Pengaruh Karakteristik DPRD terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Pengungkapan Wajib Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik DPRD terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (LKPD) atas Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP). Karakteristik DPRD meliputi ukuran, proporsi anggota oposisi, latar belakang pendidikan, tingkat pendidikan, proporsi anggota wanita, dan struktur kepemimpinan DPRD. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode purposive sampling pada pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia tahun 2015. Sebanyak 101 pemerintah kabupaten/kota digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda untuk menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib. Hasil uji regresi dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib LKPD dipengaruhi oleh variabel independen sebesar 13,8%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa ukuran DPRD berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib LKPD, proporsi anggota oposisi DPRD berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib LKPD, dan latar belakang pendidikan, tingkat pendidikan, proporsi anggota wanita, struktur kepemimpinan DPRD tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengungkapan wajib LKPD

Dinamika Perubahan Komposisi Gulma Pada Tanaman Tebu Keprasan Di Lahan Sistem Reynoso Dan Tegalan

Gulma adalah komponen yang tetap pada agroekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan un-tuk mempelajari Perubahan komposisi gul-ma pada tanaman tebu keprasan di lahan sistem reynoso dan tegalan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2014 di Desa Legundi, Kecamatan Karang Jati, Kabupaten Ngawi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 35 spesies gulma yang ada di lahan sistem reynoso. Gulma yang mendominasi di lahan sistem reynoso adalah Chromolaena odorata (kirinyu), Ipomoea triloba (rayutan), Cayratia trifolia (galing-galing) dan Phyllanthus niruri (meniran). Gulma yang tersusun di lahan tegalan terdapat 33 spesies. Gulma yang mendominasi di lahan tegalan adalah Digitaria sanguinalis (jam-pang piit), Brachiaria distachya (gajihan) dan Ageratum conyzoides (wedusan). Nilai Indeks Shanon-Wienner berkisar antara 2,66-3,20 yang berarti tingkat keaneka-ragaman gulma pada lahan penelitian tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Nilai Indeks Simpson berkisar antara 0,05-0,13 yang berarti struktur komunitas dalam keadaan stabil dan tidak terjadi dominasi individu spesies gulma pada lahan penelitian. Nilai Indeks Sebaran Morisita (Id) pada lahan penelitian berkisar antara 0,00-12,28. Pola sebaran gulma di lahan sistem reynoso cenderung berkelompok dan merata, sedangkan di lahan tegalan gulma cenderung memiliki pola sebaran berkelompok

ISUOG Safety Committee updated recommendation on use of respirators by practitioners undertaking obstetric and gynecological ultrasound in context of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern

status: publishe

Autofluorescence of stingray skeletal cartilage: hyperspectral imaging as a tool for histological characterization

Tessellated cartilage is a distinctive composite tissue forming the bulk of the skeleton of cartilaginous fishes (e.g. sharks and rays), built from unmineralized cartilage covered at the surface by a thin layer of mineralized tiles called tesserae. The finescale structure and composition of elasmobranch tessellated cartilage has largely been investigated with electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and histology, but many aspects of tissue structure and composition remain uncharacterized. In our study, we demonstrate that the tessellated cartilage of a stingray exhibits a strong and diverse autofluorescence, a native property of the tissue which can be harnessed as an effective label-free imaging technique. The autofluorescence signal was excited using a broad range of wavelengths in confocal and light sheet microscopy, comparing several sample preparations (fresh; demineralized and paraffin-embedded; non-demineralized and plastic-embedded) and imaging the tissue at different scales. Autofluorescence varied with sample preparation with the signal in both plastic- and paraffin-embedded samples strong enough to allow visualization of finescale (≥ 1 μm) cellular and matrix structures, such as cell nuclei and current and former mineralization fronts, identifiable by globular mineralized tissue. A defined pericellular matrix (PCM) surrounding chondrocytes was also discernible, described here for the first time in elasmobranchs. The presence of a PCM suggests similarities with mammalian cartilage regarding how chondrocytes interact with their environment, the PCM in mammals acting as a transducer for biomechanical and biochemical signals. A posterior analysis of hyperspectral images by an MCR-ALS unmixing algorithm allowed identification of several distinct fluorescence signatures associated to specific regions in the tissue. Some fluorescence signatures identified could be correlated with collagen type II, the most abundant structural molecule of cartilage. Other fluorescence signatures, however, remained unidentified, spotlighting tissue regions that deserve deeper characterization and suggesting the presence of molecules still unidentified in elasmobranch skeletal cartilage. Our results show that autofluorescence can be a powerful exploratory imaging tool for characterizing less-studied skeletal tissues, such as tessellated cartilage. The images obtained are largely comparable with more commonly used techniques, but without the need for complicated sample preparations or external staining reagents standard in histology and electron microscopy (TEM, SEM)

A major population of mucosal memory CD4⁺ T cells, coexpressing IL-18Rα and DR3, display innate lymphocyte functionality

Mucosal tissues contain large numbers of memory CD4(+) T cells that, through T-cell receptor-dependent interactions with antigen-presenting cells, are believed to have a key role in barrier defense and maintenance of tissue integrity. Here we identify a major subset of memory CD4(+) T cells at barrier surfaces that coexpress interleukin-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Rα) and death receptor-3 (DR3), and display innate lymphocyte functionality. The cytokines IL-15 or the DR3 ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1a) induced memory IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+)CD4(+) T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-22 in the presence of IL-12/IL-18. TL1a synergized with IL-15 to enhance this response, while suppressing IL-15-induced IL-10 production. TL1a- and IL-15-mediated cytokine induction required the presence of IL-18, whereas induction of IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IL-22 was IL-12 independent. IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+)CD4(+) T cells with similar functionality were present in human skin, nasal polyps, and, in particular, the intestine, where in chronic inflammation they localized with IL-18-producing cells in lymphoid aggregates. Collectively, these results suggest that human memory IL-18Rα(+)DR3(+) CD4(+) T cells may contribute to antigen-independent innate responses at barrier surfaces.Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 1 October 2014; doi:10.1038/mi.2014.87

Achieving orphan designation for placental insufficiency: annual incidence estimations in Europe

Objective To determine whether a novel therapy for placental insufficiency could achieve orphan drug status by estimating the annual incidence of placental insufficiency, defined as an estimated fetal weight below the 10th centile in the presence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry, per 10 000 European Union (EU ) population as part of an application for European Medicines Agency (EMA ) orphan designation. Design Incidence estimation based on literature review and published national and EU statistics. Setting and population European Union. Methods Data were drawn from published literature, including national and international guidelines, international consensus statements, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and published national and EU statistics, including birth rates and stillbirth rates. Rare disease databases were also searched. Results The proportion of affected pregnancies was estimated as 3.17% (95% CI 2.93–3.43%), using a weighted average of the results from two cohort studies. Using birth rates from 2012 and adjusting for a pregnancy loss rate of 1/100 gave an estimated annual incidence of 3.33 per 10 000 EU population (95% CI 3.07–3.60 per 10 000 EU population). This fell below the EMA threshold of 5 per 10 000 EU population. Conclusions Maternal vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy for placental insufficiency was granted EMA orphan status in 2015 after we demonstrated that it is a rare, life‐threatening or chronically debilitating and currently untreatable disease. Developers of other potential obstetric therapies should consider applying for orphan designation, which provides financial and regulatory benefits