Közlekedés és Néphadsereg : a 150. közlekedési műszaki dandár részvétele a közlekedési infrastruktúra fejlesztésében, 1964-1977

In the Warsaw Pact member states mandatory military service enlistment of people created a serious financial burden, while depriving the economy of a large chunk of its labour force. To resolve this dilemma, in 1964 two engineering brigades were set up in the Hungarian People’s Army. Following a brief basic military training, these brigades supplied the labour force for national economy projects, but also created an opportunity to acquire income for the military budget. The 150th Transportation Engineering Brigade was created to support transport projects. Soldiers took part in Hungary’s all key, still operating road and railway developments. Also, thanks to acquiring specialised knowledge, they got a chance to work for transport services following their military discharge

Az erdélyi magyar orvosképzés I. rész: Kolozsvár

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Railway Traffic in Southwest Hungary After World War II

Immediately after World War II, the only transport available in Hungary was the railways and this was despite the heavy damage incurred by the rolling stock and tracks. By utilizing service reports, meeting minutes, and articles from local newspapers, this study attempts to present the Hungarian State Railways’ (MÁV) regional directorate of Pécs’s efforts to reconstruct their railway infrastructure and service. Not only is this research’s focus on the railways’ operation processes—e.g., the eradicating of inefficiency, the reconstruction of rolling stock, and the establishing coal reserves, but also the impact of the political, economic, and social arenas on railways and vice versa. As the most influential company in Hungary, the importance of MÁV’s operation was not only a reflection of its role as an economic tool in the government’s hands, but also that it proved to be the most powerful employer in the country with thousands of families directly depending on it

The Impact of the Treaty of Trianon on Hungarian Infrastructure

This study aims to give an overview of the clauses of the Treaty of Trianon specifically targeted at the Hungarian system of transportation, and its overall impact on the country’s infrastructure. In the place of well-publicized slogans of “national self-determination,” economic and strategic considerations were primarily at play in this issue, with the system of transportation at their intersection. Since railways represented the most important means of transportation at that time, given the fact that train connections were fast, cheap, and had a huge transport capacity, railroads came to the forefront of the postwar border settlement second only to natural or ethnic boundaries that could serve as bulwarks of the new borders. As it is commonly known, new borders created new divisions, cutting through traditional economic units, detaching major cities from their hinterlands. It is less well known what the repercussions were of the maimed transportation infrastructure on the national and regional levels

Az erdélyi magyar orvosképzés II. rész Marosvásárhely

Hungarian Medical Training in Transylvania (II): Marosvásárhely. As a continuation of the study on the history of the Hungarian medical education in Cluj (Kolozsvár) that was published earlier in our journal, in this writing, the authors elaborate the history of the Institution of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely), that was established in 1945, and later became a University in 1991. The study is supplemented by biographies of the rectors of the university, expressively with a special emphasis on the presentation of the activities of the rectors who had Hungarian language as a mother tongue

Az erdélyi magyar orvosképzés II. rész Marosvásárhely

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Vasutasok és a szovjet megszállók, 1944-1946 = Railwaymen and the Soviet Invader Troops, 1944–1946

At the end of World War 2, it took more than a half year for the Red Army to occupy Hungary. Following the negotiations in Tehran and Yalta, Hungary joined the socialist camp led by Moscow. Therefore, thousands of cases of pillage, rape and murder committed by Soviet soldiers could not be articulated in the official historiography, Russian troops could only be mentioned in a positive context within any publication. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the above-mentioned policy on historiography changed, and several books, articles and reminiscences were published on the Soviet crimes against the population. The aim of this study is present the types of connection between the Russian soldiers and the railwaymen from the beginning of the occupation to the end of the monetary stabilization in 1946. In the first half of the 20th century, the railway was the backbone of Hungary’s economy. Without the railway – due to the lack of roads and automobiles – the economic system would have totally collapsed. The Russians were aware of the importance of the railway, hence as the front moved on, they ordered the citizens and railwaymen to reconstruct the railway tracks as fast as they could. To achieve a complex picture on the connection between soldiers and railwaymen, we need to focus on not only the negative, but the positive cases as well