REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE: TRADITION AND FUTURE

The measurement of the structural disorders after stroke can be carried out by estimating the personal deficit and then generalized as a degree of invalidity. The present study focused on 65 stroke patients. They were follow е d-up and underwent an early neurorehabilitation course. The analysis of an extensive body of literature and the results obtained from our clinical investigations enabled to discuss the relationship between the elements, e. g., diagnosis, planning, intervention and assessment involved in the management of the neurorehabilitation process. Based on the combination of standardized indices and scales the authors suggest a unified rehabilitation profile enabling them to evaluate and monitor the motor and cognitive deficit. Thus, objective prerequisites are established for determining the priorities, monitoring the efficacy and the possibilities for prognosis of terms and outcome of the conducted rehabilitation training

Ecological Assessment of differrent raw materials for biogas

ABSTRACT: A comparative ecologic valuation of different raw materials for biogas production has been made. The valuation is based on the qualities of the different substrates: from energy cultures (sugar, fodder and red beet, leaves mass from the Paulovnia spring and autumn leaves). Three type of fertilizer (cattle from non-litter breeding, swine and non-removable bird fertilizer litter) as well as substrates from waste water of the WTP- Waster water treatment plan (mixed sediment, primary and secondary sediment). The examined raw material has been analyzed according to the following parameters: Dry matter (DM), Organic matter (OM), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen Kjeldahl (N), Nitrogen Ammonium (N - ammonium), Nitrogen nitrate ( N- nitrate), Patassium (K), P (Phosphorus), pH ( H2O) and heavy metals – arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pd), Zinc (Zn). The results of the examined substrates received from different raw materials (vegetal, organic fertilizers and waste water) give us ground to make the following conclusions: the examined substrates respond in the physical-chemical parameters to all technological requirements of raw material for biogas production (DM,C and proportion C:N). The established differences in the content of nitrogen / within the borders of 1,8% (substrate-leaves mass Paulovnia- spring) to 7,75% of substrate 7 (organic fertilizer)/ allow the combination of the substrates in order to adhere the Nitrate directive of the EU. The established differences in the active forms of nitrogen allow exploitation of programs for fertilizers with the participation of raw materials for biogas production. Our examination of substrates and show a content of heavy elements under the critical admissible limits. РЕЗЮМЕ: Направена е сравнителна екологична оценка на различни суровини за производство на биогаз. Оценката е на база качествата на различни субстрати: от енергийни култури (захарно, кръмно и червено цвекло, листна маса от Пауловния- пролетни и есенни листа, царевичен силаж и силаж Пауловния), три вида тор (говежда от безпостелно отглеждане, свинска и несменяема птича торова постеля), както и субстрати от отпадни води на ПС (първична,вторична и смесена утайка). Изследваните суровини бяха анализирани по следните показатели: Dry matter (DM) ,Organic matter (OM), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen Kjeldahl (N), Nitrogen Ammonium (N -ammonium), Nitrogen nitrate (N- nitrate), Patassium (K), P (Phosphorus), pH ( H2O) and heavy metals – arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium ( Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pd), Zinc (Zn). Резултатите от изследваните субстрати получени от различни суровини ( растителни, органични торове и отпадни води) ни дават основание да направим следните заключения: Изследваните субстрати по физикохимични показатели отговарят на всички технологични изисквания на суровини за производство на биогаз (СВ, С и съотношение С:N). Установените различия в съдържанието на азот е границите на 1,8% (субсрат - листна маса Пауловния –пролет) до 7,75% (при субстрат 7 - органична тор) позволяват комбиниране на субстратите с оглед спазване на Нитратната директива на ЕС. Съществуващите различия в подвижните форми на азота дават възможност за разработване на програми за торете с участие на различни суровини за производство на биогаз. Проучените от нас субстрати показват съдържание на тежки елементи под критично допустимите граници

Co-digestion of waste activated sludge and silaged mix of chicken litter and fodder beet

In order to determine the yield of methane in a Co-degradation study with different substrates. The study involved the following substrates : WAS only; WAS+silage 2:1; WAS+silage 1:1; WAS+silage 1:2. Studieed is the contents of the macro and micronutrient in the tested substrates and biogas yield after methane fermentation. It was found that major disadvantage of the BMP test is the fact that it does not provide short-term results because of it s duration, methane yield during a shorter period could be predicted by evaluating the reaction rate provided by the rate constant

Effect of cluster size of chalcogenide glass nanocolloidal solutions on the surface morphology of spin-coated amorphous films

