Lab non destructive test to analyze the effect of corrosion on ground penetrating radar scans

Corrosion is a significant damage in many reinforced concrete structures, mainly in coastal areas. The oxidation of embedded iron or steel elements degrades rebar, producing a porous layer not adhered to the metallic surface. This process could completely destroy rebar. In addition, the concrete around the metallic targets is also damaged, and a dense grid of fissures appears around the oxidized elements. The evaluation of corrosion is difficult in early stages, because damage is usually hidden. Non-destructive testing measurements, based on non-destructive testing (NDT) electric and magnetic surveys, could detect damage as consequence of corrosion. The work presented in this paper is based in several laboratory tests, which are centered in defining the effect of different corrosion stage on ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. The analysis focuses on the evaluation of the reflected wave amplitude and its behavior. The results indicated that an accurate analysis of amplitude decay and intensity could most likely reveal an approach to the state of degradation of the embedded metallic targets because GPR images exhibit characteristics that depend on the effects of the oxidized rebar and the damaged concrete. These characteristics could be detected and measured in some cases. One important feature is referred to as the reflected wave amplitude. In the case of corroded targets, this amplitude is lower than in the case of reflection on non-oxidized surfaces. Additionally, in some cases, a blurred image appears related to high corrosion. The results of the tests highlight the higher amplitude decay of the cases of specimens with corroded elements.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Combining ground penetrating radar and seismic surveys in the assessment of cultural heritage buildings: The study of roofs, columns, and ground of the gothic church Santa Maria del Mar, in Barcelona (Spain)

Combined non-destructive techniques are applied in the study of a historical building in Barcelona. Santa Maria del Mar is a magnificent Mediterranean gothic church built between 1329 and 1383. Two of the most important characteristics of this building are the slender columns and the almost flat rooftop. This structure, used to create a visual impression of a unique space, transmits high loads to the tall columns. Previous to restoration, vaults, roofs, and columns were extensively assessed with non-destructive tests, in order to improve the knowledge of those structures. This information will be used in further simulations to analyse load distributions at each part of the structure. Ground and floor were also studied. The analysis of the columns was based on ground- penetrating radar (GPR) surveys and on seismic tomography. Finally, the dynamic behaviour of the structure was determined by seismic monitoring of the main nave and the bell tower. Results obtained at the radar survey highlight the existence of unexpected anomalies in homogeneous materials, supporting the hypothesis of an inner structure between arches and roof composed by hollow elements. Seismic tomography defined the inner geometry of the columns and detected some damage or lower quality stone in various zones. Seismic monitoring established the perfect junction between the bell tower and the main nave. GPR survey on the floor allowed detecting a large number of graves, and some images suggest the existence of large underground walls and some of the foundations of the main façade.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

MATTER: Metadata Migration and Annotation. Tool of Teacher Education Resources

Despite ongoing research on learning repositories, share and reuse of Teacher Education (TE) resources remains scarce. One of the reasons is that TE communities use their own in-house resources and repositories in a rather isolated way, thus limiting resource exchange in different contexts. Further, current learning metadata specifications such as Dublin Core (DC) and LOM do not address the description of pedagogical characteristics of resources demanded by TE practitioners. To overcome these limitations, the Share.TEC project aims to provide a federated TE metadata repository based on the Common Metadata Model (CMM) as the shared reference metadata model. Key for the success of the Share.TEC project is the migration of existing TE metadata records to the federated repository, performing the necessary format conversions to CMM. Besides, practitioners should be able to make TE-based annotations of resources. These two functionalities are covered by the Metadata Migration and Annotation Tool of Teacher Education Resources (MATTER) that is the subject of this paper. Although MATTER is purposed for the Share.TEC project, it can be potentially used to support the federation of other learning repositories

Prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis

Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral lesions (OL) in patients with psoriasis, and compare these findings with the ones found in patients without this condition. Materials and methods: In the present observational and comparative study, we evaluated 207 patients, with and without psoriasis, attending the dermatological consulting service of a concentration hospital in Mexico City. The possible association between OL and psoriasis was analyzed through a logistic regression model; the Odds Ratio (OR) and its Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated to be 95%. Results: Two hundred and seven cases were examined (80 with psoriasis and 127 without psoriasis). Of these, 75 (36.2%) were men and 132 (63.7%) women. Oral lesions were found in 54 (67.5%) psoriatic patients and in 63 (49.6%) of the comparative group (p 0.05) regarding the use of tobacco. Alcohol consumption was greater (55.0%) among patients with psoriasis than among those without psoriasis (26.7%) (p 0.05). Conclusions: The high prevalence of GT and FT in patients with psoriasis suggests that these lesions should be taken into account in new studies as possible predictors or markers of the severity of this dermatosis, in order to confirm the association of these entities

NKG2D-CAR-transduced natural killer cells efficiently target multiple myeloma

CAR-T-cell therapy against MM currently shows promising results, but usually with serious toxicities. CAR-NK cells may exert less toxicity when redirected against resistant myeloma cells. CARs can be designed through the use of receptors, such as NKG2D, which recognizes a wide range of ligands to provide broad target specificity. Here, we test this approach by analyzing the antitumor activity of activated and expanded NK cells (NKAE) and CD45RA− T cells from MM patients that were engineered to express an NKG2D-based CAR. NKAE cells were cultured with irradiated Clone9.mbIL21 cells. Then, cells were transduced with an NKG2D-4-1BB-CD3z-CAR. CAR-NKAE cells exhibited no evidence of genetic abnormalities. Although memory T cells were more stably transduced, CAR-NKAE cells exhibited greater in vitro cytotoxicity against MM cells, while showing minimal activity against healthy cells. In vivo, CAR-NKAE cells mediated highly efficient abrogation of MM growth, and 25% of the treated mice remained disease free. Overall, these results demonstrate that it is feasible to modify autologous NKAE cells from MM patients to safely express a NKG2D-CAR. Additionally, autologous CAR-NKAE cells display enhanced antimyeloma activity demonstrating that they could be an effective strategy against MM supporting the development of NKG2D-CAR-NK-cell therapy for MM.This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Society for Hematology and Hemotherapy to Alejandra Leivas, the CRIS Foundation to Beat Cancer and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01519)

Benefits of early tracheostomy in patients with severe cranioencephalic trauma

Introducción: El traumatismo craneoencefálico se encuentra dentro de las primeras causas de muerte e incapacidad en edad reproductiva a nivel mundial, esto según los datos encontrados en la OMS y en las estadísticas del INEGI. En el hospital Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez se reciben pacientes con diagnóstico de TCE severo, de los cuales un porcentaje cuenta con lesiones que requieren de apoyo mecánico ventilatorio prolongado por ello la realización de traqueostomía temprana es de vital importancia para poder minimizar las secuelas de una intubación prolongada. Objetivo: Analizar los beneficios de la traqueostomía temprana en pacientes con TCE severo del servicio de urgencias del hospital Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez de enero-julio 2018. Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal y retrospectivo, donde se tomó una muestra a conveniencia conformada por 32 expedientes clínicos de pacientes la cual se analizó en el programa estadístico PSPP. Resultados: Los pacientes con Traqueostomía temprana presentaron una mejoría en la escala de coma de Glasgow de 2 puntos a las 24 horas de realizado el procedimiento, así como una estancia hospitalaria en promedio de menos de 10 días el 12.51%, de 10 a 15 días 52.52%, de 16 a 20 días 21.89% y más de 20 días 3.1%, en cuanto a los diagnósticos de egreso los principales fueron estenosis traqueal: 1 caso, neumonía: 6 casos Sepsis 3 casos, TCE severo: 1 caso, TCE moderado: 13 casos, TCE leve 3 casos y otros: 5 casos. Conclusión: Se encontró que estos pacientes presentaron un menor tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, así como una menor prevalencia de Neumonías asociadas a ventilación mecánica, se observó que presentaron una mejoría en la escala de coma de Glasgow a las 48 horas de realizar el procedimiento.Introduction: Cranioencephalic trauma is among the first causes of death and disability in reproductive age worldwide, according to the data found in the WHO and INEGI statistics. In the Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez hospital, patients with a diagnosis of severe TBI, of which a percentage has lesions that require prolonged mechanical ventilatory support, performing an early tracheostomy is of vital importance in order to minimize the consequences of prolonged intubation. Objective: To analyze the benefits of early tracheostomy in patients with severe TBI of the emergency department of the Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez hospital from January-July 2018. Material and méthod: Quantitative study, cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive, where a convenience sample was taken consisting of 32 clinical files of patients which was analyzed in the PSPP statistical program. Results: Patients with early tracheostomy presented an improvement in the Glasgow coma coma score of 2 points at 24 hours after the procedure, as well as an average hospital stay of less than 10 days at 12.51%, from 10 to 15 days. 52.52%, from 16 to 20 days 21.89% and more than 20 days 3.1%, regarding the diagnosis of discharge the main ones were tracheal stenosis: 1 case, pneumonia: 6 cases Sepsis 3 cases, severe TCE: 1 case, moderate TBI : 13 cases, mild TBI 3 cases and others: 5 cases Conclusion: It was found that these patients had a shorter hospital stay, as well as a lower prevalence of Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. It was observed that they had an improvement in the Glasgow coma scale 48 hours after performing the procedure

