Gas emissions and active tectonics within the submerged section of the North Anatolian Fault zone in the Sea of Marmara

The submerged section of the North Anatolian fault within the Marmara Sea was investigated using acoustic techniques and submersible dives. Most gas emissions in the water column were found near the surface expression of known active faults. Gas emissions are unevenly distributed. The linear fault segment crossing the Central High and forming a seismic gap – as it has not ruptured since 1766, based on historical seismicity, exhibits relatively less gas emissions than the adjacent segments. In the eastern Sea of Marmara, active gas emissions are also found above a buried transtensional fault zone, which displayed micro-seismic activity after the 1999 events. Remarkably, this zone of gas emission extends westward all along the southern edge of Cinarcik basin, well beyond the zone where 1999 aftershocks were observed. The long term monitoring of gas seeps could hence be highly valuable for the understanding of the evolution of the fluid-fault coupling processes during the earthquake cycle within the Marmara Sea

Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Finland, 2008-2011

In industrialized countries the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases are linked to immigration. In Finland, most cases are still Finnish born but the number of foreign born cases is steadily increasing. In this 4-year population based study, the TB situation in Finland was characterized by a genotypic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. A total of 1048 M. tuberculosis isolates (representing 99.4% of all culture positive cases) were analyzed by spoligotyping and MIRU. Spoligotype lineages belonging to the Euro-American family were predominant among the Finnish isolates, particularly T (n=346, 33.0%) and Haarlem (n=237, 22.6%) strains. The lineage signature was unknown for 130 (12.4%) isolates. Out of the 17 multi-drug resistant TB strains, 10 (58.8%) belonged to the Beijing lineage. In total, 23 new SIT designations were given and 51 orphan strains were found, of which 58 patterns were unique to Finland. Phylogeographical TB mapping as compared to neighboring countries showed that the population structure in Finland most closely resembled that observed in Sweden. By combining spoligotyping and MIRU results, 98 clusters comprising 355 isolates (33.9%) were found. Only 10 clusters contained both Finnish and foreign born cases. In conclusion, a large proportion of the M. tuberculosis isolates were from Finnish born elderly patients. Moreover, many previously unidentified spoligotype profiles and isolates belonging to unknown lineages were encountered

Comparative Study Among Autologous And Synthetic Slings In The Treatment Of Stress Urinary Incontinence [studio Comparativo Tra Sling Autologhe E Sintetiche Nel Trattamento Dell'incontinenza Urinaria Da Sforzo]

