Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Improving Performance of Wind Turbines on Semi-Submersible Platforms under Different Wind Scenarios

Among renewable energy technologies, wind energy features one of the best possibilities for large-scale integration into power systems. However, there are specific restrictions regarding the installation areas for this technology, thus resulting in a growing, yet restricted, rate of penetration of the technology because of the limited viable sites onshore or in shallow waters. In this context, the use of offshore semi-submersible platforms appears as a promising option, which additionally enables the incorporation of other elements, such as wave energy converters or aquaculture. Nevertheless, this kind of offshore facility involves interactions between platform movements and the wind turbine, increasing the complexity of the system, causing traditional control techniques to not be able to fully cope with the dynamics of the system, and thus limiting the efficiency of energy extraction. On the contrary, the use of intelligent control techniques is an interesting option to take full account of the said interactions and to improve energy capture efficiency through the control of the pitch of the blades, especially under turbulent, above-rated wind profiles. This work presents an original fuzzy logic controller that has been validated by comparing it with previously validated controllers, following a developed methodology that allows comparison of controllers for wind turbines in semi-submersible platforms using performance indexes.This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Government of Spain) and European Union (RTC-2016-5712-3); by the European Union, CDTI (Spain) and BEISS (UK) through the call H2020 ERA-NET DEMOWIND (WIP10+ project); by the Regional Government of Andalusia and European Union (UMA-CEIATECH-18); and finally, by partial funding for open access charge from the Universidad de Málaga. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Sensor monitoring strategy

In its overall strategy, COMMON SENSE work packages (11) can be grouped into 3 key phases: (1) RD basis for cost-effective sensor development, (2) Sensor development, sensor web platform and integration, and (3) Field testing. In the Phase 1, within WP1 and WP2, partners have provided a general understanding and integrated basis for a cost effective sensors development. In Phase 2, within the WP3 and WPs 4 to 8, the new sensors have been created and planned to be integrated into instruments for the different identified platforms and how data produced will be processed, organised and saved. During the phase 3, within WP9, partners are deploying precompetitive prototypes at chosen platforms (e.g. research vessels, oil platforms, buoys and submerged moorings, ocean racing yachts, drifting buoys). Starting from August 2015 (month 22; Task 9.2), these platforms are permitting the partnership to test the adaptability and performance of the in-situ sensors and verify if the transmission of data is properly made and correct observed deviations. Sensor monitoring strategy (Deliverable 2.4 for Task 2.5) is the last task within Phase 1. As the other tasks in Phase 1 it has to provide a basis for designing field testing activities to be useful. That is how to validate the performance of sensors, integration, data acquisition, transmission, under real conditions in different platforms. Since there is a wide sensor variety, each one with its own characteristics, and several platforms, to prepare a general methodological review and give the corresponding directions as it was initially planned, would be a huge and useless effort. Given the initially fixed calendar a first version of the present deliverable was presented when most of the sensors were still not developed. The document addressed how projected sensors should be tested, their limitations and conditions for their monitoring and final certification. Now, when D2.2 (Procedures of sensors deployment methodology on physical supports/platforms) has been rewritten (May 2016), all sensors are fully developed and most of them have started their tests at sea, the present new updated version of the deliverable becomes more precise, with much better knowledge on the real sensors and their performance. In addition, a complete new chapter on data transmission –initially proposed but not developed in the previous version– is included. The information from the six sensor developers in COMMON SENSE on which the initial plan on where and how to test each sensor that was presented in D9.1 (April 2015) has been updated (May 2016). The update includes the final properties of sensors after the respective full laboratory tests and even some of the results from field tests that had been carried out starting August 2015. This task assesses field testing procedures and deployment specificities. Two tables are presented based on the information of the report for D9.1 delivered in April 2015. One table was created for sensor developers and one for those who will test the sensors at sea. In this report some information from the testers’ table is shown and updated according to the new version of D2.2 (May 2016) for platforms. Objectives and rationale The objective of Task 2.5 within the WP2 is the definition of sensor monitoring strategy based on the premises for water monitoring, sensor performances and data storage and transmission. For any new sensor, available instruments currently used in the oceanographic studies will be identified to perform comparisons. Suitable transmission technology will be selected according to the test conditions: open sea, coastal areas, remote locations, etc. Sensitivity and stress tests will be designed in order to establish confidence limits under different environmental situations, so that the results obtained in the testing exercises (WP9) will enable to certify the performance of the new instruments

Formation of ZnO nanowires by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions for photoelectrochemical water splitting

The present work studies the influence of hydrodynamic conditions (from 0 to 5000 rpm) during Zn anodization process on the morphology, structure and photoelectrocatalytic behavior of ZnO nanostructures. For this purpose, analysis with Confocal Laser-Raman Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and photoelectrochemical water splitting tests were performed. This investigation reveals that hydrodynamic conditions during anodization promoted the formation of ordered ZnO nanowires along the surface that greatly enhance its stability and increases the photocurrent density response for water splitting in a 159% at the 5000 rpm electrode rotation speed

Handlebar injury in children: Are we ignoring the signs?

AbstractThe diagnosis of blunt intestinal injury in children is difficult and often delayed. We describe two cases of delayed diagnosis of intestinal injury following handlebar injury with abdominal wall tattooing. We review the literature to try and determine the usefulness of handlebar tattooing characteristics as a clinical sign for underlying small bowel injury in order to reduce delayed treatment. We propose a management algorithm for patients with handlebar tattooing

Luxación tibio astragalina posteromedial sin fractura de maleolos: a propósito de un caso

Se describe un caso de luxación tibioastragalina posteromedial abierta sin fractura asociada de maleolos, en un paciente de 28 años. A los dos años del desbridamiento quirúrgico, reducción manual y reparación capsuloligamentosa, el paciente estaba libre de dolor y presentaba una función semejante a la del tobillo contralateral. Se revisa la literatura sobre el tema y se discuten los factores etiopatológicos, complicaciones y principios de tratamiento

Fracturas de cadera y diáfisis femoral ipsilaterales

Se aportan 10 casos de fracturas de cadera y diáfisis femoral ipsilaterales tratados quirúrgicamente de forma diferida con un tiempo medio de demora de 12 días (rango: 3 a 22 días). Nueve fracturas diafisarias fueron tratadas con placa AO de fémur, y una, donde la fractura de cadera asociada pasó inicialmente inadvertida, mediante un clavo de Küntscher. Las fracturas de cadera se fijaron con tornillos de esponjosa (8 casos) o clavo-placa de Richards (2 casos). En todos los pacientes se inició un programa de rehabilitación precoz. El seguimiento medio ha sido de 31 meses (rango: 12 a 84 meses). Todas las fracturas consolidaron. Las complicaciones fueron un caso de acortamiento femoral y otro de artrosis coxofemoral post-traumá- tica. En nuestra experiencia, la fijación de la fractura diafisaria con placa AO, combinada con tornillos de esponjosa o clavo-placa de Richards para la síntesis de la fractura de cadera, proporciona resultados satisfactoriosWe review 10 cases of ipsilateral hip and femoral shaft fractures. Operative treatment was performed in all cases, with an average delay of 12 days (range: 3 to 22 days). Nine femoral shaft fractures were stabilizated with an AO plate, and one, where the associated hip fracture was initially missed, with a Küntscher rod. Hip fractures were fixed with cancellous screws (8 cases) or Richards compression screw (2 cases). An early rehabilitation program was carried out in all patients. The average follow-up was 31 months (range: 12 to 84 months). All fractures healed. Complications were a case of femoral shortening an a case of post-traumatic hip osteoarthritis. In our study, the combination of AO plate for the shaft fracture with cancellous screws or Richards compression screw for the hip fracture provides good results

Lesiones traumáticas de la columna vertebral en niños

—Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de traumatismo raquídeo atendidos en urgencias de nuestro centro desde 1987 hasta 1995. Del total de 159.202 niños atendidos en dicho período, el 1,8% sufría algún tipo de patología traumática de la columna, de los cuales requirieron ingreso 45 casos. Se analizan la distribución por edad, los factores etiológicos y la localización de la lesión. En 4 casos existió afectación neurológica, 2 de ellos con paraplejía completa. Los traumatismos del raquis en el niño son lesiones poco frecuentes, siendo aún más rara la afectación neurológica. fin nuestra serie el grupo más afectado fueron varones de 8 a 13 años de edad. El tratamiento conservador generalmente da resultados satisfactorios, recurriendo a la cirugía sólo en casos de severa inestabilidad o compromiso neurológico.We report the results of a restrospective study of cases with spinal trauma in children treated in our institution from 1987 until 1995. From 159,202 children under fourteen, only in 1.8% spinal traumatism was present being necessary hospitalization in 45 cases. We analized age distribution, etiologic factors, and level of the lesion. In four patients a neurologic deficit was present, two of them had complete paraplegia. Pediatric spinal trauma is a rare lesion, and associated neurologic deficit is still less common. In our scries, the most affected group was boys, from 8 to 13. Usually conservative treatment provides satisfactory results. Surgery is required only when severe unstability or neurologic deficit are present

Manejo sostenible de los bosques tropicales. Desafíos para las prácticas de aprovechamiento de impacto reducido.

bitstream/item/173662/1/Manejo-sostenible.pd

Paving the Way for a Real-Time Context-Aware Predictive Architecture

Internet of Things society generates and needs to consume huge amounts of data in a demanding context-aware scenario. Such exponentially growing data sources require the use of novel processing methodologies, technologies and tools to facilitate data processing in order to detect and prevent situations of interest for the users in their particular context. To solve this issue, we propose an architecture which making use of emerging technologies and cloud platforms can process huge amounts of heterogeneous data and promptly alert users of relevant situations for a particular domain according to their context. Last, but not least, we will provide a graphical tool for domain experts to easily model, automatically generate code and deploy the situations to be detected and the actions to be taken in consequence. The proposal will be evaluated through a real case study related to air quality monitoring and lung diseases in collaboration with a doctor specialist on lung diseases of a public hospital