Anaerobic methane oxidation driven by microbial reduction of natural organic matter in a tropical wetland

"Wetlands constitute the main natural source of methane on Earth due to their high content of natural organic matter (NOM), but key drivers, such as electron acceptors, supporting methanotrophic activities in these habitats are poorly understood. We performed anoxic incubations using freshly collected sediment, along with water samples harvested from a tropical wetland, amended with C-13-methane (0.67 atm) to test the capacity of its microbial community to perform anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) linked to the reduction of the humic fraction of its NOM. Collected evidence demonstrates that electron-accepting functional groups (e.g., quinones) present in NOM fueled AOM by serving as a terminal electron acceptor. Indeed, while sulfate reduction was the predominant process, accounting for up to 42.5% of the AOM activities, the microbial reduction of NOM concomitantly occurred. Furthermore, enrichment of wetland sediment with external NOM provided a complementary electron-accepting capacity, of which reduction accounted for similar to 100 nmol (CH4)-C-13 oxidized center dot cm(3)center dot day(1). Spectroscopic evidence showed that quinone moieties were heterogeneously distributed in the wetland sediment, and their reduction occurred during the course of AOM. Moreover, an enrichment derived from wetland sediments performing AOM linked to NOM reduction stoichiometrically oxidized methane coupled to the reduction of the humic analogue anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate. Microbial populations potentially involved in AOM coupled to microbial reduction of NOM were dominated by divergent biota from putative AOM-associated archaea. We estimate that this microbial process potentially contributes to the suppression of up to 114 teragrams (Tg) of CH(4 center dot)year(-1) in coastal wetlands and more than 1,300 Tg center dot year(-1), considering the global wetland area.

Residuos de acaricidas en leche entera bovina de Costa Rica

Introducción: En Costa Rica se procesan anualmente 681 millones de litros de leche, debido al alto consumo per cápita que es de 216 kilogramos, por lo que es particularmente importante evitar los efectos tóxicos de la leche contaminada, asociados a vómitos, parálisis y calambres, y, a largo plazo, cáncer, trastornos endocrinos, diabetes y alteraciones cromosómicas, entre otros. Objetivo:Determinar los niveles de residuos de cinco acaricidas usados en Costa Rica: Amitraz, Coumafós, Clorpirifós, Ciflutrina y Cipermetrina, en muestras de leche entera bovina de Costa Rica. Métodos:De enero a setiembre del 2018 tomamos muestras en 200 sistemas de producción de seis provincias y aplicamos técnicas de cromatografía de gases y de líquidos, acopladas a espectrometría de masas. Resultados:no hallamos residuos de Coumafós y la Ciflutrina, pero en 19 fincas detectamos Amitraz, Cipermetrina y Clorpirifós (este último, 0,01mg/kg). Pocos encargados conocen alternativas al control químico, y la mayoría ni respetael periodo de retiro del garrapaticida, ni hace la rotación del ingrediente activo. Conclusión:Se debe mejorar la educación y el monitoreo sobre el uso de garrapaticidas en los sistemas de producción de leche.“Acaricide residues in whole bovine milk from Costa Rica”. Introduction:Because of the high per capita consumption of 216 kilograms, in Costa Rica, 681 million liters of milk are processed annually, and it is particularly important to avoid the toxic effects of contaminated milk, associated with vomiting, paralysis and cramps, and, in the long term, cancer, endocrine disorders, diabetes and chromosomal alterations, among others. Objective:To determine the residue levels of five acaricides used in Costa Rica: Amitraz, Coumafos, Chlorpyrifos, Cyfluthrin and Cypermethrin, in samples of whole bovine milk. Methods:From January to September 2018, we collected samples from 200 production systems in six provinces and applied gas and liquid chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. Results:We did not findresidues of Coumafos and Cyfluthrin, but in 19 farms we detected Amitraz, Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos (the latter, 0.01mg/kg). Few managers know alternatives to chemical control, and most do not respect the withdrawal period of the tick, and do not rotate the active ingredient. Conclusion:Education and monitoring on tick control should be improved in dairyfarmsUniversidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de ZootecniaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal (CINA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro en Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA

Los retos físicos cooperativos de carácter emocional en el marco del estilo actitudinal

Congreso Internacional de Actividades Físicas Cooperativas (8. 2012. Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz)[ES] Este taller tiene la pretensión, quizás osada, de conseguir que todas las personas que participen en él realicen las propuestas planteadas en cada reto, junto a los demás y gracias a los demás. Sin excusas. Intentado resolver problemas juntos. … Porque no es verdad que no puedas, o que tengas vértigo, o… Juntos podemos. Si quieres

The hybridisation of pedagogical models in physical education and the formative assessment

[ES] La experiencia presenta la hibridación de modelos pedagógicos como el Estilo Actitudinal de educación física, el Aprendizaje cooperativo de carácter general y técnicas relacionadas con el e-learning como el Flipped-classroom, vinculadas todas ellas a las denominadas metodologías activas. Ésta es llevada a cabo con el aprendizaje de cabuyería y franqueamiento de obstáculos en relación al medio natural, en contextos tan diferentes pero íntimamente relacionados como los centros de primaria, los de secundaria y los de formación de futuros docentes de educación física. La actividad, con un alto carácter cooperativo, muestra la realidad de la interdependencia positiva entre los miembros del grupo. Además, el proceso de evaluación formativa llevado a cabo, a través de una escala de valoración y la coevaluación intragrupal, permite comprobar al alumnado el potencial educativo de los procesos de aprendizaje compartido utilizando de un instrumento de evaluación objetivo entregado al inicio de la unidad.[EN] This experience shows the hybridisation of different pedagogical models such as the Attitudinal Style specific from physical education (P.E.), the Cooperative Learning from a general perspective and the techniques related with e-learning such as Flipped- Classroom, which are all related to the commonly called active methodologies. Our proposal is accomplished through the learning of knot tying and surpassing obstacles in activities related with the natural environment. Such proposal has been implemented in different but related contexts, such as primary schools, high schools and training schools for future P.E. teachers. This activity, which is highly cooperative, shows how real the positive interdependence among the members of the group can be. Moreover, the formative assessment process developed, through an assessment scale and the peerassessment among the members of the group, allows the students to check the learning possibilities of shared learning processes using an objective assessment instrument handed in at the beginning of the lesson plan.[PT] A experiência mostra a hibridização de modelos pedagógicos, tais como a educação do Comportamento Estilo física, aprendizagem geral cooperativa e relacionado a como técnicas de sala de aula Flipped, todos eles ligados aos chamados metodologias ativas de e-learning. Isso é feito com a aprendizagem cabuyería e obstáculo em relação ao ambiente natural, tão diferentes, mas estreitamente ligados contextos como escolas primárias, secundárias e na formação dos futuros professores de educação física. Atividade, com alta de caráter cooperativo, mostra a realidade da interdependência positiva entre os membros do grupo. Além disso, o processo de avaliação formativa realizada através de uma avaliação por pares escala de classificação e intragrupos, permite verificar que os alunos o potencial educativo do processo de aprendizagem compartilhada usando um instrumento de avaliação objetiva entregue no início da unidade.S