Aim. Procedures to correct stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are designed to restore support of the urethrovescical junction and, in cases of intrinsic sphinteric dysfunction, improve the coaptation of the urethra. Voiding dysfunction and urinary retention are frequent complications of both urethropexy and urethral sling. Guatelli et al. reported a 8.5% obstruction rate following autologous sling procedure, while the obstruction rate after polypropylene sling meshes procedures was 3.7%. The aim of this study was to compare the success and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) rates following sling procedure for SUI with two different mesh materials, synthetic versus autologous. Methods. A prospective study was carried out between July 1995 and December 1995 at the Department of Urology, University of Campinas Medical Center. Results. The median time between the anti-incontinence procedure and the diagnosis of BOO was nine months (3-96 months). All obstructed patients suffered from refractory urgency/frequency syndrome with varying postvoid residual volume. Our experience showed that autologous pubovaginal slings were statistically more obstructive than synthetic ones. Conclusion. Autologous and synthetic slings presented comparable success rates in treating SUI. However, BOO was more frequent among patients who underwent autologous sling procedure.606469473Petros, P., Ulmsten, U., An integral theory and its method for the diagnosis and management of female urinary incontinence (1993) Scand J Urol Nephrol, 153, pp. 1-93Ulmsten, U., Petros, P., Intravaginal slingplasty (IVS): An ambulatory surgical procedure for treatment of female urinary incontinence (1995) Scand J Urol Nephrol, 29, pp. 75-82Ward, K., Hilton, P., United Kingdom and Ireland Tension-free Vaginal Tape Trial Group. Prospective multicentre randomised trial of tension-free vaginal tape and colposuspension as primary treatment for stress incontinence (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 67Wadie, B.S., Edwan, A., Nabeeh, A.M., Autologous fascial sling vs polypropylene tape at short term follow-up: A prospective randomized study (2005) J Urol, 174, pp. 990-993Guatelli, S., Dall'Oglio, B., Schiavon, L., Luciano, M., Parma, P., Galletta, V., Pubo-vaginal sling (2004) Arch Ital Urol Androl, 76, pp. 46-48Kuo, H.C., Long-term surgical results of pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (2005) Urol Int, 74, pp. 147-152Ulmsten, U., Henriksson, L., Johnson, P., Varhos, G., An ambulatory surgical procedure under local anesthesia for treatment of female urinary incontinence (1996) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct, 7, pp. 81-85Boustead, G.B., The tension-free vaginal tape for treating female stress urinary incontinence (2002) BJU Int, 89, pp. 687-693Klutke, C., Siegel, S., Carlin, B., Paszkiewicz, E., Kirkemo, A., Klutke, J., Urinary retention after tension-free vaginal tape procedure: Incidence and treatment (2001) Urology, 58, pp. 697-701Kuo, H.C., The surgical results of the pubovaginal sling procedure using polypropylene mesh for stress urinary incontinence (2001) BJU International, 88, pp. 884-888The Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. Burch colposuspension versus fascial sling to reduce urinary stress incontinence (2007) N Engl J Med, 356, pp. 21-24Ostergard, D.R., Primary slings for everyone with genuine stress incontinence? The argument against (1997) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct, 8, pp. 321-322Wilson, T.S., Lemack, G.E., Zimmern, P.E., Management of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency in women (2003) J Urol, 169, pp. 1662-1669Clemens, J.Q., DeLancey, J.O., Faerber, G.J., Westney, O.L., Mcguire, E.J., Urinary tract erosions after synthetic pubovaginal slings: Diagnosis and management strategy (2000) Urology, 56, pp. 589-594Nilsson, C.G., Kuuva, N., The tension-free vaginal tape procedure is successful in the majority of women with indications for surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 414-419Debodinance, P., Delporte, P., Engrand, J.B., Boulogne, M., Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence: 3 years experience involving 256 operations (2002) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 105, pp. 49-58Abouassaly, R., Steinberg, J.R., Lemieux, M., Marois, C., Gilchrist, L.I., Bourque, J.L., Complications of tension-free vaginal tape surgery: A multi-institutional review (2004) BJU Int, 94, pp. 110-113Deffieux, X., Bonnet, K., Chevalier, N., Gervaise, A., Frydman, R., Fernandez, H., Complications urinaires des soutènements sous-urétraux. (2005) J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, 34, pp. 745-756Palma, P.C.R., Dambros, M., Riccetto, C.L.Z., Thiel, M., Netto Jr., N.R., Uretrolisis transvaginal tras cirugía correctora de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. (2005) Actas Urol Esp, 29, pp. 207-211Thiel, M., Rodrigues Palma, P.C., Riccetto, C.L., Dambros, M., Netto Jr, N.R., A stereological analysis of fibrosis and inflammatory reaction induced four different synthetic slings (2005) BJU Inter, 95, pp. 833-837Palma, P.C.R., Ikari, O., D'Ancona, C.A.L., Netto Jr., N.R., Alça pubovaginal sintética no tratamento da da incontinência urinária de esforço (1992) J Bras Urol, pp. 18202-18204Palma, P.C.R., Riccetto, C.L.Z., Herrmann, V., Dambros, M., Thiel, M., Bandiera, S., Transobturator SAFYRE sling is as effective as the transvaginal procedure (2005) Int Urogynecol J, 16, pp. 487-49