Amorphous chalcogenide thin film deposition can be achieved by a spin-coating technique from proper solutions of the corresponding glass. Films produced in this way exhibit certain grain texture, which is presumably related to the cluster size in solution. This paper deals with the search of such a correlation between grain size of surface morphology of as-deposited spin-coated As33S67 chalcogenide thin films and cluster size of the glass in butylamine solutions. Optical absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering were employed to study optical properties and cluster size distributions in the solutions at various glass concentrations. Atomic force microscopy is used to study the surface morphology of the surface of as-deposited and thermally stabilized spin-coated films. Dynamic light scattering revealed a concentration dependence of cluster size in solution. Spectral-dependence dynamic light scattering studies showed an interesting athermal photo-aggregation effect in the liquid state.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA operons of two species of Diplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda): a molecular resource for taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of important fish pathogens

© 2015 Brabec et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Physics and applications of dusty plasmas: The Perspectives 2023

Dusty plasmas are electrically quasi-neutral media that, along with electrons, ions, neutral gas, radiation, and electric and/or magnetic fields, also contain solid or liquid particles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. These media can be found in many natural environments as well as in various laboratory setups and industrial applications. As a separate branch of plasma physics, the field of dusty plasma physics was born in the beginning of 1990s at the intersection of the interests of the communities investigating astrophysical and technological plasmas. An additional boost to the development of the field was given by the discovery of plasma crystals leading to a series of microgravity experiments of which the purpose was to investigate generic phenomena in condensed matter physics using strongly coupled complex (dusty) plasmas as model systems. Finally, the field has gained an increasing amount of attention due to its inevitable connection to the development of novel applications ranging from the synthesis of functional nanoparticles to nuclear fusion and from particle sensing and diagnostics to nano-contamination control. The purpose of the present perspectives paper is to identify promising new developments and research directions for the field. As such, dusty plasmas are considered in their entire variety: from classical low-pressure noble-gas dusty discharges to atmospheric pressure plasmas with aerosols and from rarefied astrophysical plasmas to dense plasmas in nuclear fusion devices. Both fundamental and application aspects are covered

Further progress in the study of epsilon iron oxide in archaeological baked clays

The occurrence of ε-Fe2O3 in archaeological samples that have been subjected to high temperatures is gradually being detected by the use of micrometric structural characterization techniques. This work provides new information by revealing that the ε-Fe2O3 is formed as a response to temperature, the aggregation state and the position within the baked clay with respect to the nearest heat source. In addition, depending mainly on the atmospheric environment, the temperature reached by the combustion structure, the distance from the heating source and the particle aggregation, other iron oxide magnetic phases are produced. In the baked clay studied here, hematite is found over the whole range of samples studied but its magnetic contribution is negligible. Magnetite is observed at the sample surface, probably due to local atmospheric environment closest to the combustion source. Maghemite is found at all depths up to 6 cm below the sample surface. ε-Fe2O3 has a limited distribution, found within 2–3 cm of the sample surface. Furthermore, the viability of this compound as a palaeofield marker has been evaluated in both archaeological and synthetic samples. The results indicate that ε-Fe2O3 is able to register the direction of the magnetic field. Linear palaeointensity plots have been obtained in synthetic samples, although the value of the palaeofield could be, sometimes, overestimated

Harmonizing and improving European education in prescribing: An overview of digital educational resources used in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

Aim: Improvement and harmonization of European clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education is urgently required. Because digital educational resources can be easily shared, adapted to local situations and re-used widely across a variety of educational systems, they may be ideally suited for this purpose. Methods: With a cross-sectional survey among principal CPT teachers in 279 out of 304 European medical schools, an overview and classification of digital resources was compiled. Results: Teachers from 95 (34%) medical schools in 26 of 28 EU countries responded, 66 (70%) of whom used digital educational resources in their CPT curriculum. A total of 89 of such resources were described in detail, including e-learning (24%), simulators to teach pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics (10%), virtual patients (8%), and serious games (5%). Together, these resources covered 235 knowledge-based learning objectives, 88 skills, and 13 attitudes. Only one third (27) of the resources were in-part or totally free and only two were licensed open educational resources (free to use, distribute and adapt). A narrative overview of the largest, free and most novel resources is given. Conclusion: Digital educational resources, ranging from e-learning to virtual patients and games, are widely used for CPT education in EU medical schools. Learning objectives are based largely on knowledge rather than skills or attitudes. This may be improved by including more real-life clinical case scenarios. Moreover, the majority of resources are neither free nor open. Therefore, with a view to harmonizing international CPT education, more needs to be learned about why CPT teachers are not currently sharing their educational materials