the in-depth interview, questionnaire and the development of the practical case, finally in Chapter V, the analysis of the results of the investigation was carried out.Tesi

Catalyst-free Strecker reaction in water: synthesis of new chiral alfa-aminonitriles

Aroma, aroma-active compounds and fatty acid profiles of Iranian olive oil obtained from the cv. Mari were investigated for the first time in the current study. Aroma extracts were isolated from the oil by using a purge and trap extraction system and their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC–MS-O). A total of 35 aroma compounds comprising alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, terpenes and volatile phenols were identified and quantified in the assayed samples. Aldehydes were present at the highest levels, followed by ketones and alcohols. (E)-2-Hexenal was quantitatively (1589 µg kg-1) the main aroma compound in the analyzed oils, followed by hexanal and (E)-2-heptenal. The aroma-active volatiles were elucidated in the aromatic extract by applying aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The results of AEDA revealed 17 aroma-active compounds. Under these condition it was possible to completely identify 16 of these compounds. Regarding to the flavor dilution (FD) factor, the most potent odorants with the highest FD factor were (E)-2-hexenal (512), followed by hexanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-2-decenal and one unknown compound (LRI = 1871). The fatty acid profile of the tested oils was composed of thirteen compounds. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid (76.01 %) followed by palmitic acid. © 2016, AOCS

Asymmetric Strecker Reaction with Chiral Amines: a Catalyst-Free Protocol Using Acetone Cyanohydrin in Water

The synthesis of a series of new chiral alpha-aminonitriles was achieved in a diastereoselective Strecker reaction in a one-pot procedure with aldehydes, enantiopure amines, and acetone cyanohydrin in water. Primary and secondary amines derived from L-alpha-amino acids were used as sources of chirality. The reactions proceeded efficiently without any catalyst at room temperature. The diastereoselectivity of the process, and the configurational stability of new chiral alpha-aminonitriles were investigated. The identification of labile intermediates by NMR analysis, and a proposed mechanism and a model for the asymmetric induction are reported. The chemical transformation of proline-derived chiral alpha-amino-nitriles into chiral amino-diacids, aminols, and amides is reported

Chemical and biological potential of new azetidinone derivatives.

Beta-Lactam compounds are really \u201cevergreen\u201d molecules. Beside bicyclic beta-lactam substrates such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, monocyclic compounds (azetidinones) emerged for their interesting and variegated biological activities. We developed the synthesis of a new class of monocyclic beta-lactam derivatives, 4-alkyliden-azetidinones, characterized by a C=C bond on the C-4 position of the ring.4-Alkyliden-azetidinones proved to be interesting scaffold for antibiotics against resistant bacteria and effective enzymatic inhibitors against Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE) and matrix metallo-proteases (MMPs), and as antiaggregating agents.4 In exploring their use as synthons we observed that the C=C double bond in 4-alkyliden-azetidinones revealed an unexpected characteristic of low reactivity towards addition reactions of electrophiles or nucleophiles, whereas we succeeded in an unexpected oxidative substitution of vinylic hydrogen or halodecarboxylation reaction which led to the synthesis of mono and di-vinylhalides of 4-alkylidene-azetidinones. Our interest in the design of new beta lactam compounds with specific biological activities recently allowed us to extend our strategies to the synthesis of new monocyclic derivatives with specific inhibitory potency against integrins and histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC)