E-commerce in China and Latin America. A Review and Future Research Agenda

This study reviews scientific publications in China’s e-commerce and influence on Latin America’s market. The study took China, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay as variables. This study also offers an overview of Chinese platforms with presence and use in Latin America’s business. This research uses a qualitative approach, using a paper review (2001–2020) within the Scopus and Web of Science databases. This study shows China’s e-commerce lessons for Latin American e-markets and Latin-American e-commerce challenges. The cross-cultural research in this field is immature. The authors help to close the gap in providing Latin American businesses with knowledge in e-commerce and how to put into practice the learned lessons from China e-commerce. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

To tax or not to tax sin goods: that’s the question for emerging economies

In times of crisis and budgetary pressures, world governments (specially from emerging economies) look more decisively for alternative sources of income generation. One such alternative is the so-called “sin taxes’’. Many factors affect individual attitudes toward “legal vices” such as smoking, alcohol, gambling, plastic consumption, or consumption of beef, with religion having the greatest impact. Taxing the consumption of products or activities that pose a threat to the health of people and that cause damage to the environment has resulted in a lucrative, controversial strategy with variable results in the governments that have implemented it. This paper aims to use Scopus and Web of Science to systematically contrast how developed economies have implemented such types of taxes, which challenges those countries have faced and which lessons they can share with under developed countries. In the same way, this paper will present how, sometimes, taxes on sins do not discourage unhealthy behaviors nor are they a good way to increase government revenues

Los unicornios no son cuentos de hadas, China es su Valle

The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the Chinese cities where unicorn companies proliferate, as well as the sectors in which they concentrate. Unicorn companies are newly created private companies with a valuation of more than one billion US dollars. In 2018 there are 260 unicorn companies worldwide, 76 are located in China, while the United States of America has 121, a front where the commercial war between the two world super powers is also fought. China has made remarkable progress in this matter. In 2009 there were only two Chinese unicorns, now China's unicorn companies represent almost 30% of the total in the world. Between 2017 and 2018, 16 new unicorns have emerged.El propósito de este artículo es presentar una visión general de las ciuda- des chinas donde proliferan las empresas unicornio, así como los sectores en los que se concentran. Las empresas unicornio son empresas privadas de reciente creación con una valoración de más de mil millones de dólares esta- dounidenses. En 2018 se cuentan 260 empresas unicornio en todo el mundo, 76 están ubicadas en China, mientras que Estados Unidos de América tiene 121, un frente donde también se libra la guerra comercial entre las dos super- potencias mundiales. China ha tenido un progreso notable en este asunto. En 2009 solo existían dos unicornios chinos, ahora las empresas unicornio de China representan casi 30% del total en el mundo. Entre 2017 y 2018 han surgido 16 nuevos unicornios

ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk

To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P<0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P<5 × 10-6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P=2.6 × 10 -7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P=0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P=4.7 × 10 -9). This ATP5H/KCTD2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation

ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk

To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P <0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P <5 × 10 −6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P =2.6 × 10 −7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P =0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P =4.7 × 10 −9). This ATP5H / KCT D2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation

Análisis de la microfranquicia como modelo empresarial innovador e incluyente aplicado en el sector gastronómico. Caso: Mipyme colombiana

With this document, we want to know the business model of the Microfranchises and how they contribute to the generation of jobs and sustainable income in the low-income population of the Colombian Caribbean region. For this, the state of the art is presented with the concepts of franchise models, microfranchises and their evolution over the years. The results of the review show that even though there is no specific legal regulation, this has not been a problem for the creation of Microfranchises in Colombia. It is also evident that increasing access to financial services for the lower income population is necessary, but not the only ingredient as a solution to poverty, increasing access to scalable business opportunities as an important aspect; Microfranchises as a proven business format provide such access with key characteristics such as selfsustainability, the amount of investment required and the social impact it can generate; in this regard, it is important to continue the work of sensitization of the business model among entrepreneurs, national and international partners and experts in the thematic consultants. Finally, it points out that the methodology used in the study is theoretical, which required review of literature, from which was extracted the conclusions of the authors, not without first considered the context of the Colombian Caribbean coast.Con el presente documento se busca conocer el modelo de negocios de las Microfranquicias y cómo contribuyen en la generación de empleos e ingresos sostenibles en la población de bajos ingresos de la región caribe colombiana. Para ello, se presenta el estado del arte con los conceptos de los modelos de franquicia, Microfranquicias y su evolución a lo largo de los años. Los resultados de la revisión evidencian que aun cuando no se dispone de regulación legal específica, esto no ha sido un problema para la creación de Microfranquicias en Colombia. También se evidencia que el incremento del acceso a los servicios financieros de la población de menores ingresos es necesario, pero no el único ingrediente como solución de la pobreza, se debe aumentar el acceso a oportunidades de negocios escalable como aspecto importante; las Microfranquicias como formato de negocio probado proveen ese acceso con características claves como la auto-sostenibilidad, bajo monto de inversión requerido y el impacto social que puede generar; al respecto es importante se continúe con la labor de sensibilización del modelo empresarial entre emprendedores, aliados nacionales e internacionales y consultores expertos en la temática. Finalmente, se señala que la metodología empleada en el estudio es de carácter teórico, el cual requirió revisión de literatura, a partir del cual se extrajeron las conclusiones de los autores, no sin antes considerase el contexto de la costa caribe colombiana. La presente investigación es cualitativa de carácter descriptivo y explicativo. Se utilizaron diversas fuentes de información secundaria a partir del cual se extrajeron las conclusiones de los autores, considerando previamente el contexto de la costa caribe colombiana

ATP5H/KCTD2 locus is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk

To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P <0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases; 12 040 controls) were selected, and in Stage II these were examined in an in silico analysis within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium GWAS (1367 cases and 12904 controls). Six novel signals reaching P <5 × 10 −6 were genotyped in an independent Stage III sample (the Fundació ACE data set) of 2200 sporadic AD patients and 2301 controls. We identified a novel association with AD in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 (ATP5H)/Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 2 (KCTD2) locus, which reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and genotyping sample (rs11870474, odds ratio (OR)=1.58, P =2.6 × 10 −7 in discovery and OR=1.43, P =0.004 in Fundació ACE data set; combined OR=1.53, P =4.7 × 10 −9). This ATP5H / KCT D2 locus has an important function in mitochondrial energy production and neuronal hyperpolarization during cellular stress conditions, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation