2,393 research outputs found
Preliminary evaluation of perennial forage legumes for organic farming in Finland
In 1998-2001 fourteen forage legume species were evaluated for their productivity in mixed organic swards. The aim was to find new alternatives for red clover. Medicago falcata produced the highest dry matter yield (about 11 000 kg/ha/year). Dry matter production of Trifolium pratense, Trifolium hybridum and Medicago sativa varied from 2 200 to 10 600 kg/ha/year
Preliminary evaluation of annually cultivated forage legumes for organic farming in Finland
In 1998-2001 nineteen forage legume species (Lupinus, Medicago, Melilotus, Pisum, Trifolium and Vicia species) were evaluated at two sites of Eastern Finland (Mikkeli and Juva). Species were studied for their annual productivity in pure stands and in mixtures with cereals (barley and oats) and Italian ryegrass. Swards were cut either twice or once (whole grain silage stage of barley)
Management of red clover content of organic grassland
The clover content is an important factor in organic grassland management to optimize yield, feeding value and pre-crop effect of the ley. The variation of red clover (Trifolium pratense) content in swards of different age is often rather high in Finland. In the ongoing field experiment (1999-2002) staggered sowing of red clover seed was tested to regulate the clover content of the mixed sward. Sowing strategy did not have clear effect on the clover content or the yield of the sward. However the seeding rate affected the clover density of the field (plants/m²) in the first year. After two years the differences were equated. The best strategy to control the clover amount in the mixed swards seems sowing of 2 or 3 kg/ha (100 or 150 seeds/m²) clover seeds in establishment and then oversow on a first second ley year 1 or 2 kg/ha (50 or 100 seeds/m²)
Inhomogeneous Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Mutual Ion Diffusion
We present a study of inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis with emphasis on
transport phenomena. We combine a hydrodynamic treatment to a nuclear reaction
network and compute the light element abundances for a range of inhomogeneity
parameters. We find that shortly after annihilation of electron-positron pairs,
Thomson scattering on background photons prevents the diffusion of the
remaining electrons. Protons and multiply charged ions then tend to diffuse
into opposite directions so that no net charge is carried. Ions with Z>1 get
enriched in the overdense regions, while protons diffuse out into regions of
lower density. This leads to a second burst of nucleosynthesis in the overdense
regions at T<20 keV, leading to enhanched destruction of deuterium and lithium.
We find a region in the parameter space at 2.1E-10<eta<5.2E-10 where
constraints
7Li/H<10^{-9.7} and D/H<10^{-4.4} are satisfied simultaneously.Comment: 9 pages, minor changes to match the PRD versio
Large Scale Inhomogeneities from the QCD Phase Transition
We examine the first-order cosmological QCD phase transition for a large
class of parameter values, previously considered unlikely. We find that the
hadron bubbles can nucleate at very large distance scales, they can grow as
detonations as well as deflagrations, and that the phase transition may be
completed without reheating to the critical temperature. For a subset of the
parameter values studied, the inhomogeneities generated at the QCD phase
transition might have a noticeable effect on nucleosynthesis.Comment: 15 LaTeX pages + 6 PostScript figures appended at the end of the
file, HU-TFT-94-1
Adaptive, self-underpressurizing suction roll for fast web handling concepts
In web handling one of the most demanding area is nip or pocket area for incoming or outgoing web. Depending on speed of web and rotating roll surfaces, boundary layers transport air causing negative or positive relative pressure difference between top and bottom sides of the web. Numerous publications and studies show that this effect causes web deflections, which can lead to web instabilities and deteriorations in web handing.Pocket areas are also difficult from the viewpoint of fluid flow analysis since tangential points of the pocket geometry will lead to singularities in nom1al situation. This means that pressures are "infinite" and cannot be handled without "leakage effects" coming from surface roughness, or in this case, roll grooving.Typically one possibility to avoid web handling problems in pocket areas is to increase substantially such "surface roughness" which can receive or convey air transported by viscous boundary layers. One form of this extra "surface roughness space'' is roll grooving which is simply a helping duct or escape for air, especially in pocket areas.In this paper we present a roll and a method not only to overcome pocket effects, but also a technique where boundary layers together with optimized roll groove structure can create a suction roll mechanism. This forms an underpressure between the roll and the web surface stabilizing the web.Roll functioning is based on carefully designed but simple groove geometry where closing and opening pockets correspondingly create sealing and underpressurizing areas. Adequate and deep groove design ensures good air conveying utilizing air-surface friction forces. The roll arc covered by fabric is underpressurized as a whole.Both CFD and experimental results show that underpressure develops adaptively according "Bernoulli's law" i.e. second power with roll surface speed. Roll is especially designed to work with supporting permeable fabrics. Since underpressurizing power is coming from rotational speed and boundary layers, no external vacuum or suction devices are needed. Since whole wrap area is underpressurized from closing nip to opening nip, roll performance is ideal for such web handling situations where excessive web tensioning and web straining should be avoided.In paper making industry with continuously increasing web speeds, more cost-effective web handling systems are needed. There, the web supporting is in essential position. With permeable, supporting paper making fabrics, web handling possibilities can be improved significantly when roll pocket effects can be controlled efficiently
On Bubble Growth and Droplet Decay in Cosmological Phase Transitions
We study spherically symmetric bubble growth and droplet decay in first order
cosmological phase transitions, using a numerical code including both the
complete hydrodynamics of the problem and a phenomenological model for the
microscopic entropy producing mechanism at the phase transition surface. The
small-scale effects of finite wall width and surface tension are thus
consistently incorporated. We verify the existence of the different
hydrodynamical growth modes proposed recently and investigate the problem of a
decaying quark droplet in the QCD phase transition. We find that the decaying
droplet leaves behind no rarefaction wave, so that any baryon number
inhomogeneity generated previously should survive the decay.Comment: 10 pages (revtex), 10 figures as uuencoded postscrip
Symmetry breaking in driven and strongly damped pendulum
We examine the conditions for appearance of symmetry breaking bifurcation in
damped and periodically driven pendulum in the case of strong damping. We show
that symmetry breaking, unlike other nonlinear phenomena, can exist at high
dissipation. We prove that symmetry breaking phases exist between phases of
symmetric normal and symmetric inverted oscillations. We find that symmetry
broken solutions occupy a sufficiently smaller region of pendulum's parameter
space in comparison to the statements made in earlier considerations [McDonald
and Plischke, Phys. Rev. B 27 (1983) 201]. Our research on symmetry breaking in
a strongly damped pendulum is relevant to an understanding of phenomena of
dynamic symmetry breaking and rectification in a pure ac driven semiconductor
superlattices.Comment: 11 pages, 4 color figures, RevTeX
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