6,145 research outputs found
Joint constraints on galaxy bias and through the N-pdf of the galaxy number density
We present a full description of the N-probability density function of the
galaxy number density fluctuations. This N-pdf is given in terms, on the one
hand, of the cold dark matter correlations and, on the other hand, of the
galaxy bias parameter. The method relies on the assumption commonly adopted
that the dark matter density fluctuations follow a local non-linear
transformation of the initial energy density perturbations. The N-pdf of the
galaxy number density fluctuations allows for an optimal estimation of the bias
parameter (e.g., via maximum-likelihood estimation, or Bayesian inference if
there exists any a priori information on the bias parameter), and of those
parameters defining the dark matter correlations, in particular its amplitude
(). It also provides the proper framework to perform model selection
between two competitive hypotheses. The parameters estimation capabilities of
the N-pdf are proved by SDSS-like simulations (both ideal log-normal
simulations and mocks obtained from Las Damas simulations), showing that our
estimator is unbiased. We apply our formalism to the 7th release of the SDSS
main sample (for a volume-limited subset with absolute magnitudes ). We obtain and , for galaxy number density fluctuations in cells of a size of
Mpc. Different model selection criteria show that galaxy biasing is
clearly favoured.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. v2: Substantial revision, adding the
joint constraints with \sigma_8 and testing with Las Damas mocks. Matches
version accepted for publication in JCA
A Multiwavelength Investigation of the Relationship Between 2CG135+1 and LSI+61o 303
We present the results of a multiwavelength monitoring campaign targeting the
gamma-ray source 2CG 135+1 in an attempt to confirm the association of this
object with the radio/Be/X-ray binary system LSI +61o 303. The campaign
included simultaneous radio, optical, infrared, and hard x-ray/gamma-ray
observations carried out with a variety of instruments, covering (not
continously) almost three binary cycles of LSI +61o 303 during the period
April-July 1994. Three separate OSSE observations of the gamma-ray source were
carried out, covering different phases of the radio lightcurve. Hard
X-ray/gamma-ray emission was detected from the direction of 2CG 135+1 during
the first of these OSSE observations. The signal to noise ratio of the OSSE
observations was insufficient to establish a spectral or intensity correlation
of the high-energy emission with simultaneous radio, optical and infrared
emission of LSI +61o 303. We briefly discuss the theoretical implications of
our observations.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables to be published in Astrophysical
Journal, 10 April 199
Decoupled and unidirectional asymptotic models for the propagation of internal waves
We study the relevance of various scalar equations, such as inviscid
Burgers', Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), extended KdV, and higher order equations (of
Camassa-Holm type), as asymptotic models for the propagation of internal waves
in a two-fluid system. These scalar evolution equations may be justified with
two approaches. The first method consists in approximating the flow with two
decoupled, counterpropagating waves, each one satisfying such an equation. One
also recovers homologous equations when focusing on a given direction of
propagation, and seeking unidirectional approximate solutions. This second
justification is more restrictive as for the admissible initial data, but
yields greater accuracy. Additionally, we present several new coupled
asymptotic models: a Green-Naghdi type model, its simplified version in the
so-called Camassa-Holm regime, and a weakly decoupled model. All of the models
are rigorously justified in the sense of consistency
Statistical analysis of Ni nanowires breaking processes: a numerical simulation study
A statistical analysis of the breaking behavior of Ni nanowires is presented.
Using molecular dynamic simulations, we have determined the time evolution of
both the nanowire atomic structure and its minimum cross section (Sm(t)).
Accumulating thousands of independent breaking events, Sm histograms are built
and used to study the influence of the temperature, the crystalline stretching
direction and the initial nanowire size. The proportion of monomers, dimers and
more complex structures at the latest stages of the breaking process are
calculated, finding important differences among results obtained for different
nanowire orientations and sizes. Three main cases have been observed. (A) [111]
stretching direction and large nanowire sizes: the wire evolves from more
complex structures to monomers and dimers prior its rupture; well ordered
structures is presented during the breaking process. (B) Large nanowires
stretched along the [100] and [110] directions: the system mainly breaks from
complex structures (low probability of finding monomers and dimers), having
disordered regions during their breakage; at room temperature, a huge histogram
peak around Sm=5 appears, showing the presence of long staggered pentagonal Ni
wires with ...-5-1-5-... structure. (C) Initial wire size is small: strong size
effects independently on the temperature and stretching direction. Finally, the
local structure around monomers and dimmers do not depend on the stretching
direction. These configurations differ from those usually chosen in static
studies of conductance.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure
Peripheral and central mechanisms involved in hormonal control of male and female reproduction
