Cobertura de la trinchera ferroviaria de Hendaya

Un problema del ferrocarril al paso por las ciudades europeas es el efecto barrera generado, que impide su desarrollo más allá de las vías. Si se salta la barrera lo cierto es que ello se hace sólo en sitios concretos y el efecto psicológico de aislamiento persiste para los habitantes del entorno. Este trabajo presenta de manera sucinta los problemas de concepción, comprobación y vibraciones planteados por la estructura de cubierta de la trinchera ferroviaria de Hendaya, consistente en una losa de hormigón pretensado y luz variable de 20-40 metros, que resuelve el problema de aislamiento entre las dos partes de la ciudad. Su construcción ha sido posible gracias al acuerdo entre la SNCF e inversores privados y está permitiendo la construcción sobre ella de 6 edificios de viviendas y una residencia de turismo, la demolición del antiguo ?Pont-Vieux? y la construcción de un nuevo ?Pont-Vieux?, integrado completamente en la promoción inmobiliaria. An important problem put by the train in its passage by the cities of Europe generally and in France in particular is the effect barrier which builds up, preventing the cities from developing beyond. Even if this barrier is crossed, it is certain that the passage is restricted to concrete places and always acts as psychological barrier for the local residents. This article presents in a brief way the problems of conception, analysis and vibration of the cover structure of the railroad trench of Hendaye. This structure consists of a 20-40 meters span slab of pre-stressed concrete that solves the isolation problem of both parts of the town of Hendaye. Its construction was possible thanks to the agreement of the SNCF (French Railways)and some private investors, and is allowing the investors the construction on top of 6 residential buildings and a holiday residence, with demolition of the ancient “Pont-Vieux” and building of a new “Pont-Vieux”, which is completely integrated into the real-estate development. Special attention is given to the change of transverse cross-section of the slab during construction stages, which originates a redistribution of stresses, and to the long-term equilibrium of horizontal forces

Terapia asistida con animales para la intervención en la comunicación del niño con trastorno del espectro del autismo

[Resumen] El Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, caracterizado por problemas en la interacción social y en la comunicación y presencia de patrones o comportamientos repetitivos y restringidos. Es diagnosticado cada vez con mayor frecuencia y en edades más tempranas en la sociedad actual, convirtiéndolo en una prioridad sociosanitaria en el desarrollo y aplicación de terapias o tratamientos eficaces, que aplicados en edades tempranas, garanticen una mejora en la calidad de vida y la autonomía de las personas con este trastorno. En este caso, la Terapia Asistida con Animales (TAA) es un tipo de intervención no farmacológica y no invasiva, que pretende dar nuevas opciones a los tratamientos disponibles para esta población, en este caso, con perros, siendo esta una potente herramienta de trabajo en cuanto a la motivación del usuario y adherencia al tratamiento propuesto desde la Terapia Ocupacional. El objetivo central del estudio es conocer de qué manera influye la TAA en la intervención de la comunicación no verbal del niño con TEA, desde la perspectiva ocupacional. La metodología utilizada en el presente proyecto de investigación será de tipo cualitativa desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Las técnicas de recogida de datos empleadas serán la observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión, un protocolo de valoración diseñado al efecto y un cuaderno de campo.[Abstract] Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by problems in social interaction and communication and the presence of patterns or repetitive and restricted behavior. It is diagnosed more and more frequently and at younger ages in today's society, making it a priority healthcare in the development and implementation of effective treatments or therapies, applied in early ages, ensuring an improvement in the quality of life and autonomy of people with this disorder. In this case, the animal assisted therapy (AAT) is a type of non-pharmacological intervention and non-invasive, it aims to give new options to the treatments available for this population, in this case, with dogs, this being a powerful tool for work in terms of the motivation of the user and adherence to the treatment proposed Occupational Therapy. The main objective of the study is to know how affects the AAT in the intervention of non-verbal communication of the child with ASD, the occupational perspective. The methodology used in the present research project will be of qualitative type from a phenomenological approach. The employed techniques for this analysis will be observation, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, an assessment protocol designed to effect and a field notebook.[Resumo] O Trastorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é un trastorno do neurodesenvolvemento, caracterizado por problemas na interacción social e na comunicación e presencia de patróns ou comportamentos repetitivos e restrinxidos. É diagnosticado cada vez con maior frecuencia e en idades máis temperás na sociedade actual, convertíndoo nunha prioridade sociosanitaria no desenvolvemento e aplicación de terapias ou tratamentos eficaces, que aplicados en idades temperás, garanticen unha mellora na calidad de vida e na autonomía das persoas con este trastorno. Neste caso, a Terapia Asistida con Animais (TAA) é un tipo de intervención non farmacolóxica, que pretende dar novas opción aos tratamentos dispoñibles para esta población, neste caso, con cans, sendo ésta unha potente ferramenta de traballo en canto á motivación do usuario e adherencia ao tratamento proposto dende a Terapia Ocupacional. O obxetivo central do estudo é conocer de qué maneira inflúe a TAA na intervención da comunicación non verbal do neno con TEA, dende a perspectiva ocupacional. A metodoloxía utilizada no presente proxecto de investigación será de tipo calitativa dende un enfoque fenomenolóxico. As técnicas de recollida de datos empregadas serán a observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión, un protocolo de valoración diseñado ao efecto e un caderno de campo.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FCS). Terapia ocupacional. Curso 2018/201

Control of the distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the Gulf of Biscay and Galicia: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced as a result of fires or combustion processes and are also natural components of coal and oil. Due to their persistence, potential to bioaccumulate and toxicity, the analysis of PAHs in sediment and shellfish is required for the MSFD and Regional Sea Conventions; including, at least, the determination of the concentrations of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and indeno[123-c,d]pyrene. In order to control the level of PAHs in the Iberian Northern platform, a sampling campaign (from the Portugal border to the border with France) was performed in which 69 marine surficial sediment samples were collected in 2016. Organic carbon and particle size analysis were performed to complete the sediments characterization and facilitate data interpretation. The PAH analysis included a first step of PLE Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE), followed by a cleaning up of the extract and the quantification of 35 parent and alkylated PAHs was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The obtained results revealed a higher presence of PAHs in the Eastern stations. In the absence of other sediment quality guidelines (SQG) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediment were assessed against Effects Range-Low values, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to assess the ecological significance of PAH concentrations in sediment. The determined concentrations indicated a presence of some stations with concentrations that exceeded the respective ERL indicating the possible biological toxicity of some sediments

Portable low profile antenna at X-band

An antenna which has been conceived as a portable system for satellite communications based on the recommendations ITU-R S.580-6 and ITU-R S.465-5 for small antennas, i.e., with a diameter lower than 50 wavelengths, is introduced. It is a planar and a compact structure with a size of 40×40×2 cm. The antenna is formed by an array of 256 printed elements covering a large bandwidth (14.7%) at X-Band with a VSWR of 1.4:1. The specification includes transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) bands simultaneously. The printed antenna has a radiation pattern with a 3dB beamwidth of 5°, over a 31dBi gain, and a dual and an interchangeable circular polarization

Modular Planar Antenna at X-band for satellite communications

An antenna which has been conceived as a portable system for satellite communications based on the recommendations ITU-R S.580-6 [1] and ITU-R S.465-5 [2] for small antennas, i.e., with a diameter lower than 50 wavelengths, is introduced. It is a planar and a compact structure with a size of 40×40×2 cm. The antenna is formed by an array of 256 printed elements covering a large bandwidth (14.7%) at X-Band. The specification includes transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) bands simultaneously. The printed antenna has a radiation pattern with a 3dB beamwidth of 5°, over a 31dBi gain, and a dual and an interchangeable circular polarizatio

Presence of banned chlorinated pollutants in sediments of the Northern Iberian Coast

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial chemical compounds that were banned in the mid-1970s owing to concerns about their toxicity, persistence and potential to bioaccumulate in the environment. However, despite European and global action, releases continue through diffuse emissions to air and water and PCBs concentrations are still detected in environmental matrices. In the framework of the Regional Sea Conventions such as OSPAR or Barcelona Convention, it is proposed to monitor the concentrations of pollutants that include, at least, the following PCBs: CB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180. A control of the described PCBs presence was performed in a set of more than 70 surficial marine sediment samples distributed in the Gulf of Biscay/Atlantic coastal area. The analysis includes an accelerated solvent extraction step (ASE) followed by detection in a gas chromatography coupled to ECD detector. The analysis was under QA/QC to guarantee the quality of the results. The results indicate a detectable presence of PCBs pointing out higher concentration in eastern stations. Background Assessment Concentration (BACs) and Environmental Assessment Criteria (EAC) are assessment criteria that in place for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment and they were used to evaluate the concentrations found. Most of the sediments have concentrations close to or even smaller than the BACs but in some specific sediments the concentration of some of the PCBs exceeds the EAC indicating possible toxic effects

Perception of the patient safety culture in Primary Care nurses

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las enfermeras sobre los factores que influyen en la cultura de seguridad del paciente en las enfermeras de Atención Primaria del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, realizado entre los meses de enero 2022 a abril del 2022.Participaron 13 enfermeras elegidas por muestreo intencionado. Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada. Resultados: Las participantes manifestaron la percepción de la seguridad una vez se encuentra dentro del contexto de trabajo donde han de proceder a realizar diferentes procedimientos al paciente. A partir de esta categoría principal se desarrollan las siguientes subcategorías: trabajo en equipo, ritmo y carga de trabajo, comunicación, falta de conocimientos, apoyo y liderazgo. Conclusión: Conocer los factores asociados a la cultura de la seguridad del paciente podrían favorecer el grado de cumplimiento en la práctica enfermera.Objective: To know the perception of nurses about the factors that influence the culture of patient safety in the Primary Care nurses of the National Health System in Spain. Material and methods: This are a qualitative phenomenological study, between the months of 2022 to April 2022. 13 nurses participated, chosen by intentional sample. A semi-structured interview was used. Results: The participants expressed their perception of security once they found themselves within the context of work where they had to carry out different procedures for the patient. From this main category, the following subcategories are developed: teamwork, rhythm and workload, communication, lack of knowledge, support and leadership. Conclusion: Knowing the factors associated with the culture of patient safety could favor the degree of compliance in nursing practice

Perception of the safe administration of medications in primary care

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de enfermeras sobre la seguridad en la preparación y administración de medicamentos en un departamento de salud de atención primaria del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Sitio: Realizado en el Departamento de Salud 21 (Alicante-España) en los meses de septiembre hasta noviembre del 2021. Participantes: Sesenta y seis enfermeras, con predominio de mujeres (88,9%). Intervenciones: Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada con 10 preguntas. El criterio de inclusión tuvo en cuenta las enfermeras con más de dos años de experiencia trabajando en el centro de salud. Medidas principales: Se evaluó la percepción de las enfermeras sobre el grado de seguridad en la preparación y administración de medicamentos. Resultados: El 81,9% de la muestra no notifican los eventos adversos. Los pasos para la administración segura fueron variados. Se observó asociación significativa en la hora correcta de la medicación (p < 0,031) y la antisepsia (p < 0,026), según el número de enfermeras en las zonas básicas de salud. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados indican las percepciones de enfermeras sobre mejoras en el grado de implementación de estándares o herramientas para la administración segura de medicamentos, con especial atención en la falta de conocimientos, la sobrecarga asistencial (elevada ratio paciente/enfermera) y los dilemas asociados con la notificación.The purpose of this study was to know the perception of nurses about safety in the preparation and administration of medications in a primary care health department of the Spanish national health system. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Carried out in the Health Department 21 (Alicante, Spain) in the months of September to November 2021. 66 nurses, with a predominance of women (88.9%). A semi-structured interview with ten questions was used. The inclusion criterion took into account nurses with more than two years of experience working in the health center. The perception of nurses about the degree of safety in the preparation and administration of medications was evaluated. 81.9% of the sample did not report adverse events. The steps for secure administration were varied. A significant association was observed in the correct time of medication (p < 0.031) and antisepsis (p < 0.026) according to the number of nurses in the basic health areas. Our results indicate the perceptions of nurses about improvements in the degree of implementation of standards or tools for the safe administration of medications, with special attention to lack of knowledge, care overload (high patient/nurse ratio) and associated dilemmas with the notification

Virtual reality simulation in the training of nursing students: A systematic review

Introducción: la tecnología de la realidad virtual tiene el potencial de cambiar la forma en la que se imparte la educación; por lo tanto, el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar de la evidencia más actual en relación con la simulación de realidad virtual en la formación de los estudiantes de Enfermería. Material y métodos: durante el proceso de revisión, seguimos las recomendaciones para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis y los puntos de notificación preferidos para las revisiones sistemáticas PRISMAScR. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en bases de datos Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, MedLine/PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, con lenguaje libre y controlado (términos MeSH) utilizando los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se analizaron 10 artículos seleccionados de los cuales se identifica el continente asiático con el mayor número de artículos analizados. La búsqueda se limitó a artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2023. Resultados: la herramienta principal de estudio representa la simulación con realidad virtual y sus tipos: no inmersiva, inmersiva y mixta. Los temas de discusión más importantes extraídos en los artículos analizados, hacen referencia al razonamiento clínico, habilidades de comunicación y aprendizaje. Conclusiones: los hallazgos de este estudio indican que incorporar la realidad virtual en los estudios de Enfermería ayudará a los estudiantes a adquirir varias habilidades psicomotoras, de toma de decisiones, de razonamiento clínico, de resolución de problemas y para promover la equidad entre los estudiantes, especialmente cuando la exposición a ciertas experiencias clínicas es limitada.Introduction: Virtual reality technology has the potential to change the way education is delivered. Therefore, the objective of our study was to analyze the most current evidence regarding virtual reality simulation in the training of nursing students. Material and methods: During the review process, we followed the recommendations for improving the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the preferred reporting points for PRISMAScR systematic reviews. The bibliographic search was carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, MedLine / PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar databases, with free and controlled language (MeSH terms) using the Boolean operators AND and OR. 10 selected articles were analyzed, of which the Asian continent with the highest number of articles analyzed was identified. The search was limited to articles published between 2020-2023. Results: The main study tool represents virtual reality simulation and its types: non-immersive, immersive, mixed. The most important discussion topics extracted in the analyzed articles refer to clinical reasoning, communication skills and learning. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that incorporating virtual reality into nursing studies will help students to acquire various psychomotor, decision-making, clinical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and to promote equity among students, especially when exposure to certain clinical experiences is limited