Las constituciones del Hospital de la Concepción de Baeza (siglos XVI-XVIII)

Se da a conocer el origen de este hospital, que nació dentro de la Cofradía de la Caridad de la ciudad de Báeza con fines exclusivamente Sanitarios y las diversas Constituciones que lo siguieron durante estos tres siglos, en los que se especifica desde los órganos de gobierno de la institución hasta las últimas funciones sociales, religiosas y asistenciales que ejercía.At this work we show the origin of this Hospital, which was born into the Confraternity of the Charity of this town of Baeza, only with sanitary ends and its several Constitutions through these three centuries, in which are specified from the government organs of the Institution to the last socials, religious and assistances functions that it practised

Relación entre la microestructura y las propiedades tecnológicas en gres porcelánico. Revisión bibliográfica

Porcelain stoneware is a strongly sintered ceramic material fabricated from ball clays-quartz-feldspar mixtures. Porcelain stoneware is characterized by its excellent technical and functional properties (low water absorption, high mechanical properties, resistant to chemical substances and cleaning agents, aesthetic possibilities …). These characteristic and technical features make that among the different types of ceramic tile, porcelain stoneware is the ceramic product that in the last years has best withstood the economic crisis in the construction sector. These properties are related to the microstructure of porcelain stoneware, which is a grain and bond type with large particles of filler (quartz), mullite crystals, a silica-rich amorphous phase and porosity. The understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and the properties of porcelain stoneware is hardly important for the development and design of these materials whose tendency is the manufacture of thinner tiles with higher dimensions but must continue to comply the specific technical requirements.El gres porcelánico es un material sinterizado fabricado a partir de una mezcla de arcillas, cuarzo y feldespato. Tecnológicamente, el gres porcelánico se caracteriza por sus excelentes características técnicas y funcionales (baja absorción de agua, buenas propiedades mecánicas, resistente a substancias químicas, posibilidades estéticas…). Estas cualidades han propiciado que, entre los diferentes tipos de baldosa cerámica, es el gres porcelánico el producto que mejor ha resistido la crisis económica sufrida por el Sector de la Construcción. Las propiedades tecnológicas están relacionadas con su microestructura, compuesta de partículas de cuarzo, cristales de mullita, fase amorfa y porosidad. El conocimiento de la relación entre la microestructura y las propiedades tecnológicas del gres porcelánico es de gran importancia para avanzar en el diseño y desarrollo de estos materiales, cuya tendencia es la fabricación de piezas de mayor formato y menor espesor pero que deben seguir cumpliendo con los requerimientos especificados para su aplicación

Evidences of evanescent Bloch waves in Phononic Crystals

We show both experimentally and theoretically the evanescent behaviour of modes in the Band Gap (BG) of finite Phononic Crystal (PC). Based on experimental and numerical data we obtain the imaginary part of the wave vector in good agreement with the complex band structures obtained by the Extended Plane Wave Expansion (EPWE). The calculated and measured acoustic field of a localized mode out of the point defect inside the PC presents also evanescent behaviour. The correct understanding of evanescent modes is fundamental for designing narrow filters and wave guides based on Phononic Crystals with defects.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Infecciones orofaciales de origen odontogénico

La naturaleza polimicrobiana de las infecciones odontógenas así como la heterogeneidad de los cuadros clínicos asociados son consecuencia de la diversidad de la microbiota bucal y de la complejidad anatómica y funcional de la cavidad oral. Así mismo, estos procesos pueden dar lugar a múltiples complicaciones que pueden limitarse a afecciones locales o derivar hasta compromisos sistémicos. En el tratamiento farmacológico de estas infecciones es crucial la elección del antibiótico y la pauta posológica más eficaces. La farmacodinamia proporciona los parámetros que hacen posible valorar como varía la actividad de los antibióticos en función del tiempo. Como norma general, en el manejo inicial de las infecciones orofaciales en el adulto, incluidas las infecciones odontógenas, se utilizará amoxicilina/ac. Clavulánico en dosis de 875 mg de amoxicilina y 125 mg de ac. clavulánico pautado cada 8 horas. El cumplimiento terapéutico es clave para evitar la aparición de resistencias, por lo que se ha de maximizar la aceptación por parte de los pacientes. En este sentido se ha demostrado que la nueva presentación de 2000/125 mg de Augmentine Plus pautado cada 12 horas tanto en profilaxis como tratamiento disminuye significativamente la tasa de complicaciones infecciosas derivada de la extracción del tercer molar.The polymicrobial nature of the odontogenic infections as well as the variety of associated conditions are a consequence of the diversity of the buccal microbiota and the anatomical and functional complexity of the oral cavity. In addition to this, all these processes can give way to multiple complications which range from the local to the systemic level. The appropriate choice of antibiotic and posology is crucial in the successful management of these infections. Pharmacodynamics provides those parameters that make it possible to assess how antibiotics activity varies in time. As a general rule, the first step in the initial management of orofacial infections in adults, included odontogenic infections, will be the administration of 875 mg of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic every 8 hours. Therapeutic compliance is paramount to avoid resistance, therefore patient's acceptance must be sought. In this sense, it has been proved that Augmentine Plus (2000/125) every twelve hours both as profylaxis and as treatment significantly decreases the rate of infective complications associated to extraction of the third molar

Semicontinuous Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). Comparison with single-stage processes

The optimization of anaerobic digestion of organic wastes is a challenge to maximize energy production through biogas production process. In this study, semicontinuous TPAD (Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion) process has been used for the treatment of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) coming from a mechanical–biological-treatment (MBT) plant. TPAD combines the advantages of operating in different temperature ranges getting better efficiencies of organic matter removal and higher methane productivities than single-stage anaerobic digestion. In this study, the configuration used in the overall process was a thermophilic reactor (55–57 C) for the first phase followed by a mesophilic one (35–37 C) for the second phase. Two TPAD conditions have been tested in this paper: 4:10 and 3:6. The first digit means the SRT used in the first thermophilic phase while the second digit is related to the SRT used in the second mesophilic phase. Moreover, the performance of TPAD processes was compared with those from single-stage digesters operating at similar SRT (i.e., mesophilic and thermophilic reactors operating at 15 days SRT and thermophilic reactor operating at 10 days). The results showed that achievement reached in TPAD 4:10 was better than the corresponding one in TPAD 3:6, obtaining higher productivity of methane (35–45%) and removal of organic matter (6–19%). Moreover, the results indicate that TPAD processes reach higher efficiencies for organic matter removal (16%, 10% and 30% for DOC, CODsoluble and VS, respectively) and higher methane yields (26–60%) than single-stage systems operating at similar SRT