901 research outputs found

    The dual transcriptional regulator CysR in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 controls a subset of genes of the McbR regulon in response to the availability of sulphide acceptor molecules

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    Background: Regulation of sulphur metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 has been studied intensively in the last few years, due to its industrial as well as scientific importance. Previously, the gene cg0156 was shown to belong to the regulon of McbR, a global transcriptional repressor of sulphur metabolism in C. glutamicum. This gene encodes a putative ROK-type regulator, a paralogue of the activator of sulphonate utilisation, SsuR. Therefore, it is an interesting candidate for study to further the understanding of the regulation of sulphur metabolism in C. glutamicum. Results: Deletion of cg0156, now designated cysR, results in the inability of the mutant to utilise sulphate and aliphatic sulphonates. DNA microarray hybridisations revealed 49 genes with significantly increased and 48 with decreased transcript levels in presence of the native CysR compared to a cysR deletion mutant. Among the genes positively controlled by CysR were the gene cluster involved in sulphate reduction, fpr2 cysIXHDNYZ, and ssuR. Gel retardation experiments demonstrated that binding of CysR to DNA depends in vitro on the presence of either O-acetyl-L-serine or O-acetyl-L-homoserine. Mapping of the transcription start points of five transcription units helped to identify a 10 bp inverted repeat as the possible CysR binding site. Subsequent in vivo tests proved this motif to be necessary for CysR-dependent transcriptional regulation. Conclusion: CysR acts as the functional analogue of the unrelated LysR-type regulator CysB from Escherichia coli, controlling sulphide production in response to acceptor availability. In both bacteria, gene duplication events seem to have taken place which resulted in the evolution of dedicated regulators for the control of sulphonate utilisation. The striking convergent evolution of network topology indicates the strong selective pressure to control the metabolism of the essential but often toxic sulphur-containing (bio-)molecules

    Comparative genomic analysis of Acinetobacter spp. plasmids originating from clinical settings and environmental habitats

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    Bacteria belonging to the genus Acinetobacter have become of clinical importance over the last decade due to the development of a multi-resistant phenotype and their ability to survive under multiple environmental conditions. The development of these traits among Acinetobacter strains occurs frequently as a result of plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. In this work, plasmids from nosocomial and environmental Acinetobacter spp. collections were separately sequenced and characterized. Assembly of the sequenced data resulted in 19 complete replicons in the nosocomial collection and 77 plasmid contigs in the environmental collection. Comparative genomic analysis showed that many of them had conserved backbones. Plasmid coding sequences corresponding to plasmid specific functions were bioinformatically and functionally analyzed. Replication initiation protein analysis revealed the predominance of the Rep_3 superfamily. The phylogenetic tree constructed from all Acinetobacter Rep_3 superfamily plasmids showed 16 intermingled clades originating from nosocomial and environmental habitats. Phylogenetic analysis of relaxase proteins revealed the presence of a new sub-clade named MOBQAci, composed exclusively of Acinetobacter relaxases. Functional analysis of proteins belonging to this group showed that they behaved differently when mobilized using helper plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups.Fil: Salto, Ileana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Torres Tejerizo, Gonzalo Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; Argentina. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Wibberg, Daniel. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: PĂŒhler, Alfred. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: SchlĂŒter, Andreas. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Pistorio, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de BiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; Argentin

    Gene disruption and gene replacement in Streptomyces via single stranded DNA transformation of integration vectors

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    Hillemann D, PĂŒhler A, Wohlleben W. Gene disruption and gene replacement in Streptomyces via single stranded DNA transformation of integration vectors. Nucleic Acids Research. 1991;19(4):727-731.For the isolation of single stranded plasmid DNA, various E. coli and E. coli- Streptomyces shuttle plasmids were equipped with the f1 replication origin. The transformation of some representative Streptomyces species with plasmid vectors occurred irrespective of whether single or double stranded DNA was used. In contrast, the transformation of Streptomyces was 10 to 100 times more efficient when an integration vector was in the single stranded form as opposed to the double stranded form. Streptomyces viridochromogenes was transformed by single stranded DNA integration vectors in order to replace the pat by the tsr gene and generate mutants unable to synthesize phosphinothricin - tripeptide (PTT)

    Electrotransformation of intact and osmotically sensitive cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum

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    Wolf H, PĂŒhler A, Neumann E. Electrotransformation of intact and osmotically sensitive cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 1989;30(3):283-289

