Wybory popkultury. Relacje kultury popularnej z polityką, ideologią i społeczeństwem

Na tom "Wybory popkultury. Relacje kultury popularnej z polityką, ideologią i społeczeństwem" pod redakcją Kamili Kowalczyk i Joanny Płoszaj składa się dziewięć tekstów, napisanych przed badaczy reprezentujących różne dziedziny humanistyki. Poniżej prezentujemy spis treści, a zainteresowanych zapraszamy do pobrania publikacji.Szymon Makuc

Developing training for teachers to support the inclusion in education of pupils with autism spectrum disorder in Eastern Europe and the Balkans

Introduction: Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder, impacting approximately 1% of the population. Education has been identified as a key intervention for such children. However, due to the wide spectrum of autism, no single educational approach is appropriate for all, and teachers need a range of skills and strategies. Providing such education is challenging across Europe, and particularly so in Central/Eastern Europe and the Balkans, where previous research has identified a shortfall in training. Methodology: This overall project is being carried out utilising a collaborative, action-based and stakeholder-empowering methodology, and is being undertaken in four overlapping phases. The training materials and the training process will be evaluated using a combined process and outcome evaluation methodology (Royse et al., 2016). This will include the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Results/Activity to date: Project activity to date has focused on the mapping the ‘state of the art’ regarding existing models and practice regarding teacher education in ASD, as well as identifying the current knowledge, attitudes and training needs of teachers. Academics from the University of Northampton in the UK, the lead partner in the ASD-EAST project, have reviewed the literature regarding teacher education in ASD generally, while partners from Croatia, North Macedonia and Poland have led on reviewing local policy and practice on this topic. Conclusions:Initial analysis of the mapping activity has demonstrated that teachers across all three countries lack knowledge about intervention and educational methods in autism, and that they have a strong desire for training regarding practical strategies that are applicable to their work settings. This identifies the value of the project, and suggests that such training could bring about positive change for teachers and learners alike

Training needs in the field of autism of contemporary Polish teachers in the context of the international ASD-EAST project

The paper presents results of the part of international survey on teachers’ opinion on autism characteristics and specific educational approach and treatment. Research was undertaken in Poland under the auspicies of ASD-EAST project using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed the significant differences in teachers’ perception on autism regarding to the school settings they worked in. The strong need for special training in the field of ASD was also expressed by teachers

ASD-EAST Programme Evaluation Report

This document reports the key findings of the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnership Autism Spectrum Disorder – Empowering and Supporting Teachers (ASD-EAST) (Grant 2018-1-UK01-KA201-047872). ASD-EAST was established to begin to address an identified shortfall in teacher knowledge and training regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and focused on developing appropriate training to support teachers to effectively include learners with ASD in education within Central/Eastern Europe and the Balkans. The project was carried out between September 2018 and August 2020. Its specific focus was on the development of training for specialist primary age range teachers (in both special school and mainstream/inclusive settings). The materials were developed and tested in three counties: Croatia, the Republic of North Macedonia (hereafter referred to as North Macedonia) and Poland

Między wzniosłością a upodleniem. Obrazowanie oraz znaczenie śmierci w fantasy przygodowej i mitopoetyckiej

 Literary images and functions of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasyThis article presents and compares methods of description of death in two primary variants of fantasy literature: sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy. The focus is on works of the precursors of  fantasy literature — Robert E. Howard Conan the Barbarian series and John R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings, Silmarillion, and texts of authors who creatively developed two primary types of fantasy literature — Fritz Leiber Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser cycle and Ursula K. Le Guin Earthsea cycle.The analysis is divided into two parts. The first one describes methods of presentation of death and their functions in sword and sorcery literature. In this variant of fantasy many literary images of death can be found, which focus particularly on its biological aspects. The next part shows analogical elements in mythopoeic fantasy, where the descriptions of death are inspired by the medieval chansons de geste.The article shows important differences between methods of presenting of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy and between functions of death in this two primary types of fantasy literature. In sword and sorcery the descriptions of death have great importance in the adventure plot structure, because they are connected with activities and adventures of the main character. In mythopoeic fantasy the kind of a  character’s death often shows moral condition of this character. Moreover, death in mythopoeic fantasy is important for the balance and stability of created world. Literary images and functions of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasyThis article presents and compares methods of description of death in two primary variants of fantasy literature: sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy. The focus is on works of the precursors of  fantasy literature — Robert E. Howard Conan the Barbarian series and John R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings, Silmarillion, and texts of authors who creatively developed two primary types of fantasy literature — Fritz Leiber Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser cycle and Ursula K. Le Guin Earthsea cycle.The analysis is divided into two parts. The first one describes methods of presentation of death and their functions in sword and sorcery literature. In this variant of fantasy many literary images of death can be found, which focus particularly on its biological aspects. The next part shows analogical elements in mythopoeic fantasy, where the descriptions of death are inspired by the medieval chansons de geste.The article shows important differences between methods of presenting of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy and between functions of death in this two primary types of fantasy literature. In sword and sorcery the descriptions of death have great importance in the adventure plot structure, because they are connected with activities and adventures of the main character. In mythopoeic fantasy the kind of a character’s death often shows moral condition of this character. Moreover, death in mythopoeic fantasy is important for the balance and stability of created world

Dziewica w potrzasku, seksualna niewolnica i demon w ludzkiej skórze. Mechanizmy kreowania kobiety w roli obiektu erotycznego na przykładzie Achai Andrzeja Ziemiańskiego

