Free Vibration Analysis of a Rectangular Duct with Different Axial Boundary Conditions

3This paper describes the free vibration analysis of a rectangular duct by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Static beam functions are used as admissible functions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method. These basis functions are the static solutions of a point-supported beam under a series of sinusoidal loads. The unique advantage of using this method is that it allows for the consideration of different axial boundary conditions of a duct. Computational results are validated with existing literature data for a simply supported rectangular duct and the finite element method (FEM) for other axial boundary conditions. A validated analytical model is used for generating natural frequency data for different dimensions of rectangular ducts. Further curve fitting has been done for the generated data, and an empirical relation has been presented to calculate the first fundamental natural frequency for different material properties of ducts and different axial boundary conditions, which can be used for any dimensions of the duct within the specified range

Influence of Waterlogging on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Ragi and Rice Roots

Effect of different durations of waterlogging (4, 8 and 12 days) stress on carbohydrate status and activities of some related enzymes in ragi and rice roots was studied. In both ragi and rice roots there was decrease in starch and total sugar content in response to waterlogging conditions. Activity of α amylase was decrease in ragi roots while opposite trend was noticed in case of rice roots. The activity of pyruvate kinase was markedly increased due to 4, 8 and 12 days waterlogging in ragi roots while such increase was noticed in rice roots due to 12 days stress. Treatment of waterlogging caused enhancement in the activity of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase in the roots of both ragi and rice

Cloud Computing: Platform and Applications

Cloud computing is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data and information rather than a local server or a personal computer. Cloud computing is a better way to run your business. Instead of running your apps yourself, they run on a shared data center. The actual term cloud borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering ldquo;VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)rdquo; services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure. Cost is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using. Itrsquo;s a new era Technology which is famous in Different areas like Business, Education, medical research etc. In this paper we are introducing some applications of cloud Computing such as email,virtual application access,e-learning,backup of online data,with the areas where we can implement these application., we are also focused on real time appliactios of cloud computing. In this paper we focused on different service models of cloud computing such as SAAS,PAAS,IAAS.In Infrastrure as services we have explained private,public, hybrid,distributed,community cloud

Assessment of user needs of primary biodiversity data: Analysis, concerns, and challenges

A Content Needs Assessment (CNA) survey has been conducted in order to determine what GBIF-mediated data users may be using, what they would be using if available, and what they need in terms of primary biodiversity data records. The survey was launched in 2009 in six languages, and collected more than 700 individual responses. Analysis of the responses showed some lack of awareness about the availability of accessible primary data, and pointed out some types of data in high demand for linking to distribution and taxonomical data now derived from the GBIF cache. A notable example was linkages to molecular data. Also, the CNA survey uncovered some biases in the design of user needs surveys, by showing demographic and linguistic effects that may have influenced the distribution of responses received in analogous surveys conducted at the global scale

The transcriptomic evolution of mammalian pregnancy:gene expression innovations in endometrial stromal fibroblasts

The endometrial stromal fibroblast (ESF) is a cell type present in the uterine lining of therian mammals. In the stem lineage of eutherian mammals, ESF acquired the ability to differentiate into decidual cells in order to allow embryo implantation. We call the latter cell type “neo-ESF” in contrast to “paleo-ESF” which is homologous to eutherian ESF but is not able to decidualize. In this study, we compare the transcriptomes of ESF from six therian species: Opossum (Monodelphis domestica; paleo-ESF), mink, rat, rabbit, human (all neo-ESF), and cow (secondarily nondecidualizing neo-ESF). We find evidence for strong stabilizing selection on transcriptome composition suggesting that the expression of approximately 5,600 genes is maintained by natural selection. The evolution of neo-ESF from paleo-ESF involved the following gene expression changes: Loss of expression of genes related to inflammation and immune response, lower expression of genes opposing tissue invasion, increased markers for proliferation as well as the recruitment of FOXM1, a key gene transiently expressed during decidualization. Signaling pathways also evolve rapidly and continue to evolve within eutherian lineages. In the bovine lineage, where invasiveness and decidualization were secondarily lost, we see a re-expression of genes found in opossum, most prominently WISP2, and a loss of gene expression related to angiogenesis. The data from this and previous studies support a scenario, where the proinflammatory paleo-ESF was reprogrammed to express anti-inflammatory genes in response to the inflammatory stimulus coming from the implanting conceptus and thus paving the way for extended, trans-cyclic gestation

The fishery, biology and stock assessment of jew fish resources of India

Sciaenids are one of the major component of the demersal trawl The total catch of this resource during 1990-94 period was 1.50,142 t contributing 8.86% to the demersal catch of India. A number of species are found in different states of India. Of which biological and stock assessment studies were made on eleven important species. Crustaceans and fish appear to be the chief food in Juvenile and adult stage respectively. Most of the species have a protracted spawning season. Among all the species studied the largest asymptotic length was estimated for O.ruber from Tuticorin and the smallest for J. sina from Cochin. The highest Z of 7.59 was recorded for K. axillaris from Chennai and the lowest was for O. cuvierifrom Mumbai. The average exploitation rate (E) and the Lc/ Lao was 0.62 and 0.53 respectively. The present yield is 91.222 t and the MSY is 1.42,613 t for all the species taken together. The exploitation rate for almost all the stocks in the states appears to be more than the optimum leve

Deep U band and R imaging of GOODS-South: Observations,data reduction and first results

We present deep imaging in the {\em U} band covering an area of 630 arcmin$^{2}$ centered on the southern field of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). The data were obtained with the VIMOS instrument at the ESO Very Large Telescope. The final images reach a magnitude limit $U_{lim} \approx 29.8$ (AB, 1$\sigma$, in a 1\arcsec radius aperture), and have good image quality, with full width at half maximum \approx 0.8\arcsec. They are significantly deeper than previous U--band images available for the GOODS fields, and better match the sensitivity of other multi--wavelength GOODS photometry. The deeper U--band data yield significantly improved photometric redshifts, especially in key redshift ranges such as $2<z<4$, and deeper color--selected galaxy samples, e.g., Lyman--break galaxies at $z\approx 3$. We also present the coaddition of archival ESO VIMOS R band data, with $R_{lim} \approx 29$ (AB, 1$\sigma$, 1\arcsec radius aperture), and image quality \approx 0.75 \arcsec. We discuss the strategies for the observations and data reduction, and present the first results from the analysis of the coadded images.Comment: Accepted for publication ApJS, 54 pages, 27 figures. Released data and full-quality paper version available at http://archive.eso.org/cms/eso-data/data-packages/goods-vimos-imaging-data-release-version-1.