Are Those Who Bring Work Home Really Working Longer Hours? Implications for BLS Productivity Measures

An ongoing debate surrounding BLS productivity data is that official labor productivity measures may be overstating productivity growth because of an increase in unmeasured hours worked outside the traditional workplace. This paper uses both the ATUS and May CPS Work Schedules and Work at Home Supplements to determine whether the number of hours worked by nonfarm business employees are underestimated and increasing over time due to unmeasured hours worked at home. We find that 8 - 9 percent of nonfarm business employees bring some work home from the workplace. In addition, those who bring work home report working longer hours than those who work exclusively in a workplace, resulting in a 0.8 – 1.1 percent understatement of measured hours worked. However, we find no conclusive evidence that productivity trends were biased over the 1997-2005 period due to work brought home from the workplace.Work at Home, Productivity, Time Use

A study of the flowering plants of the Plymouth-Bridgeport area of Amador and El Dorado counties, California

Not until 1933 did the classification of Amador\u27s flowering plants appeal to him as a project for future study. In that year, he had his first class in Taxonomic Botany at the University of California. Collecting hin this territory was a definite advantage to him as his acquaintance with the land owners enabled him to trespass and collect without question. HIs acquaintance with the territory also made it possible for him to know where many specimens of infrequent occurrence were to be found. Had he been unfamiliar with the territory certainly many of these would have been missed. This thesis represents the fulfillment of an idea almost ten years old. Its completion is largely a result of the timely counsel, inspiration and encouragement extended by Dr. E. E. Stanford, Professor of Botany at the College of the Pacific. The specimens collected have been contributed to the College of the Pacific Herbarium, of which it forms a permanent part. It is his hope that this collection may be of value to the college. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The purpose of this study was to collect and classify all the flowering plants, grasses excluded, that occur in the Plymouth-Bridgeport Area of Amador and El Dorado Counties, California. Data are presented as to location, habitat, elevation, collection date, and economic importance because of use by the populace of that area. TERRITORY The territory covered extends from the Amador-Sacramento County line at an elevation of 220 feet to a point fifteen miles east of Plymouth at an elevation of 3000 feet. Collections were made in both Amador and El Dorado Counties. Trips extended up the Cosumne River, boundary line of Amador and El Dorado Counties, covering adjoining territory to a distance of five miles north and south of the river. Hence, the territory covered in this study includes a strip of land ten miles wide and thirty miles long, the Cosumne River running from east to west down through the center of the area. COLLECTION DATES Collection dates extended February to July, 1942. The author covered the territory at frequent intervals in an effort to make the specimen collection as complete as possible. LIFE ZONES The Life-Zones covered in this study includes the Valley Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, and Sierra Transitions. These will be discussed in the order mentioned. REFERENCE In this study the key to plant families was adapted from Willis Linn Jepson\u27s Manuel of the Flowering Plants of California. (Hereafter referred to as Jepson.) This reference was used for the classification of all specimens collected in this study. SPECIMEN ARRANGEMENT In this study the families and genera and species within the families were arranged alphabetically rather than according to Jepson. This was done for convenience in working with and referring to the specimens collected

Brick Versus Earth: The Construction and Destruction of Confederate Seacoast Forts Pulaski and McAllister, Georgia