Reproduction involves the integration of hormonal signals acting across multiple systems togenerate a synchronized physiological output. A critical component of reproduction is the luteinizinghormone (LH) surge, which is mediated by estradiol (E2) and neuroprogesterone interacting tostimulate kisspeptin release in the rostral periventricular nucleus of the third ventricle in rats. Recentevidence has shown that both classical and membrane E2 and progesterone signaling is involved inthis pathway. A metabolite of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH-(1-5), has been shownto stimulate GnRH expression, secretion, and has a role in the regulation of lordosis. Additionally,gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) projects to and influences the activity of GnRH neurons inbirds. Stress-induced changes in GnIH have been shown to alter breeding behaviors in birds,demonstrating another molecular control of reproduction. Peripherally, paracrine and autocrineactions within the gonad have been suggested as therapeutic targets for infertility in both males andfemales. Dysfunction of testicular prostaglandin synthesis is a possible cause of idiopathic maleinfertility. Indeed, local production of melatonin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) couldinfluence spermatogenesis via immune pathways in the gonad. In females, vascular endothelialgrowth factor A (VEGF-A) has been implicated in an angiogenic process that mediates developmentof the corpus luteum and thus fertility via the Notch signaling pathway. Age-induced decreases infertility involve ovarian kisspeptin and its regulation of ovarian sympathetic innervation. Finally,morphological changes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus influence female sexualreceptivity in rats. The processes mediating these morphological changes have been shown toinvolve rapid effects of E2 controlling synaptogenesis in this hypothalamic nucleus. Together, thisreview highlights new research in these areas, focusing on recent findings in the molecularmechanisms of central and peripheral hormonal control of reproduction.Fil: Rudolph, L. M.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Bentley, G. E.. University of California Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Calandra, Ricardo Saul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, A. H.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Tesone, Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Wu, T. J.. Uniformed Services University; Estados UnidosFil: Micevych, P. E.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unido
Long-Term Flux Monitoring of LSI +61 303 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz
LSI +61 303 is an exotic binary system consisting of a ~10 Msun B star and a
compact object which is probably a neutron star. The system is associated with
the interesting radio source GT0236+610 that exhibits bright radio outbursts
with a period of 26.5 days. We report the results of continuous daily radio
interferometric observations of GT0236+610 at 2.25 and 8.3 GHz from 1994
January to 1996 February. The observations cover 25 complete (and 3 partial)
cycles with multiple observations each day. We detect substantial
cycle-to-cycle variability of the radio emission characterized by a rapid onset
of the radio flares followed by a more gradual decrease of the emission. We
detect a systematic change of the radio spectral index alpha which typically
becomes larger than zero at the onset of the radio outbursts. This behavior is
suggestive of expansion of material initially optically thick to radio
frequencies, indicating either that synchrotron or inverse Compton cooling are
important or that the free-free optical depth to the source is rapidly
changing. After two years of observations, we see only weak evidence for the
proposed 4-year periodic modulation in the peak flux of the outbursts. We
observe a secular trend in the outburst phases according the the best published
ephemeris. This trend indicates either orbital period evolution, or a drift in
outburst orbital phase in response to some other change in the system.Comment: 23 pages, LaTex, 7 figures, to appear in ApJ, v491, Dec 10th issue,
for associated info and preprints see
http://www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/paulr/lsi.htm
Strengthâduration relationship for intra- versus 3 extracellular stimulation with microelectrodes
AbstractâChronaxie, a historically introduced excitability
time parameter for electrical stimulation, has been assumed
to be closely related to the time constant of the cell membrane.
Therefore, it is perplexing that significantly larger
chronaxies have been found for intracellular than for extracellular
stimulation. Using compartmental model analysis,
this controversy is explained on the basis that extracellular
stimulation also generates hyperpolarized regions of the
cell membrane hindering a steady excitation as seen in the
intracellular case. The largest inside/outside chronaxie ratio
for microelectrode stimulation is found in close vicinity of
the cell. In the case of monophasic cathodic stimulation,
the length of the primarily excited zone which is situated
between the hyperpolarized regions increases with
electrodeâcell distance. For distant electrodes this results
in an excitation process comparable to the temporal behavior
of intracellular stimulation. Chronaxie also varies along
the neural axis, being small for electrode positions at the
nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segment and larger at
the soma and dendrites. As spike initiation site can change
for short and long pulses, in some cases strengthâduration
curves have a bimodal shape, and thus, they deviate from a
classical monotonic curve as described by the formulas of
Lapicque or Weis
A radio and infrared exploration of the Cygnus X-3 environments
To confirm, or rule out, the possible hot spot nature of two previously
detected radio sources in the vicinity of the Cygnus X-3 microquasar.
We present the results of a radio and near infrared exploration of the
several arc-minute field around the well known galactic relativistic jet source
Cygnus X-3 using the Very Large Array and the Calar Alto 3.5~m telescope.
The data this paper is based on do not presently support the hot spot
hypothesis. Instead, our new observations suggest that these sources are most
likely background or foreground objects. Actually, none of them appears to be
even barely extended as would be expected if they were part of a bow shock
structure. Our near infrared observations also include a search for extended
emission in the Bracket (2.166 m) and (2.122 m)
lines as possible tracers of shocked gas in the Cygnus X-3 surroundings. The
results were similarly negative and the corresponding upper limits are
reported.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 5 pages, 4 figure
Actividad molusquicida de extractos acuosos vegetales sobre el caracol manzana pomacea canaliculata
En el Ecuador, entre el 40 y 48% de la produccioÌn de arroz se pierde a causa del ataque de Pomacea canaliculata, una de las cien especies invasivas maÌs danÌinas del mundo que actualmente ha infestado alrededor de 170.000 hectaÌreas del cultivo en todo el territorio nacional
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