What price advice?

"Ever time you brush our teeth; every time you fill our petrol tank; every time you shop at the supermarket virtually every time that you spend money - somebody is making money. Why not share in the profits they make off you?" That sentence was the injection of my passion for equities 40 years ago.peer-reviewe

Can the ileocecal valve point predict low back pain using manual muscle testing?

Background: According to some technique groups in chiropractic the ileocecal valve may malfunction and be associated with a large array of health problems that can lead to common chronic health issues prevalent in our society. Many tests commonly used in chiropractic are presumed to identify painful and/or dysfunctional anatomical structures, yet many have undemonstrated reliability. Despite this lack of evidence, they form the basis of many clinical decisions. One cornerstone procedure that is frequently used by chiropractors involves the use of manual muscle testing for diagnostic purposes not considered orthopaedic in nature. A point of the body referred to as the ileocecal valve point is said to indicate the presence of low back pain. This procedure is widely used in Applied Kinesiology (AK) and Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET) chiropractic practice. Objective: To determine if correlation of tenderness of the "ileocecal valve point" can predict low back pain in sufferers with and without low back pain. It was the further aim to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the procedure. Methods: One hundred (100) subjects with and without low back pain were recruited. Subjects first completed information about their pain status, then the practitioner performed the muscle testing procedure in a separate room. The practitioner provided either a yes or no response to a research assistant as to whether he had determined if the subject had back pain based on the muscle test procedure. Results: Of 67 subjects who reported low back pain, 58 (86.6%) reported a positive test of both low back pain and ICV point test. Of 33 subjects, 32 (97.0%) with no back pain positively reported no response to ICV point test. Nine (9) subjects (13.4%) reported false negative ICV tests and low back pain, and 1 subject (3%) reported a false positive response for ICV test and no low back pain. Conclusion: The majority of subjects with low back pain reported positive ileocecal valve testing, and all but one of the subjects without low back pain reported negative ileocecal valve testing. The application of ileocecal valve testing as a diagnostic measure of low back pain was found to have excellent measures of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic competency. This study confirms that the use of this test within the limitations of this study is reliably associated with the presence of low back pain. Further testing is required to investigate all aspects of the diagnostic milieu commonly used by proponents of this form of diagnostic testing

REQUIREMENTS FOR CHIROPRACTORS INVOLVED AS OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSULTANTS IN AUSTRALIA

A literature review was conducted to determine significant factors for chiropractors progressing towards classification as an Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) consultant in Australia

A web-based survey of the motivations and challenges faced by emerging researchers in the chiropractic profession

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the motivations, challenges and perceptions of the educational environment of emerging researchers in chiropractic. METHODS: A descriptive web-based survey of higher-degree chiropractic research students was performed between October and November 2013. The survey consisted of open and closed questions and the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure. RESULTS: Twenty-two students currently enrolled in a higher-degree research program participated. Students were most commonly enrolled in a doctor of philosophy program at a part-time rate. Motivations of research were desire to improve the clinical care aspects of chiropractic for the public and belief that chiropractic research is lacking. The greatest challenges were the negative attitudes towards chiropractic, finding enough time to do everything required, and feelings of isolation. The higher-degree research educational environment was perceived to be more positive than negative, with the stimulating nature of research a positive feature. A negative feature of the educational environment was poor undergraduate preparation for higher-degree research. CONCLUSION: This study is the first study to describe higher-degree chiropractic research students. Primary motivations included building research, while challenges included not only negative attitudes toward the chiropractic profession but also negative attitudes toward researchers from within the profession. The higher-degree research educational environment was perceived to be positive. By acknowledging the issues that surround emerging researchers in chiropractic, the profession is better placed to foster academics and build research capacity

The influence of a biopsychosocial-based treatment approach to primary overt hypothyroidism: A protocol for a pilot study

Background Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine condition. Individuals with this disease are commonly managed through supplementation with synthetic thyroid hormone, with the aim of alleviating symptoms and restoring normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Generally this management strategy is effective and well tolerated. However, there is research to suggest that a significant proportion of hypothyroid sufferers are being inadequately managed. Furthermore, hypothyroid patients are more likely to have a decreased sense of well-being and more commonly experience constitutional and neuropsychiatric complaints, even with pharmacological intervention. The current management of hypothyroidism follows a biomedical model. Little consideration has been given to a biopsychosocial approach to this condition. Within the chiropractic profession there is growing support for the use of a biopsychosocial-based intervention called Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET) for this population. Methods/Design A placebo-controlled, single-blinded, randomised clinical pilot-trial has been designed to assess the influence of Neuro-Emotional Technique on a population with primary overt hypothyroidism. A sample of 102 adults (≥18 years) who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomised to either a treatment group or a placebo group. Each group will receive ten treatments (NET or placebo) over a six week period, and will be monitored for six months. The primary outcome will involve the measurement of depression using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). The secondary outcome measures to be used are; serum thyroid stimulating hormone, serum free-thyroxine, serum free-triiodothyronine, serum thyroid peroxidase auto-antibodies, serum thyroglobulin auto-antibodies as well as the measurement of functional health and well-being using the Short-Form-36 Version 2. The emotional states of anxiety and stress will be measured using the DASS. Self-measurement of basal heart rate and basal temperature will also be included among the secondary outcome measures. The primary and secondary measures will be obtained at commencement, six weeks and six months. Measures of basal heart rate and basal temperature will be obtained daily for the six month trial period, with recording to commence one week prior to the intervention. Discussion The study will provide information on the influence of NET when added to existing management regimens in individuals with primary overt hypothyroidism

Production of Diplodia scrobiculata and Diplodia pinea pycnidia on ground Austrian pine needle agar medium

The in vitro production of fruiting structures represents an important tool for the morphological identification of fungal genera or species. It is also important for the controlled production of spores to be used in experiments. However, some fungal species do not readily sporulate in pure culture. In the present study we induced the production of pycnidia of Diplodia scrobiculata and D. pinea, two species recalcitrant to sporulation in pure culture, by growing them on two media containing ground Austrian pine needle. The two fungal species grew equally rapidly on both media and pycnidial primordia were produced on the medium surface after only 4 days at room temperature. Conidia matured in less than two weeks and their germination rate at 25°C was about 96%, indicating high viability