The United States government created America\u27s third coastal defense system during the early-to-mid nineteenth century based upon the recommendations of the Board of Engineers of 1816. The engineers of 1816 believed the most economical means of protecting America was the construction of large, permanent forts along key areas of America\u27s coast. Union forces under Brigadier General Quincy Gillmore seized Fort Pulaski in April of 1862. Pulaski was one of the most formidable forts built under the third system. Gillmore required two months to install the weapons used against Pulaski; most of the time was spent installing smoothbore Columbiads, the standard breaching weapon of the day. Yet the weapons that destroyed Pulaski were lighter, rifled guns. Gillmore attributed the fort\u27s destruction to rifled weapons, and found the smoothbore guns practically worthless during the engagement. All forts built by Southern engineers prior to the fall of Pulaski, prior to the proof of the superiority of rifled weapons over permanent works, were earthen forts. Masonry\u27s obsolescence was not a factor in the decision to build earthen works. The South needed forts immediately, for it faced an enemy that had invaded its soil and established a base on its shores. The change in construction material from masonry to earth was not in response to the recognition of a new threat, the rifled weapon, but because the Confederacy lacked the time and resources to build forts like Pulaski. Earthen forts like Fort McAllister, Georgia, were able to withstand repeated attacks by the United States Navy and emerged unscathed. The largest guns in Federal service, 15 Columbiads, were used on several occasions against McAllister. The fort did not fall until assaulted by a greatly superior land force. Although the lessons provided by earthen forts did not change the immediate future of coastal defenses, they did have an impact later in the nineteenth century. Under the Endicott system of the 1880s, engineers constructed coastal forts as one-tier works with dispersed batteries. The materials used were earth and reinforced concrete. By the tum of the century the impressive forts of the third system were abandoned in favor of the Endicott forts

Simulation of three supersonic transport configurations with the Boeing 367-80 in-flight dynamic simulation airplane

In-flight dynamic simulator used to evaluate problems of low-speed approach and landing of supersonic transpor

The international standards organization (ISO) 9000 series: A competitive pressure for U.S. business

ISO 9000 is becoming an increasingly significant issue for U. S. companies engaged in international business activity. Certification is fast becoming a requirement for companies doing business in Europe and other parts of the worl

Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Animal Research

Although gender differences in attitudes toward animal research have been reported in the literature for some time, exploration into the nature of these differences has received less attention. This article examines gender differences in responses to a survey of attitudes toward the use of animals in research. The survey was completed by college students and consisted of items intended to tap different issues related to the animal research debate. Results indicated that women were more likely than men to support tenets of the animal protection movement. Likewise, women were more likely than men to favor increased restrictions on animal use and were more concerned than men about the suffering of research animals. Analysis of item contents suggested that women endorsed items reflecting a general caring for animals, were more willing than men to make personal sacrifices such as giving up meat and medical benefits in an effort to protect animals, and were more likely than men to question the use of animals in research on scientific grounds. Men, on the other hand, tended to emphasize the potential benefits arising from the use of animals in research

Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Animal Research

Although gender differences in attitudes toward animal research have been reported in the literature for some time, exploration into the nature of these differences has received less attention. This article examines gender differences in responses to a survey of attitudes toward the use of animals in research. The survey was completed by college students and consisted of items intended to tap different issues related to the animal research debate. Results indicated that women were more likely than men to support tenets of the animal protection movement. Likewise, women were more likely than men to favor increased restrictions on animal use and were more concerned than men about the suffering of research animals. Analysis of item contents suggested that women endorsed items reflecting a general caring for animals, were more willing than men to make personal sacrifices such as giving up meat and medical benefits in an effort to protect animals, and were more likely than men to question the use of animals in research on scientific grounds. Men, on the other hand, tended to emphasize the potential benefits arising from the use of animals in research

Operation speed of polariton condensate switches gated by excitons

We present a time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) study in real- and momentum-space of a polariton condensate switch in a quasi-1D semiconductor microcavity. The polariton flow across the ridge is gated by excitons inducing a barrier potential due to repulsive interactions. A study of the device operation dependence on the power of the pulsed gate beam obtains a satisfactory compromise for the ON/OFF-signal ratio and -switching time of the order of 0.3 and $\thicksim50$ ps, respectively. The opposite transition is governed by the long-lived gate excitons, consequently the OFF/ON-switching time is $\thicksim200$ ps, limiting the overall operation speed of the device to $\thicksim3$ GHz. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, taking into account incoherent pumping, decay and energy relaxation within the condensate.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure