Nuevos recursos sanitarios en época de crisis: el papel del trabajador social en la Unidad de Neurorehabilitación Infantil del Hospital de Manises

En los últimos años se ha detectado un aumento en los niños diagnosticados con Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo (TGD) y Daño Cerebral (DC). Al mismo tiempo la formación e información por parte de los profesionales que intervienen con estos niños también es mayor por lo que el Departamento de Salud de Manises creó en mayo del 2012 la primera Unidad de Neurorrehabilitación Infantil integrada en un hospital público valenciano especializada en estos casos. La Unidad está atendida por un equipo de profesionales especializados en TGD y DC, tanto en el diagnóstico como en la intervención y con una filosofía de trabajo interdisciplinar. Este equipo cuenta con la figura del trabajador social que ofrece asesoramiento y orientación familiar de forma individualizada así como talleres grupales para familiares. De esta forma las intervenciones se realizan de forma integral teniendo en cuenta al niño y su familia.There has recently been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) and Brain Damage (BD). At the same time the professionals involved with these children are better trained and have more information, and so in May 2012 Manises Health Department set up the first Child Neurorehabilitation Unit integrated in a Valencian public hospital and specialized in these cases. The Unit is formed of a team of professionals specializing in PDD and BD, in both diagnosis and intervention, and with an interdisciplinary work philosophy. This team has a social worker who provides individual family counseling as well as group sessions for families. This means that the interventions performed consider not only the children but also their families

COVID‐19 and maternal and child food and nutrition insecurity: a complex syndemic

Globally, the COVID‐19 pandemic has already led to major increases in unemployment and is expected to lead to unprecedented increases in poverty and food insecurity, as well as poor health and nutrition outcomes. Families where young children, pregnant and lactating women live need to be protected against the ongoing protracted pandemic and the aftershocks that are very likely to follow for years to come. The future wellbeing of the vast majority of the world now depends on reconfiguringthe current ineffective food, nutrition, health and social protection systems to ensure food security for all. Because food, nutrition and social protection are intimately linked with health in a multidirectional way, it is essential that that we fully address global and local food, health care, and social protection systems and the inter‐relationship among them. Implementation science research will be needed to fill in the current major gaps. Not doing so will not only put the development of individuals at further risk, but also negatively impact on the development potential of entire nations and ultimately our Planet

Rutas de Senderismo en la comarca de La Safor mediante Story Maps

[ES] El presente Trabajo de Final de Grado se ha elaborado con el fin de potenciar el empleo del aplicativo web de Story Maps, así como la importancia del impulso del ecoturismo como alternativa a otros tipos de recreo en la comarca de la Safor. La afición desde hace años al senderismo y las experiencias tenidas en la montaña han sido piezas claves para mi pasión por la naturaleza y la intención de gestionarla eficientemente, motivos por los que me decante a estudiar el Grado en Ciencias Ambientales. En este trabajo se ha creado una página web con el aplicativo Story Maps, donde se muestran los itinerarios realizados en las cadenas montañosas de La Safor. La página web posee diferentes pestañas, una para cada recorrido, donde el usuario podrá hacerse una idea rápida sobre cada uno de los recorridos, mediante fotos, un breve resumen, así como a través de varios parámetros técnicos, tales como distancia, dificultad, desnivel acumulado y tiempo de recorrido. También se posibilita acceder a un enlace, donde se puede acceder a una información más minuciosa y a su descarga. .[EN] This Final Degree Project has been prepared with the aim of promoting the use of the Story Maps Web-Application, as well as the importance of promoting ecotourism as an alternative to other types of recreation in the Safor region. My passion for nature, hiking, my experiences in the mountain ranges of La Safor and the need to manage nature efficiently and sustainably have played a major part in my choice to pursue a degree in Environmental Sciences. This project has been about creating the Web-Application Story Maps which shows available hiking routes in the mountain ranges of La Safor.Within Story Maps all routes have individual tabs where the user can access information regarding the chosen route. Information is presented in the form of photos, a route summary and will show various technical parameters like distance, terrain,difficulty, gradient and estimated duration. More detailed information regarding each route can be accessed via a link and download options.Escamilla Pérez, L. (2019). Rutas de Senderismo en la comarca de La Safor mediante Story Maps. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/126128TFG

Costing of actions to safeguard vulnerable Mexican households with young children from the consequences of COVID-19 social distancing measures

COVID-19 has imposed unprecedented challenges to society. As the pandemic evolves, the social distancing measures that have been globally enforced, while essential, are having undesirable socioeconomic side effects particularly among vulnerable populations. In Mexico, families who depend upon informal employment face increased threats to their wellbeing, and households who in addition have young children may face long-term consequences. The Mexican government has not yet taken actions, but a coalition of non-governmental organizations is advocating in partnership with academic institutions for social protection actions such as a cash transfer and basic services subsidies for families with young children, subsisting from the informal sector economy. To facilitate governmental action, we estimated the costs for implementation of these recommendations. The methodology used could be replicated in other countries facing similar challenges

How much can Mexican healthcare providers learn about breastfeeding through a semi-virtual training? A propensity score matching analysis

Background: Mexico has shown a worrisome decrease in breastfeeding indicators, especially in the lowest socioeconomic level. Improving breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support services through workforce development is a key area of intervention. The objective of this study is to assess the influence on breastfeeding knowledge and abilities of a semi-virtual training for primary healthcare providers assisting beneficiaries of PROSPERA in Mexico, which is one of the largest conditional cash-transfer programs in the world. Methods: Two independent cross-sectional samples of healthcare providers were drawn at baseline and post-intervention in three states of Mexico. Baseline data were collected among primary physicians, registered nurses and nurse technicians (i.e. unit of analysis) on July 2016 (n = 529) and post-training between March and April 2017 (n = 211). A 19-item telephone questionnaire assessed providers\u27 general knowledge about breastfeeding, breastfeeding benefits and clinical aspects of breastfeeding, clinical ability to solve problems and abilities to overcome breastfeeding challenges. The effects of the training were assessed through a propensity score matching (PSM) stratified by types of providers (i.e. physicians, registered nurses, nurse technicians). Results: The PSM analysis showed significant improvements among all providers in the general knowledge about breastfeeding (around 20 percentage points [pp]) and knowledge about breastfeeding benefits (approximately 50 pp). In addition, physicians improved their knowledge about clinical aspects of breastfeeding (7 pp), while registered nurses improved in their ability to solve breastfeeding problems (14 pp) and in helping mothers overcome breastfeeding challenges (12 pp). Conclusions: Promoting a breastfeeding enabling environment in Mexico to improve breastfeeding rates will require improving the knowledge and skills of healthcare providers. While a semi-virtual training showed large improvements in knowledge, developing skills among providers may require a more intensive approach

Food insecurity measurement and prevalence estimates during the COVID-19 pandemic in a repeated cross-sectional survey in Mexico

Objective: To validate the telephone modality of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) included in three waves of a phone survey to estimate the monthly household food insecurity prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Design: We examined the reliability and internal validity of the ELCSA scale in three repeated waves of cross-sectional surveys with Rasch models. We estimated the monthly prevalence of food insecurity in the general population and in households with and without children and compared them with a national 2018 survey. We tested concurrent validity by testing associations of food insecurity with socio-economic status and anxiety. Setting: ENCOVID-19 is a monthly telephone cross-sectional survey collecting information on the well-being of Mexican households during the pandemic lockdown. Surveys used probabilistic samples, and we used data from April (n 833), May (n 850) and June 2020 (n 1674). Participants: Mexicans 18 years or older who had a mobile telephone. Results: ELCSA had an adequate model fit and food insecurity was associated, within each wave, with more poverty and anxiety. The COVID-19 lockdown was associated with an important reduction in food security, decreasing stepwise from 38·9 % in 2018 to 24·9 % in June 2020 in households with children. Conclusions: Telephone surveys were a feasible strategy to monitor reductions in food security during the COVID-19 lockdown

Relación del INSS y el MITRAB en el cumplimiento de la Ley 618, de Higiene y Seguridad Laboral en la FAREM-ESTELÍ en el año 2015

Dicha investigación servirá como referencia para la universidad dado que se hará un enfoque de análisis sobre las condiciones y los riesgos laborales que la ley de higiene y seguridad laboral establece para su estricto cumplimiento. Este estudio contribuye a ampliar los conocimientos sobre la materia de higiene y seguridad ya que es un punto muy importante al momento de desempeñar un cargo dentro de una empresa. Con el análisis de esta investigación se propone una nueva estrategia de relación que implementa el INSS y el MITRAB en base a la prevención de los riesgos laborales. El ámbito de higiene y seguridad es un tema muy amplio y de mucho interés en las nuevas generaciones de estudiantes y para las empresas legalmente constituidas. Por medio de esta investigación se brindará información más específica sobre la relevancia que tiene cumplir la ley de higiene y seguridad laboral presentada como un estudio de caso en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria Estelí. Así mismo ayudará a las instituciones reguladoras como lo es el INNS y el MITRAB, para fortalecer la relación con la comisión mixta la cual es parte esencial para establecer mejores condiciones de trabajo y salud laboral. Por medio de este proceso de análisis investigativo se proporcionará información a los estudiantes que tengan la necesidad de conocer el proceso que desempeña el INSS y el MITRAB para evaluar los parámetros de higiene y seguridad del trabajo