A Review of the Occurrence of Bats (Chiroptera) on Islands in the North East Atlantic and on North Sea Installations

The bats recorded from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, and North Sea installations are reviewed to the end of 2012. In total 12 species have been positively identified, while a considerable proportion of all records are sightings of unidentified bats. Eight of the species are European in origin and four originate from the New World. The largest number of species (8) has been recorded in Iceland, but the greatest number of individuals (180) has been found in Orkney. The bat invasion on the Faroe Islands in 2010 is without precedence, when 70 observations of a minimum of 45 individuals were noted. Most bat observations in the study area occurred in the autumn, with fewer in the spring. Most observations were of single animals, but there were also sightings of up to 12 individuals. There has been a marked increase in bat records in the past three decades. We discuss whether this is a real increase, or due to improved communications, increased public awareness, increased shipping, changes in weather patterns and/or the effects of climate change. All factors appear to be involved.© Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS. The attached document is the author(’s’) final accepted/submitted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it

Discovery and functional prioritization of Parkinson's disease candidate genes from large-scale whole exome sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been successful in identifying genes that cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD). However, until now this approach has not been deployed to study large cohorts of unrelated participants. To discover rare PD susceptibility variants, we performed WES in 1148 unrelated cases and 503 control participants. Candidate genes were subsequently validated for functions relevant to PD based on parallel RNA-interference (RNAi) screens in human cell culture and Drosophila and C. elegans models. RESULTS: Assuming autosomal recessive inheritance, we identify 27 genes that have homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in PD cases. Definitive replication and confirmation of these findings were hindered by potential heterogeneity and by the rarity of the implicated alleles. We therefore looked for potential genetic interactions with established PD mechanisms. Following RNAi-mediated knockdown, 15 of the genes modulated mitochondrial dynamics in human neuronal cultures and four candidates enhanced α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Based on complementary analyses in independent human datasets, five functionally validated genes-GPATCH2L, UHRF1BP1L, PTPRH, ARSB, and VPS13C-also showed evidence consistent with genetic replication. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating human genetic and functional evidence, we identify several PD susceptibility gene candidates for further investigation. Our approach highlights a powerful experimental strategy with broad applicability for future studies of disorders with complex genetic etiologies

Data for: Permafrost and Structural Controls on Holocene Bedrock Landslide Occurrence in Northern Iceland

Rapid, transient, landscape-scale changes associated with deglaciation can condition slopes for failure and trigger bedrock landslides. However, the mechanisms leading to paleo rock slope failures following the last glacial period are challenging to infer because observations of how both landsliding and potential driving factors were distributed in space and time are limited. Here, we map and analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of 676 post-glacial bedrock landslides in north-central Iceland using 2-m resolution digital elevation data generated from optical stereo satellite imagery. Frequency-ratio analysis demonstrates that after controlling for slope, landslides are significantly overrepresented near major Tertiary bedrock structures and at land surface elevations similar to or lower than those of a modeled lower limit to permafrost. Surface roughness analysis of landslide deposits, made possible by the high-resolution topographic data, indicates that peak landslide frequency of at least 0.2 landslides yr-1 in the 5579 km2 study area lagged deglaciation by several thousand years. This timing aligns well with that of rapid permafrost degradation from the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 cal ky BP) through the Holocene Thermal Maximum (~10-7 cal ky BP). Landslide frequency has averaged about 0.014 yr-1 since the Holocene Thermal Maximum when climate has generally been cooler and permafrost more extensive. However, present day warming is likely reducing permafrost extent and increasing the potential for bedrock landslides in north-central Iceland, as has already been observed for several recent shallower landslides in regolith

Tíðni sjálfsvíga hjá þeim sem áður hafa reynt sjálfsvíg

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open1433 persons who were referred to the psychiatric emergency ward at the Borgarspitalinn Hospital in Reykjavik, in the years 1983-1985, were divided into two groups: parasuicides and others. On the first of december 1991, 11.2% had died in all, which is significantly higher than expected from normal population incidence. The suicide-rate in the parasuicide-group was 3.8%, which is significantly higher than in the other group. Suicide was the most common cause of death in the parasuicide-group, but cardiovascular diseases in the other. The prime method of suicide among males was CO-poisoning, but drowning among females. The highest suicide risk was in the first year after the attempt, where 0.8% of the parasuicide-group committed suicide.Hópi 1433 einstaklinga, sem komu á bráðamóttöku geðdeildar Borgarspítalans á árunum 1983-1985, var skipt í tvennt, eftir því hvort komuástæðan var sjálfsvígstilraun eða ekki. Þann 1. desember 1991 voru 11,2% hópsins látin, sem er marktækt hærri tíðni en í samsvarandi hópi úr almennu þýði. Tíðni sjálfsvíga í sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum var 3,8%, sem var marktækt hærra en í hinum hópnum. Sjálfsvíg var langalgengasta dánarorsökin í sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum en hjarta- og æðasjúkdómar í hinum. Algengustu sjálfsvígsaðferðir voru eitrun með kolmónoxíði hjá körlum og drukknun hjá konum. Úr sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum frömdu 0,8% einstaklinganna sjálfsvíg innan árs

Tíðni sjálfsvíga hjá þeim sem áður hafa reynt sjálfsvíg

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open1433 persons who were referred to the psychiatric emergency ward at the Borgarspitalinn Hospital in Reykjavik, in the years 1983-1985, were divided into two groups: parasuicides and others. On the first of december 1991, 11.2% had died in all, which is significantly higher than expected from normal population incidence. The suicide-rate in the parasuicide-group was 3.8%, which is significantly higher than in the other group. Suicide was the most common cause of death in the parasuicide-group, but cardiovascular diseases in the other. The prime method of suicide among males was CO-poisoning, but drowning among females. The highest suicide risk was in the first year after the attempt, where 0.8% of the parasuicide-group committed suicide.Hópi 1433 einstaklinga, sem komu á bráðamóttöku geðdeildar Borgarspítalans á árunum 1983-1985, var skipt í tvennt, eftir því hvort komuástæðan var sjálfsvígstilraun eða ekki. Þann 1. desember 1991 voru 11,2% hópsins látin, sem er marktækt hærri tíðni en í samsvarandi hópi úr almennu þýði. Tíðni sjálfsvíga í sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum var 3,8%, sem var marktækt hærra en í hinum hópnum. Sjálfsvíg var langalgengasta dánarorsökin í sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum en hjarta- og æðasjúkdómar í hinum. Algengustu sjálfsvígsaðferðir voru eitrun með kolmónoxíði hjá körlum og drukknun hjá konum. Úr sjálfsvígstilraunahópnum frömdu 0,8% einstaklinganna sjálfsvíg innan árs

Monitoring Bone Density from Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty using Computed Tomography and 3D Modeling Techniques

ISSN:0013-5585ISSN:1862-278