A Study on Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Roxithromycin

AIM OF THE STUDY: Roxithromycin is a BCS Class II /IV drug belonging to macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of a broad variety of infections, of which respiratory tract infections are the primary indication. But Roxithromycin has only 50% oral bioavailability, due to its poor aqueous solubility, which limits its potential for optimal drug delivery and therapeutic effect. Its poor solubility is thus an obstacle in formulation development. So it is more cost effective to chemically re-design a molecule than to move through the whole development process, it is crucial to develop a formulation that overcomes problems of insolubility. The aim of this study to enhance the solubility of Roxithromycin by using its solvates. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objectives of this study to enhance the solubility and Dissolution by To Prepare Roxithromycin solvates using Choloroform and Ethanol as olvents To characterise the different forms prepared; To evaluate the Solvated form forms on their solubility and Dissolution To find the suitability of Solvated form in Pharmaceutical Formulation. PLAN OF WORK: The present work carried out to solubility and dissolution enhancement of roxithromycin which is having low bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. So study was carried out to enhance the Solubility and dissolution of Roxithromycin in the following steps Literature survey, Procurement of drug and Chemicals, Preformulation of Roxithromycin, Preparation of Roxithromycin Solvates Characterisation of Roxithromycin Solvates Formulation of Roxithromycin Solvates CONCLUSION According to recent estimates, nearly 40% of new chemical entities are rejected because of poor solubility i.e. biopharmaceutical properties. Poor Solubility of drug may result in inadequate bioavailability and thus in ineffective treatment regimes. Similarly, roxithromycin also has a poor solubility profile and the form available on the market is mostly the stable, crystalline monohydrate with the oral bioavailability 50%.So the Objective of the present study to enhance the solubility and dissolution of Roxithromycin using solvates. Two solvate forms of roxithromycin were prepared by recrystallisation using chloroform and ethanol solvents. It was found that the Solvates showed better solubility and dissolution profile compared to Roxithromycin.Among Solvate Choloroform solvate showed better solubility and Dissolution profile than Ethanol solvate. The tablets of Choloroform solvates were formulated by direct compression method to find the suitability of Solvates in the formulation of Pharmaceutical Dosage form by comparing Freshly Prepared Choloroform Solvates against 3 months old choloroform solvate .The variants of solvates were used to find out the stability of solvates.Based on the evaluation of tablets it was found that During storage the solvates transformed in to more crystalline substance which may affect dissolution profile from the dosage. From the study it was concluded that Solvates can be used to enhance the solubility and dissolution of Poorly soluble drugs

Effect of Serum 25 Hydroxy Cholecalciferol on Glycemic Status and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a non communicable disease caused by increased insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Vitamin D increases intestinal calcium absorption which decreases the synthesis and secretion of hepatic triglycerides and also decreases the absorption of fatty acids in the intestine due to the formation of insoluble calcium- fatty acid complexes. Cholesterol level is reduced by promoting the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. Assessment of the serum vitamin D level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients will help in preventing further complications. OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate serum 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol and lipid profile and HbAIC in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to correlate the level of HbA1C in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2. To correlate the level of serum 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol with fasting and postprandial blood sugar and HbA1C in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3. To associate vitamin D with lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cross sectional study included 139 type 2 Diabetes Melitus cases in the age group of 40-60 years of both sexes. For the study 5ml of fasting venous blood was collected and aliquoted in to two tubes. Out of which 2 ml of blood was collected in EDTA tube for HbA1C estimation and the remaining volume of blood was collected in plain serum tube and serum was separated after centrifugation for estimation of vitamin D, blood sugar, serum lipid profile, serum urea and creatinine. RESULTS: The patients are grouped into three groups according to their vitamin level and results are compared. There is a highly significant correlation between vitamin D, blood sugar and lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D is a regulator of cell proliferation & differentiation involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study reveals that low vitamin D level might be one of the risk factor in high glycemic index Type 2 Diabetic patients. Because of its effect on glycemic status and lipid profile, it might affect the precipitating risk factors for the onset of prognosis of diabetic complication. Regular vitamin D screening in high risk patients and vitamin D supplementation and fortification of food with Vitamin D is needed to attain good glycemic control

First characterization report of natural pearl of Pinctada fucata from Gulf of Mannar

The present study is aimed to characterize the natural pearl of Pinctada fucata from Gulf of Mannar by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Studies (EDS). Pearl oysters (P. fucata) from Kayalpattinam, Gulf of Mannar, were landed as a by-catch in the bottom set gill net at a depth of 4 m and collected for tissue culture studies. During mantle tissue dissection, a good lustrous, round pearl of 1.5 mm size was found in the mantle fold of pearl oyster P. fucata. This evidenced the existence of natural pearl oyster beds and natural pearls in this region. It was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) to find out the composition of nacre. Parallel orientation of crystals to form the lamellar formation of nacre is clearly visible in SEM. Pseudo-hexagonal aragonite crystals arranged in a uniform layer and joined together to form a lamella with inter-lamellar matrix. Two forms of calcium (CaO and CaCO3) obtained in EDS analysis. Calcium content in the natural pearl is 66.05% which is clearly reveals the aragonite form. Niobium (Nb) was attained at 6% in natural pearl which is the first report in its kind and it may also play a role in the formation of lustrous layer. There are so many characterization reports available about mother of pearl in shell of different species, but this is the first report of natural pearl from P. fucata

Successful larval rearing of Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria brevialata

Successful larval rearing of Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria brevialat

Abrasion resistance and compressive strength of unprocessed rice husk ash concrete

This paper investigates the effects of adding natural rice husk ash collected from uncontrolled burning and without previous grinding (NRHA) as cement replacement in concrete. To obtain an adequate particle size, NRHA was mixed with coarse aggregate for a convenient period of time before adding the other components. Compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, and abrasion resistance expressed as weight loss were examined. Test results show that decreasing the particle size through mixing with coarse aggregate improved the compressive strength, reduced the permeability, and increased the abrasion resistance of concrete. By mixing NRHA with aggregate for 8 min, abrasion resistance improved by 10.35 and 23.62% over the control concrete at 28 and 91 days, respectively. Incorporating NRHA in concrete by grinding with coarse aggregate during the mixing process could be suitable for making normal-strength concrete and for applications where abrasion resistance is an important parameter. In addition, using NRHA as a partial replacement cement contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions due to the production of cement

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Not AvailableSuccessful larval rearing of Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria brevialataNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present study is aimed to characterize the natural pearl of Pinctada fucata from Gulf of Mannar by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Studies (EDS). Pearl oysters (P. fucata) from Kayalpattinam, Gulf of Mannar, were landed as a by-catch in the bottom set gill net at a depth of 4 m and collected for tissue culture studies. During mantle tissue dissection, a good lustrous, round pearl of 1.5 mm size was found in the mantle fold of pearl oyster P. fucata. This evidenced the existence of natural pearl oyster beds and natural pearls in this region. It was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) to find out the composition of nacre. Parallel orientation of crystals to form the lamellar formation of nacre is clearly visible in SEM. Pseudo-hexagonal aragonite crystals arranged in a uniform layer and joined together to form a lamella with inter-lamellar matrix. Two forms of calcium (CaO and CaCO3) obtained in EDS analysis. Calcium content in the natural pearl is 66.05% which is clearly reveals the aragonite form. Niobium (Nb) was attained at 6% in natural pearl which is the first report in its kind and it may also play a role in the formation of lustrous layer. There are so many characterization reports available about mother of pearl in shell of different species, but this is the first report of natural pearl from P. fucata.Not Availabl