Aproximación al abordaje clínico de los síntomas psicóticos desde la Aceptación

El presente trabajo ofrece una revisión de las aplicaciones de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) en sintomatología psicótica. En primer lugar, se presenta brevemente la Terapia, sus objetivos, el procedimiento canónico de aplicación y las técnicas más habituales. Posteriormente se analizan las adaptaciones que sería conveniente tener en cuenta al aplicar ACT a sintomatología psicótica, repasando los resultados habidos hasta la fecha. Así, se exponen los dos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de ACT con pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia, que suponen el mayor aval empírico de la Terapia. Igualmente se presentan tres estudios de caso relativos, por este orden, a alucinaciones auditivas, delirios y síntomas psicóticos negativos. Por último, se revisan las afinidades de ACT con otros enfoques basados en la aceptación de síntomas psicóticos y se propone un mayor énfasis en las variables sociales por parte de AC

Body into Narrative: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Signatures of Action Text Processing After Ecological Motor Training

Available online 8 November 2022Embodied cognition research indicates that sensorimotor training can influence action concept processing. Yet, most studies employ isolated (pseudo)randomized stimuli and require repetitive single-effector responses, thus lacking ecological validity. Moreover, the neural signatures of these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether immersive bodily training can modulate behavioral and functional connectivity correlates of action-verb processing in naturalistic narratives. The study involved three phases. First, in the Pretraining phase, 32 healthy persons listened to an action text (rich in movement descriptions) and a non-action text (focused on its characters’ perceptual and mental processes), completed comprehension questionnaires, and underwent resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Second, in the four-day Training phase, half the participants completed an exergaming intervention (eliciting full-body movements for 60 min a day) while the remaining half played static videogames (requiring no bodily engagement other than button presses). Finally, in the Post-training phase, all participants repeated the Pre-training protocol with different action and non-action texts and a new EEG session. We found that exergaming selectively reduced action-verb outcomes and frontoposterior functional connectivity in the motor-sensitive 10–20 Hz range, both patterns being positively correlated. Conversely, static videogame playing yielded no specific effect on any linguistic category and did not modulate functional connectivity. Together, these findings suggest that action-verb processing and key neural correlates can be focally influenced by full-body motor training in a highly ecological setting. Our study illuminates the role of situated experience and sensorimotor circuits in action-concept processing, addressing calls for naturalistic insights on language embodimentSabrina Cervetto acknowledges the support of Centro Interdisciplinario en Cognición para la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje and Centro de Investigación Básica en Psicología. Lucía Amoruso is supported with funding from the European Commission (H2020-MSCA-IF-GF- 2020; Grant 101025814), Ikerbasque Foundation, and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Plan Nacional RTI2018- 096216-A-I00. Adolfo García is an Atlantic Fellow at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) and is supported with funding from GBHI, Alzheimer’s Association, and Alzheimer’s Society (Alzheimer’s Association GBHI ALZ UK-22-865742); ANID, FONDECYT Regular (1210176); and Programa Interdisciplinario de Investigación Experimental en Comunicación y Cognición (PIIECC), Facultad de Humanidades, USACH

Comer: Cocina, nutrición y salud

Cursos de Verano de la Universidad Complutense en Madrid, El Escorial, 14 a 18 de juli

Perception, Motivation, and Satisfaction of Female Tourists with Their Visit to the City of Cordoba (Spain)

The cultural and historical heritage of a city is a major resource for attracting tourists. Therefore, determining how to perceive and identify the characteristics of persons visiting a locality attracted by its heritage is relevant for the purpose of better meeting their expectations and needs. This research focuses on understanding the perceptions, motivations, and satisfaction of women visiting Cordoba (Spain). Thus, on the basis of a questionnaire completed by women visiting Cordoba between the months of June and November 2019, statistical analysis was conducted. Using various multivalent case-grouping techniques, segments of tourists holding similar perceptions of cultural heritage were detected. Moreover, non-parametric statistical techniques highlighted significant differences between the valuations obtained in the various segments. This analysis exposed a segment of women who, known as absorptive tourists, are characterized by a high cultural motivation to visit the city of Cordoba linked to the heritage sites they have visited. The conclusions obtained herein should be useful for adjusting the city’s provision of tourism services to satisfy the demand of female tourists visiting the city

Data mining to assess organizational transparency across technology processes: an approach from IT governance and knowledge management

Information quality and organizational transparency are relevant issues for corporate governance and sustainability of companies, as they contribute to reducing information asymmetry, decreasing risks, and improving the conduct of decision-makers, ensuring an ethical standard of organizational control. This work uses the COBIT framework of IT governance, knowledge management, and machine learning techniques to evaluate organizational transparency considering the maturity levels of technology processes applied in 285 companies of southern Brazil. Data mining techniques have been methodologically applied to analyze the 37 processes in four different domains: Planning and organization, acquisition and implementation, delivery and support, and monitoring. Four learning techniques for knowledge discovery have been used to build a computational model that allowed us to evaluate the organizational transparency level. The results evidence the importance of IT performance monitoring and assessment, and internal control processes in enabling organizations to improve their levels of transparency. These processes depend directly on the establishment of IT strategic plans and quality management, as well as IT risk and project management, therefore an improvement in the maturity of these processes implies an increase in the levels of organizational transparency and their reputational, financial, and accountability impact

Promotion of pregnant merino Ewes’ Welfare with the introduction of a drought- and high-temperature-resistant cereal into their diet: analysis of tritordeum meadow

Tritordeum is a new cereal resistant to drought and high temperatures, and it is a very healthy crop. The aim of this study was to compare two different diets (tritordeum meadow vs. oat meadow) for grazing pregnant ewes to determine if there was any effect on the objective physiological indicators of animal welfare. A total of 150 pregnant Merino ewes (3–5 years) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 75 each) to be fed with two different meadows, being evaluated during the spring season. Red blood cells count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell count, neutrophiles/lymphocytes ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cortisol, total plasma proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin/globulins ratio, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, IgA, and IgG were determined. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the welfare of pregnant ewes fed with tritordeum meadow was better than that of pregnant ewes fed with oat meadow. Tritordeum meadow had a positive influence on the physiological parameters of animal welfare studied in pregnant Merino ewes. Therefore, tritordeum meadow can be considered a functional feed, as it has a beneficial effect on health beyond its basic nutritional value. Farmers are recommended to feed a cereal such as tritordeum grassland to their sheep, as it not only ensures that the animals benefit from all the nutrients, but also prevents diseases and improves their quality of life. In addition, the cereal’s resistance to fungal diseases makes it suitable for use in sustainable production systems with a reduced environmental footprint

Influence of metacognitive variables on paranoid ideation

Based on the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, the aim of the present correlational study is to investigate whether metacognitive variables have any influence on paranoid ideation in non-clinical subjects. For this purpose, a battery of tests was administered to 148 participants in an attempt to identify the type of metacognitive beliefs that characterized them and to measure their levels of paranoid ideation and trait anxiety. The results show that, once the subject’s level of anxiety is controlled, loss of cognitive confidence is the only metacognitive variable that predicts subjects’ scores in paranoid ideation. Without this statistical control of trait anxiety, the regression equation would include two more metacognitive factors related to uncontrollability and danger of thoughts and positive beliefs about worry. These results are discussed in the light of recent contributions supporting the extension of models already consolidated in the field of emotional disorders, as the S-REF model, to that of psychotic symptoms.Con base en el modelo conocido como “Self-Regulatory Executive Function” (S-REF) el presente estudio correlacional pretende averiguar si las variables metacognitivas tienen alguna influencia sobre la ideación paranoide en sujetos no-clínicos. Con este fin se administró una batería de tests a 148 participantes dirigida a indagar el tipo de creencias metacognitivas por el que se caracterizaban así como su nivel de ideación paranoide y su nivel de ansiedad-rasgo. Los resultados muestran que, una vez controlado el nivel de ansiedad de los sujetos, la pérdida de la confianza cognitiva es la única variable metacognitiva que predice la puntuación de los sujetos en ideación paranoide. De no efectuarse este control estadístico de la ansiedad-rasgo, se incluirían en la ecuación de regresión dos factores metacognitivos más relativos a la incontrolabilidad y peligro de los pensamientos y a las creencias positivas sobre la preocupación. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de recientes aportaciones favorables a la extensión de modelos ya consolidados en el campo de los trastornos emocionales, como el modelo S-REF, a los síntomas psicóticos.Com base no modelo conhecido por “Função Executiva de Auto-regulação” (S-REF) o presente estudo correlacional pretende averiguar se as variáveis metacognitivas têm alguma influência sobre a ideação paranoide em sujeitos não clínicos. Com este fim, administrou-se uma bateria de testes a 148 participantes destinada a questionar o tipo de crenças metacognitivas pelas quais se caracterizavam, assim como o seu nível de ideação paranoide e o seu nível de ansiedade-traço. Os resultados mostram que, uma vez controlado o nível de ansiedade dos sujeitos, a perda de confiança cognitiva é a única variável metacognitiva que prediz a pontuação dos sujeitos em ideação paranoide. Sem se efectuar este controlo estadístico da ansiedade-traço, incluíram-se na equação de regressão dois factores metacognitivos mais relativos à incontrolabilidade e perigo dos pensamentos e às crenças positivas sobre a preocupação. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz de recentes contribuições favoráveis à extensão de modelos já consolidados no campo das perturbações emocionais, como o modelo S-REF, aos sintomas psicóticos.This work was carried out within framework of Research Grnat MCT-02-BSO-01173, whose principal researcher is Marino Pérez-Álvarez

The role of meta-cognitions and thought control techniques in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations

Objectives. This study examines the relationship between a predisposition to hallucinations and meta-cognitive variables and thought-control techniques, controlling for the possible effect of anxiety. In order to do so, we start out with the hypothesis that anxiety does not, in itself, explain the association between meta-cognitions and a predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations. Design. A within-participants correlational design was employed. Methods. Four psychometric tests relating to predisposition to hallucinations, anxiety, meta-cognitions and thought-control techniques were administered to 150 participants. Results. It was found that, after controlling for participants' anxiety levels, the ‘loss of cognitive confidence’ factor predicted the score on the scale of predisposition to both auditory and visual hallucinations. Thought-control strategies based on worry were also found to be predictive of a greater predisposition to hallucinations, regardless of whether or not participants' anxiety level was controlled. Conclusions. Meta-cognitive variables of cognitive confidence and thought control through worry are positively associated with a predisposition to hallucinations. Limitations. The correlational nature of the design does not allow inferences about causal relationships

Problem-Based Learning in Plant Biology (Poster)

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEsubmitte

Segmentation Based on the Gastronomic Motivations of Tourists: The Case of the Costa Del Sol (Spain)

Tourist destinations increasingly sustain their consolidation, promotion, and development from gastronomy. This research aims to contribute to the scientific literature analyzing the relationship between tourism and gastronomy for the specific case of the Costa del Sol (Spain) from tourists’ experiences of different nationalities who have visited the area. The methodology has been based on questionnaires applied to foreign travellers, after the gastronomic tasting of lunch or dinner in typical beach restaurants, called “chiringuitos”. Results show the existence of different segments of tourists based on their attitude towards local cuisine. Three groups have been identified, with different gastronomic predispositions and knowledge, and it is concluded that there are different levels of satisfaction and motivations in tourists, as they are identified in one segment or the other