    Funny games : SpielrÀume des Sadomasochismus in Film und Medien

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    "FUNNY GAMES. SpielrĂ€ume des Sadomasochismus in Film und Medien" ist der Versuch, eine Geschichte medialer Schmerzlust zu rekonstruieren – in etwa von 1789 bis heute. Neben klassischer SM-Literatur sind es Spielfilme wie VIDEODROME (1983), FALSCHER BEKENNER (2005), THE HURT LOCKER (2008) oder SHORTBUS (2006), in denen modernes Schmerzlust-Empfinden und -Begehren offenbar wird. Die Untersuchung richtet sich dabei auf Konzepte technoimaginĂ€rer Wunsch- und Höllenmaschinen, dynamisierte Ich-Apparate, wie sie Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Leopold und Wanda von Sacher-Masoch, Ernst Kapp, Sigmund Freud, Daniel Paul Schreber, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze und FĂ©lix Guattari, David Cronenberg, Michael Haneke, Kathryn Bigelow u.v.a. im Medienumfeld ihrer Zeit individuell erleben und auf ihre je eigene Art – meist sehr fantasiereich – bearbeiten. Der vorliegende Entwurf, medienarchĂ€ologische Spurensicherung und gleichsam Test-Spiel, ist vor allem eine Einladung zum Mitmachen: Beim obsessiven Durchschreiten virtueller (Alptraum-)Welten und realer Körper negative und positive Lust zu erfahren, sich neuen SinnesreizqualitĂ€ten zu öffnen, um schließlich Mehr-Lust und -Wissen zu erwerben. Anti-Ödipus als interaktives Video(bei)spiel. Als Analysetools haben sich Erkenntnisse aus der (strukturalen) Psychoanalyse, der (technischen) Medienwissenschaft, (Film-)Philosophie, der Gender-, Gewalt-, Fetisch- und (kulturwissenschaftlichen) Spieltheorie als hilfreich erwiesen, um dem Geheimnis und RĂ€tsel sadomasochistischer Schmerzlust – und ihrer crash-Medien – ein wenig nĂ€her zu kommen."FUNNY GAMES. SpielrĂ€ume des Sadomasochismus in Film und Medien" aims to reconstruct a history of pleasure and gratification through pain in the media since the end of the eighteenth century. In addition to classical sado-masochistic literature, the thesis focuses on movies in which modern forms of experiencing and desiring pain such as VIDEODROME (1983), I AM GUILTY (2005), THE HURT LOCKER (2008) and SHORTBUS (2006) manifest themselves. Central to the study are concepts of techno-imaginary wish machines and infernal devices, dynamised ego-apparatuses, that are experienced and expressed through the media of their time by writers, philosophers, psychoanalysts and film directors such as Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Leopold and Wanda von Sacher-Masoch, Ernst Kapp, Sigmund Freud, Daniel Paul Schreber, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze and FĂ©lix Guattari, David Cronenberg, Michael Haneke and Kathryn Bigelow. The present study, an attempt to secure the medial evidence and try it out at the same time, is meant most of all as an invitation to participate: to experience positive desire and lust while obsessively progressing through virtual worlds of dreams and nightmares and the real world of the human body, to open oneself to new experiences in order to gain both new knowledge and new desires. Anti-Oedipus as a textual videogame. The analytical tools employed in this study include findings from (structural) psychoanalysis, media sciences, (movie) philosophy, gender theory, the theory of violence, fetish theory and game theory as applied in cultural studies. They have proven to be very helpful in illuminating at least some aspects of the mystery that is the sado-masochist desire for pain

    Transgenic herbicide-resistant crops: A participatory technology assessment. Summary report

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    This report summarises a participatory technology assessment on transgenic herbicide-resistant crops organised by the Research Unit, Standard Setting and the Environment, at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, between 1991 and 1993. The technology assessment was a round table involving some fifty representatives from industry, environmental groups, regulatory agencies and science in more than ten days of controversial debate and analysis. The first part of this summary report describes the methodology used applied in analysing the deliberations of the technology assessment; the second part presents the empirical findings with respect to the performance, the risks and the benefits of transgenic herbicide-resistant crops; the third part gives an account of the ethical, legal and political discussions held in the technology assessment, as well as the recommendations for regulation advanced by the participants.Dieser Bericht ist die Zusammenfassung eines partizipativen Verfahrens zur TechnikfolgenabschĂ€tzung von Kulturpflanzen mit gentechnisch erzeugter Herbizidresistenz, das von der Abteilung Normbildung und Umwelt am Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin organisiert worden war. Das Verfahren hat von 1991 bis 1993 etwa fĂŒnfzig Vertreter der Industrie, der Umweltgruppen, der zustĂ€ndigen Behörden und der Wissenschaft an einem Runden Tisch versammelt, an dem die Beteiligten insgesamt fast zehn Tage kontrovers miteinander diskutiert haben. Im ersten Teil dieser Zusammenfassung wird das partizipative Verfahren beschrieben und erlĂ€utert, wie aus den Diskussionen zwischen den Beteiligten Ergebnisse fĂŒr die TechnikfolgenabschĂ€tzung abgeleitet wurden. Der zweite Teil enthĂ€lt die empirischen Befunde zu den möglichen Risiken und zum erwartbaren Nutzen transgener herbizid-resistenter Kulturpflanzen. Der dritte Teil stellt die ethischen, rechtlichen und politischen Diskussionen dar, die zwischen den Beteiligten gefĂŒhrt wurden; er enthĂ€lt außerdem die Empfehlungen des Verfahrens zur Regulierung herbizid-resistenter Pflanzen

    Transgenic herbidcide-resistant crops: a participatory technology assessment: summary report

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    "Dieser Bericht ist die Zusammenfassung eines partizipativen Verfahrens zur TechnikfolgenabschĂ€tzung von Kulturpflanzen mit gentechnisch erzeugter Herbizidresistenz, das von der Abteilung 'Normbildung und Umwelt' am Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin organisiert worden war. Das Verfahren hat von 1991 bis 1993 etwa fĂŒnfzig Vertreter der Industrie, der Umweltgruppen, der zustĂ€ndigen Behörden und der Wissenschaft an einem 'Runden Tisch' versammelt, an dem die Beteiligten insgesamt fast zehn Tage kontrovers miteinander diskutiert haben. Im ersten Teil dieser Zusammenfassung wird das partizipative Verfahren beschrieben und erlĂ€utert, wie aus den Diskussionen zwischen den Beteiligten Ergebnisse fĂŒr die TechnikfolgenabschĂ€tzung abgeleitet wurden. Der zweite Teil enthĂ€lt die empirischen Befunde zu den möglichen Risiken und zum erwartbaren Nutzen transgener herbizid-resistenter Kulturpflanzen. Der dritte Teil stellt die ethischen, rechtlichen und politischen Diskussionen dar, die zwischen den Beteiligten gefĂŒhrt wurden; er enthĂ€lt außerdem die Empfehlungen des Verfahrens zur Regulierung herbizid-resistenter Pflanzen." (Autorenreferat)"This report summarises a participatory technology assessment on transgenic herbicide-resistant crops organised by the Research Unit, Standard Setting and the Environment, at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, between 1991 and 1993. The technology assessment was a 'round table' involving some fifty representatives from industry, environmental groups, regulatory agencies and science in more than ten days of controversial debate and analysis. The first part of this summary report describes the methodology used applied in analysing the deliberations of the technology assessment; the second part presents the empirical findings with respect to the performance, the risks and the benefits of transgenic herbicide-resistant crops; the third part gives an account of the ethical, legal and political discussions held in the technology assessment, as well as the recommendations for regulation advanced by the participants." (author's abstract

    Verstetigung des de.NBI-Netzwerks

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    Der Aufbau einer Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur in Deutschland wird vom BMBF seit dem Jahr 2015 betrieben. Dazu wurde die Fördermaßnahme „Deutsches Netzwerk fĂŒr Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur (de.NBI)” (www.denbi.de) ins Leben gerufen mit der Aufgabe, Forschenden in den Lebenswissenschaften die Analyse großer Datenmengen zu ermöglichen. Nach Einrichtung der Infrastrukturbereiche Serviceangebote, Trainingskurse und Cloud-Computing steht nun eine Verstetigung dieser Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur durch Integration in die Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft an. Die Bundesregierung hat hierzu in ihrer jĂŒngsten Finanzplanung dem Forschungszentrum JĂŒlich Finanzmittel zur VerfĂŒgung gestellt, um die etablierte Bioinformatik-Infrastruktur langfristig zu betreiben

    Magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis of aortitis preceding development of a thoracic aneurysm in a patient with giant cell arteritis: a case report

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    Background Inflammatory manifestation in the aortic arch can be a complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA), potentially requiring surgical therapy in the case of aneurysmatic dilatation. Case summary We report the case of a 73-year-old female patient with GCA in whom a typical appearance of arteritis was visualized on magnetic resonance imaging of the superficial temporal arteries. Additionally, ectasia (4.7 cm) of the ascending aorta with a mural rim of increased contrast media uptake was detected at the time of the initial diagnosis, which is an indicator of aortitis. While the diameter had only minimally increased in a computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination after 8 months, a subsequent CTA revealed an increased diameter of 5.8 cm and maximum at the level of the ascending aorta another 22 months later, indicating urgent surgery to replace the ascending aorta. Discussion Magnetic resonance imaging can detect silent, generalized manifestations of GCA such as severe aortitis, which may possibly lead to aneurysmatic dilatation, urging closer follow-up imaging. Detection of the ongoing process and subsequent follow-up imaging protects patients by avoiding rupture
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