This article presents an analysis of methods used by Andrzej Ziemiański in his novel Achaja to create a female character. The main character of the novel is the eponymous Achaja, a princess of the fictional kingdom called Troy. Although she is presented as a strong heroin dealing with all sorts of adversities, in fact she can’t make decisions for herself. The article presents three stereotypical figures of femininity reflected in the main character at various stages of the novel: a damsel in distress, a sexual slave and a femme fatale. The analysis shows that the protagonist is defined by her sexual attractiveness and that she is created as an erotic object. W artykule przedstawiona została analiza sposobów kreacji kobiecości w powieści Achaja Andrzeja Ziemiańskiego. Główną bohaterką utworu jest tytułowa Achaja, księżniczka fikcyjnego królestwa Troy, zdegradowana w wyniku intryg macochy i zmuszona do życia w warunkach, do jakich nie była nigdy przygotowywana. Mimo że Achaja kreowana jest na silną bohaterkę, radzącą sobie ze wszelkimi przeciwnościami, można zauważyć, iż w gruncie rzeczy zostaje pozbawiona możliwości decydowania o sobie. Artykuł przedstawia trzy stereotypowe figury kobiecości, które w kolejnych etapach rozwoju fabularnych zdarzeń realizuje protagonistka powieści: niewinności uciśnionej, seksualnej niewolnicy oraz femme fatale. Analiza ukazuje, że bohaterkę określa przede wszystkim jej atrakcyjność seksualna i protagonistka jest kreowana jako obiekt erotyczny

Brutalizacja świata przedstawionego w polskiej literaturze fantasy w perspektywie kulturowej teorii literatury. Konteksty i propozycje badawcze

Artykuł przedstawia próbę rozpatrzenia zagadnień związanych z brutalizacją polskiej literatury fantasy oraz prezentowanych w niej światów z punktu widzenia kulturowej teorii literatury. W tekście przeanalizowane zostały kulturowe konteksty tego zjawiska, takie jak izolacja polskiej fantasy w początkach jej istnienia od wzorców rozwijanych na gruncie anglosaskim, tabuizacja śmierci naturalnej w przestrzeni publicznej, prowadząca do pornografizacji przedstawień przemocy oraz śmierci w kulturze popularnej, czy kulturowy aspekt opisów ciała doświadczającego przemocy. Podkreślenie relacji literatury z kontekstami pozaliterackimi pozwala zauważyć, że polska literatura fantasy częściowo przejęła funkcję marginalizowanych w polskiej kulturze tekstów grozy.This article attempts to analyze the brutalization of Polish fantasy literature using cultural literary theory. This article shows cultural contexts that influence the brutalization of Polish fantasy literature and the worlds it creates: isolation from English literature influences the beginnings, especially the taboo of natural death in the public space, resulting in very graphic, almost pornographic images, and the cultural aspect of literary descriptions of bodies experiencing violence. Emphasizing the relationship between literature and its non-literary contexts leads to the conclusion that Polish fantasy literature in part took over some functions of horror works, which are marginalized in Polish culture

Krew i brud. Uwagi na temat estetyki oraz poetyki opisów śmierci w cyklu o wiedźminie Andrzeja Sapkowskiego

Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher series is the first Polish fantasy series that has gained so much popularity. When Sapkowski published his first story — The Witcher — in 1986, fantasy literature wasn’t well-known in Poland. In fact Polish readers, who were interested in fantasy, would mainly know John R.R. Tolkien’s novels like The Hobbit, Or Thete and Back Again, The Lord of the Rings or Silmarillion, all belonging to mythopoeic fantasy. Sapkowski’s story was vastly different from them, because the Polish author referred to sword and sorcery literature, which at that time was little-known in Poland. He created an interesting protagonist and a dark, vicious world, full of violence and graphic descriptions of death. It appears that one of the main factors having an influence on the huge popularity of the series, may be the attempt to shock the reader by using a unique construction of the presented world, which contains a lot of graphic violent imagery. This article presents those methods of description of death and violence in The Witcher series to present why they are so interesting to the readers and what makes them stand out from the rest of similar descriptions in Polish fantasy literature. The analysis is divided into several parts. The first part presents the influence of Sapkowski’s debut story on Polish fantasy literature. The second part contains the analysis of the dynamics of descriptions of death. The third and the fourth focus on showing the individualisation of death in The Witcher series and on detail exposure. The next part presents the narrative treatments used by Sapkowski to increase the impact of the literary images of death, for example changes of a narrative perspective. The last part of the article presents naturalistic elements of the descriptions and explains what functions they perform in the text.Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher series is the first Polish fantasy series that has gained so much popularity. When Sapkowski published his first story — The Witcher — in 1986, fantasy literature wasn’t well-known in Poland. In fact Polish readers, who were interested in fantasy, would mainly know John R.R. Tolkien’s novels like The Hobbit, Or Thete and Back Again, The Lord of the Rings or Silmarillion, all belonging to mythopoeic fantasy. Sapkowski’s story was vastly different from them, because the Polish author referred to sword and sorcery literature, which at that time was little-known in Poland. He created an interesting protagonist and a dark, vicious world, full of violence and graphic descriptions of death. It appears that one of the main factors having an influence on the huge popularity of the series, may be the attempt to shock the reader by using a unique construction of the presented world, which contains a lot of graphic violent imagery. This article presents those methods of description of death and violence in The Witcher series to present why they are so interesting to the readers and what makes them stand out from the rest of similar descriptions in Polish fantasy literature. The analysis is divided into several parts. The first part presents the influence of Sapkowski’s debut story on Polish fantasy literature. The second part contains the analysis of the dynamics of descriptions of death. The third and the fourth focus on showing the individualisation of death in The Witcher series and on detail exposure. The next part presents the narrative treatments used by Sapkowski to increase the impact of the literary images of death, for example changes of a narrative perspective. The last part of the article presents naturalistic elements of the descriptions and explains what functions they perform in the text