1,994 research outputs found
The Polyakov action on the supertorus
A consistent method for obtaining a well-defined Polyakov action on the
supertorus is presented. This method uses the covariantization of derivative
operators and enables us to construct a Polyakov action which is globally
defined.Comment: 15 pages LaTe
W-algebras from symplectomorphisms
It is shown how -algebras emerge from very peculiar canonical
transformations with respect to the canonical symplectic structure on a compact
Riemann surface. The action of smooth diffeomorphisms of the cotangent bundle
on suitable generating functions is written in the BRS framework while a
-symmetry is exhibited. Subsequently, the complex structure of the symmetry
spaces is studied and the related BRS properties are discussed. The specific
example of the so-called -algebra is treated in relation to some other
different approaches.Comment: LaTex, 25 pages, no figures, to appear in Journ. Math. Phy
Induced Polyakov supergravity on Riemann surfaces of higher genus
An effective action is obtained for the , induced supergravity on a
compact super Riemann surface (without boundary) of genus ,
as the general solution of the corresponding superconformal Ward identity. This
is accomplished by defining a new super integration theory on
which includes a new formulation of the super Stokes theorem and residue
calculus in the superfield formalism. Another crucial ingredient is the notion
of polydromic fields. The resulting action is shown to be well-defined and free
of singularities on \sig. As a by-product, we point out a morphism between
the diffeomorphism symmetry and holomorphic properties.Comment: LPTB 93-10, Latex file 20 page
d=2, N=2 Superconformal Symmetries and Models
We discuss the following aspects of two-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric
theories defined on compact super Riemann surfaces: parametrization of (2,0)
and (2,2) superconformal structures in terms of Beltrami coefficients and
formulation of superconformal models on such surfaces (invariant actions,
anomalies and compensating actions, Ward identities).Comment: 43 pages, late
Enteroparasitosis in food handlers in the city of RibeirĂŁo Preto - SP, Brazil, 2000
INTRODUĂĂO: A segurança alimentar vĂȘm adquirindo mundialmente uma importĂąncia crescente. As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAS) tĂȘm impactos na saĂșde pĂșblica e socioeconĂŽmicos, acarretando custos hospitalares em tratamentos e internaçÔes. As pessoas envolvidas na produção de alimentos podem ser portadoras de enteroparasitos e vir a contaminar os alimentos, provocando surtos de origem alimentar. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a presença de enteroparasitoses em manipuladores de alimentos do municĂpio de RibeirĂŁo Preto, SP, propondo medidas que assegurem a qualidade sanitĂĄria dos alimentos. MĂTODOS: Entre julho a dezembro de 2000, 429 manipuladores de alimentos (248 mulheres e 181 homens), com idades entre 16 e 77 anos, foram submetidos ao exame coproparasitolĂłgico por ocasiĂŁo da obtenção ou renovação da carteira de saĂșde. As amostras de fezes foram examinadas pelos mĂ©todos de Kato e da sedimentação espontĂąnea. A pesquisa de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp foi realizada em 7,0% das amostras de fezes diarrĂ©icas atravĂ©s da tĂ©cnica de concentração pelo formol-Ă©ter. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas enteroparasitoses em 33,1% dos manipuladores, incluindo 20,0% de casos de poliparasitismo. PrevalĂȘncias mais altas de infecçÔes ocorreram entre os indivĂduos envolvidos com atividades de manipulação direta dos alimentos (68%). CONCLUSĂES: Considerando os resultados obtidos, sĂŁo necessĂĄrios a educação sanitĂĄria e o treinamento dos manipuladores bem como a implementação da metodologia da AnĂĄlise dos Perigos e Pontos CrĂticos de Controle (APPCC) em todas as etapas da cadeia de produção dos alimentos, para garantir produtos alimentĂcios seguros aos consumidores.INTRODUCTION: Food safety has become increasingly importance worldwide. Food borne diseases have impacts on public health and socioeconomic factors, accounting for hospital costs in treatments and hospitalizations. People involved in food production can be carriers of enteroparasites and contaminate food, causing food borne diseases OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of enteroparasites in food handlers in RibeirĂŁo Preto, SP, proposing measures to ensure the sanitary quality of food. METHODS: From July to December 2000, 429 food handlers (248 women and 181 men), aged between 16 and 77 years, underwent coproparasitological analysis as a mandatory professional requirement. Fecal samples were analyzed by the Kato's and spontaneous sedimentation methods. Cryptosporidium spp oocysts were investigated in 7.0% of diarrheic fecal samples using the formalin-ether concentration technique. RESULTS: The results showed enteroparasitosis in 33.1% of food handlers, including 20.0% cases of multiple parasitic infections. A higher prevalence of infections (68.0%) was detected among the individuals involved in direct food handling activities. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results, it is necessary to provide sanitary education and training to food handlers, and to implement the method of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in all stages of the food chain so as to ensure food safety for consumers
Stochastic Background Search Correlating ALLEGRO with LIGO Engineering Data
We describe the role of correlation measurements between the LIGO
interferometer in Livingston, LA, and the ALLEGRO resonant bar detector in
Baton Rouge, LA, in searches for a stochastic background of gravitational
waves. Such measurements provide a valuable complement to correlations between
interferometers at the two LIGO sites, since they are sensitive in a different,
higher, frequency band. Additionally, the variable orientation of the ALLEGRO
detector provides a means to distinguish gravitational wave correlations from
correlated environmental noise. We describe the analysis underway to set a
limit on the strength of a stochastic background at frequencies near 900 Hz
using ALLEGRO data and data from LIGO's E7 Engineering Run.Comment: 8 pages, 2 encapsulated PostScript figures, uses IOP class files,
submitted to the proceedings of the 7th Gravitational Wave Data Analysis
Workshop (which will be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Analysis of a Motocross Knee Brace: From the Real Model to the Numerical Finite Element Model via 3D Scanning and Reverse Engineering
Featured Application: This study outlines a novel procedure for the Finite Element Modelling and Analysis of motocross knee braces under race conditions. The aim is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of such stabilisers in reducing the risk and consequences of musculoskeletal injuries, considering the current lack of industrial standards and dedicated scientific research works. Musculoskeletal injuries often occur when performing motocross; almost half of the overall ligamentous injuries (42%) are knee ligaments injuries. Lesions can be greatly reduced with knee braces. Commercial knee braces are expected to oppose and limit unwanted and potentially harmful movements such as hyperextension and excessive rotation of the knee joint. However, this aspect has not been fully investigated from a biomechanical point of view. This would require proper Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Analysis (FEA). However, to perform FEA and evaluate the efficacy of the brace simulating sportive conditions, numerical models need to be built. It requires a dedicated setup and several preprocessing steps, for which no industrial standard or widely accepted better practise is available as of today. Firstly, the brace and the lower limb are scanned using a 3D scanner. The geometry is reconstructed using reverse engineering techniques. These allow us to obtain a smooth, reliable 3D model starting from the points cloud acquired during scanning. A lower limb model was created using a mixed approach, combining MRI data and 3D scanning. Finally, a simulation of the impact condition after a jump using the developed model was carried out
Carnot-Caratheodory metric and gauge fluctuation in Noncommutative Geometry
Gauge fields have a natural metric interpretation in terms of horizontal
distance. The latest, also called Carnot-Caratheodory or subriemannian
distance, is by definition the length of the shortest horizontal path between
points, that is to say the shortest path whose tangent vector is everywhere
horizontal with respect to the gauge connection. In noncommutative geometry all
the metric information is encoded within the Dirac operator D. In the classical
case, i.e. commutative, Connes's distance formula allows to extract from D the
geodesic distance on a riemannian spin manifold. In the case of a gauge theory
with a gauge field A, the geometry of the associated U(n)-vector bundle is
described by the covariant Dirac operator D+A. What is the distance encoded
within this operator ? It was expected that the noncommutative geometry
distance d defined by a covariant Dirac operator was intimately linked to the
Carnot-Caratheodory distance dh defined by A. In this paper we precise this
link, showing that the equality of d and dh strongly depends on the holonomy of
the connection. Quite interestingly we exhibit an elementary example, based on
a 2 torus, in which the noncommutative distance has a very simple expression
and simultaneously avoids the main drawbacks of the riemannian metric (no
discontinuity of the derivative of the distance function at the cut-locus) and
of the subriemannian one (memory of the structure of the fiber).Comment: published version with additional figures to make the proof more
readable. Typos corrected in this ultimate versio
Supersymmetric structure of the induced W gravities
We derive the supersymmetric structure present in W-gravities which has been
already observed in various contexts as Yang-Mills theory, topological field
theories, bosonic string and chiral W_{3}-gravity. This derivation which is
made in the geometrical framework of Zucchini, necessitates the introduction of
an appropriate new basis of variables which replace the canonical fields and
their derivatives. This construction is used, in the W_{2}-case, to deduce from
the Chern-Simons action the Wess-Zumino-Polyakov action.Comment: 17 pages, Latex. To appear in Class. Quantum. Gravit
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