Is knowledge exchange and combination always useful for innovation?

Using the resource-based view, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of knowledge on innovation. With this general aim in mind, we relate knowledge’s nature (tacit vs. explicit) and the process (e.g., knowledge exchange and combination) to innovation. Using a sample of 105 marketing and 176 R&D managers from 105 innovative firms, we find a positive linear effect of tacit knowledge on innovation and a U-shaped relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation. We also find an enhancing effect of tacit knowledge on the first part of the curvilinear relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation.: R&D, patents, knowledge, inventions

Listen to the market: Do its complexity and signals make companies more innovative

This paper analyzes four modes of innovation that differ in their scope of newness – innovation generation and adoption–, and in their degree of change –radical and incremental innovations. Building a theoretical model based on the Market Orientation (MO) and contingency theory literatures and utilizing a unique sample of innovating firms, we find that MO positively influence the number incremental generation and adoption of innovations. We also find that environmental complexity moderates the relationship between MO and radical and incremental innovation generation and adoption. That is, we have found that high environmental complexity enhances the introduction of radical and incremental internally generated innovations and harms the introduction of incremental innovation adoptions for market oriented firm. These findings add to the innovation and MO literatures. Our results also have important implications for both commercial activities and R&D policies adopted by firms.taking place in this sector enhances its potential as a showcase for processes of anticipation and adaptation to the environment. In addition, the paper aims to shed some light on the question of whether strategy potentially moderates the MO-performance link. Finally, the principal implications of our findings are discussed.Market orientation, environmental complexity, innovation

How does knowledge matter patenting inventions?

While there is robust empirical evidence that firm patenting is positively associated with various measures of overall performance and competitiveness, less is known about what determines the patenting choice. For this reason, this paper examines whether R&D expenditure and the type of knowledge used in the invention determine the decision to patent. With this aim, we use a sample of firms and the European Patent Office to analyse how the combination of R&D expenditure and knowledge codifiability, observability and simplicity influences the patent decision. Our results contribute to the literature and assist R&D managers by showing that both R&D and codified knowledge have a positive impact on the number of inventions patented by a firm, while observable knowledge has a negative impact on patents. Furthermore, we find that the effect of R&D expenditure on the propensity to patent inventions is negatively moderated by knowledge observability and simplicity.: R&D, patents, knowledge, invent

The positivity of social rights: its approach from the Philosophy of law

Este trabajo pretende analizar los principales aspectos del debate sobre la positividad de los derechos sociales y avanzar argumentos que pueden justificar la plena eficacia de tales derechos. A partir del siglo XIX, los derechos sociales aparecieron para concretar las exigencias del principio de igualdad, pero desde varias posturas, y a pesar de las aportaciones de la doctrina socialista, se los negó un carácter jurídico para conferirles sólo una dimensión programática. Ahora bien, con la actual dogmática iuspublícista, se insiste hoy en el status jurídico positivo de los derechos sociales, derivado de la intervención del Estado en el ámbito económico y social. De este modo, se puede revelar una complementariedad entre las libertades individuales y los derechos sociales. También se estudiará la cuestión de la titularidad de los derechos sociales y su eficacia frente a terceros, insistiendo en el principio de la Drittwirkung. Por fin, se hace referencia a los instrumentos de positivación de los derechos sociales dentro de la Constitución española.This work tries to describe several aspects of the debate upon the positivness of social rights and shows how could be grounded their full efficiency. Since the XIXth century, they have appeared to materialize the principIe of equality, but different stands have denied their jurisdictional dimension, recognizing them only a programmatic one's. However, the current iuspublícist theories insist todayon the positive and jurisdictional status of social rights because of the State's intervention in the economical and social spaces. Thus, complementarities appear between individual líberties and social rights. Also, the stake of who hold those social rights will be studied, as well as their efficiency toward third persons, trough particularly the principle of Drittwirkung. Last but not least, the instruments of the postivization of social rights will be analyzed in the frame of the spanish Constitution.Publicad

Iusnaturalismo y derechos humanos

This study considers object contribute the defense of the good reasons of the Natural Law Theory on human rights. For this, the arguments are exposed that they justify the focus Natural Law Theory of their study. It to such end are analyzed the clarifica

The Legal conception of Francisco Suárez on the occasion of the fourth Centenary of his death

La conmemoración, en el año 2017 del cuarto Centenario de la muerte de Francisco Suárez, constituye un motivo cultural que invita a repensar la persistencia de su legado doctrinal jurídico en la Filosofía y la Teoría del Derecho de la actualidad. En este ensayo se analizan su concepción de la ley, a partir de sus elementos constitutivos y de sus implicaciones. Así como las relevantes observaciones de Suárez sobre las características del lenguaje legal. Este trabajo se propone ofrecer un balance de aquellos aspectos de la reflexión de Francisco Suárez sobre el Derecho que pueden implicar mayor interés para la cultura jurídica del presente. Se analiza, con especial atención, el carácter innovador de la concepción jurídica de Suárez con respecto a la tradición medieval y a las doctrinas de su tiempo. Se pueden advertir así rasgos anticipadores del pensamiento de Suárez con respecto a determinadas concepciones filosófico-jurídicas contemporáneas.The commemoration in 2017 of the fourth centenary of the death of Francisco Suárez represents an invitation to rethink the persistence of its legal scholarly legacy within contemporary Legal Theory and Philosophy. This essay analyses its conception of law, based on its constituent elements and their implications, as well as the relevant observations of Suárez on the characteristics of the legal language. This paper intends to offer a balance of those aspects of the reflection of Francisco Suárez on law that may bear more interest for today's legal culture. Special attention is dedicated to the innovative character of the legal conception of Suárez with respect to the medieval tradition and to the doctrines of its time. In this way, we can see the anticipatory features of Suarez's thought in regard to certain contemporary legal-philosophical conceptions

La Carta de Niza y la Europa de los ciudadanos. Apostillas a la carta de los derechos fundamentales de la Unión Europea

SUMARIO: 1. Planteamiento: Hacia la constitución europea.-2. Elaboración y proclamación de la carta de Niza.-3. Una declaración de derechos para reforzar la Unión: Naturaleza y ámbito de la Carta.-4. Sistemática y contenido de la Carta.-5. Una opción axiológica.-6. Un reforzamiento de la ciudadanía europea.-7. Un sistema de garantías.-8. Conclusión: Hacia la Europa de los ciudadanos.Publicad

Impactos sociales y jurídicos de Internet

1. Internet: nueva frontera de la información y la comunicación.2. Problemas y riesgos jurídicos de Internet.3. Sistemas de seguridad en Internet.4. El ciberespacio: ¿anarquía libertaria o libertad garantizada?.5. Algunas respuestas jurídicas.6. Iniciativas de la Unión Europea.7. Hacia una ética jurídica ciberespacial.8. Bibliografía