Desarrollo del comportamiento proambiental en los individuos y sus determinantes

Este artículo analiza el comportamiento proambiental en individuos ofreciendo una clasificación del comportamiento según la diversidad/ intensidad de las acciones ambientales emprendidas, y explicando el desarrollo del comportamiento pro-ambiental y algunos de los factores que lo determinan. Mediante análisis cluster y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, aplicado al Estudio 2837 del CIS, se obtiene una clasificación en cinco grupos de individuos que pone de manifiesto cómo se desarrolla el comportamiento pro-ambiental, desde niveles con poca intensidad en acciones medioambientales muy concretas (como el reciclado) hasta niveles de mayor implicación proambiental en un buen número de acciones proambientales. The aim of this study is to learn more about pro-environmental conduct in individuals, providing classification in levels of conduct according to diversity/intensity of environmental actions, showing how proenvironmental conduct develops in people and identifying the factors that determine such conduct. The application of cluster analysis and structural equation models to CIS Study 2837 classifies individuals with different degrees of environmental involvement into five groups, showing how pro-environmental conduct develops in people, from specific activities (such as recycling) performed with reduced intensity to greater and more intense pro-environmental involvement

Validación de un instrumento de medición de ambiente escolar para docentes Colombianos

Este estudio explora la validez y fiabilidad de un instrumento de medición del ambiente escolar suministrado a 3610 docentes de las Instituciones Educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Medellín – Colombia en 2011. El análisis factorial exploratorio multinivel permitió establecer que a través de 20 reactivos el instrumento evalúa cuatro dimensiones de ambiente escolar a nivel individual: comunicación de la Institución Educativa hacia los docentes y comunicación de los docentes hacia los padres, nivel de participación en las decisiones de la Institución Educativa, respeto-seguridad emocional y expectativas académicas. A nivel grupal, los mismos reactivos permiten medir una dimensión general de ambiente escolar. Por tanto, los resultados sugieren que el instrumento permite establecer diferencias entre Instituciones Educativas en términos de ambiente escolar.This study explores the validity and reliability of a school environment instrument supplied to 3160 teachers from Medellin – Colombia public schools in 2011. The multilevel factorial analysis allowed establishing that through 20 reactives, the instrument evaluates four school environment dimensions at individual level: communication from the school to the teachers and communication from the teachers to the parents, participation level into the school decisions, respect-emotional security and academic expectations. At the group level, the same reactives allowed measuring a general school environment dimension. Therefore, results suggested the instrument permits to establish differences between schools in school environment terms

Optical sorting and detection of sub-micron objects in a motional standing wave

An extended interference pattern close to surface may result in both a transmissive or evanescent surface fields for large area manipulation of trapped particles. The affinity of differing particle sizes to a moving standing wave light pattern allows us to hold and deliver them in a bi-directional manner and importantly demonstrate experimentally particle sorting in the sub-micron region. This is performed without the need of fluid flow (static sorting). Theoretical calculations experimentally confirm that certain sizes of colloidal particles thermally hop more easily between neighboring traps. A new generic method is also presented for particle position detection in an extended periodic light pattern and applied to characterization of optical traps and particle behaviorComment: 5 pages, 6 figures, Optical Trapping pape

An application of the FIS-CRM model to the FISS metasearcher: Using fuzzy synonymy and fuzzy generality for representing concepts in documents

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to improve the quality of the results produced by the Internet search engines. In order to achieve it, the FIS-CRM model (Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Concept Representation Model) is proposed as a mechanism for representing the concepts (not only terms) contained in any kind of document. This model, based on the vector space model, incorporates a fuzzy readjustment process of the term weights of each document. The readjustment lies on the study of two types of fuzzy interrelations between terms: the fuzzy synonymy interrelation and the fuzzy generality interrelations (“broader than” and “narrower than” interrelations). The model has been implemented in the FISS metasearcher (Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Searcher) that, using a soft-clustering algorithm (based on the SISC algorithm), dynamically produces a hierarchical structure of groups of “conceptually related” documents (snippets of web pages, in this case)

How is environmental proactivity accomplished? Drivers and barriers in firms' pro-environmental change process

The contaminating effects of economic activity and the scarcity of natural resources has led firms to a situation in which corporate strategy has been compromised by environmental issues. The objective of this paper is to analyse some of the factors determining the pro-environmental change process by considering the drivers encouraging firms to progress in environmental protection and the barriers that curb this progress. Using a structural equation model implemented on a sample of 303 firms, our results confirm a direct and positive effect of stakeholder pressure and of the expectations of obtaining competitive advantages from the pro-environmental change process. The results also confirmed the indirect effect of stakeholder pressure on pro-environmental change through managers'' expectations of obtaining competitive advantages, which play a mediating role in the firm''s response. Although managers interpret the barriers we have studied as obstacles to adopting environmental protection measures, they do not prevent any firm from reaching advanced levels of pro-environmental change

Reflexión acerca de la visión de la Gestión Integral de vulnerabilidad por desabastecimiento de agua en zona rural de Colombia

(Eng) The present review article refers to the management and baking processes to deal with environmental problems, specifically those that have to do with risk by water supply in rural areas, making an analysis of the integral management of water, the different international and national approaches, to reach the approach in Colombia and how the country welcomes these global guidelines for the proper management of water; It also proposes the analysis of three concepts that make it possible to complement IWRM, as a central approach that promotes multiple convergences from the academic sphere, such as adaptive management, resilience and governance to strengthen the systemic approach required in the management of water under the premise of sustainability. As a conseq uence of this analysis, the microbasin is considered as a socioecosystem given the intrinsic characteristics to provide water for different uses, being adversely affected by climatic anomalies, which deserves an analysis of the vulnerability of supply micr obasins to climate change and climate variability to make a critical approach to the problems in the region in terms of management.(Spa) El presente artículo de revisión refiere a los procesos de gestión y panificación para hacer frente a problemáticas ambientales, específicamente a las que tienen que ver con la vulnerabilidad por abastecimiento de agua en las zonas rurales, haciendo un a nálisis a la gestión integral del agua, los diferentes abordajes internacionales y nacionales, para llegar al contexto nacional de Colombia y como acoge el país estos lineamientos mundiales en procura de la gestión apropiada del agua , se propone también el análisis de tres conceptos que permiten complementar la Gestión Integral del Recurso Hídrico (GIRH), como planteamiento central que promueve convergencias múltiples desde el ámbito académico como lo son: La gestión adaptativa, la resiliencia y la gober nanza para fortalecer el abordaje sistémico requerido en el manejo del agua bajo la premisa de sostenibilidad. Como consecuencia de este analisis se plantea la microcuenca como un socioecosistema dadas las características intrínsecas para proveer agua para diferentes usos, siendo estas afectadas adversamente por las anomalías climáticas lo cual merece un analisis de la vulnerabilidad de microcuencas abastecedoras ante el cambio climático y la variabilidad climática para hacer un planteamiento critico de la problemática en la región en términos de gestión

Inhibiting behavior of nitrites in corrosion of reinforcing steel in basic solutions simulating the electrolytic environments of micropores concrete in the initiation period

Measurements of the corrosion rate of corrugated steel bars have been carried out in solutions simulating electrolitic chloride enviroments in the micropores of concrete in the initiation period. It has been studied the effect of sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor when added to the mentioned solutions. The solutions for the experiments were prepared by addition of different volumes of FeCl2 0.2 M into a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide until the target pH was reached in each case. This is the soluble compound produced during the corrosion of steel as a result of chloride attack.. It has been observed a significant improvement in using nitrite as inhibiting agent in these systems, but its efficiency decreases when the pH is reduced. The corrosion seems to be related to the [Cl - ]/[OH - ] ratio in three different regions of pH identified from acid to alkaline pH value

Espondilitis tuberculosa no es una metástasis vertebral: diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento quirúrgico. A propósito de un caso

Presentamos el caso de una paciente con dorsalgia y clínica neurológica de varios meses de evolución que ante las pruebas de imagen fue erróneamente diagnosticada de metástasis vertebral sin confirmación previa con biopsia. El deterioro progresivo neurológico y las nuevas pruebas de imagen confirmaron el diagnóstico de tuberculosis vertebral. La paciente fue tratada mediante curetaje, desbridamiento, fusión intersomática y osteosíntesis anterior además del tratamiento médico. Hubo una recuperación neurológica de la función sensitiva, motora y esfinteriana prácticamente completa al mes de la intervención. Tras 20 meses de evolución la paciente está asintomática sin evidencia de progresión de la enfermedadWe report a patient with back pain and neurological symptoms several months of evolution to the test image was wrongly diagnosed with spinal metastases without prior confirmation with biopsy. The progressive deterioration of neurological and new imaging confirmed the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis. The patient was treated by curettage, debridement, anterior interbody fusion and internal fixation in addition to medical treatment. There neurological recovery of sensory function, motor and sphincter almost complete month after the intervention. After 20 months of evolution, the patient is asymptomatic without evidence of disease progressio