Is knowledge exchange and combination always useful for innovation?

Using the resource-based view, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of knowledge on innovation. With this general aim in mind, we relate knowledge’s nature (tacit vs. explicit) and the process (e.g., knowledge exchange and combination) to innovation. Using a sample of 105 marketing and 176 R&D managers from 105 innovative firms, we find a positive linear effect of tacit knowledge on innovation and a U-shaped relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation. We also find an enhancing effect of tacit knowledge on the first part of the curvilinear relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation.: R&D, patents, knowledge, inventions

How does knowledge matter patenting inventions?

While there is robust empirical evidence that firm patenting is positively associated with various measures of overall performance and competitiveness, less is known about what determines the patenting choice. For this reason, this paper examines whether R&D expenditure and the type of knowledge used in the invention determine the decision to patent. With this aim, we use a sample of firms and the European Patent Office to analyse how the combination of R&D expenditure and knowledge codifiability, observability and simplicity influences the patent decision. Our results contribute to the literature and assist R&D managers by showing that both R&D and codified knowledge have a positive impact on the number of inventions patented by a firm, while observable knowledge has a negative impact on patents. Furthermore, we find that the effect of R&D expenditure on the propensity to patent inventions is negatively moderated by knowledge observability and simplicity.: R&D, patents, knowledge, invent

Sofía Casanova, primera corresponsal de guerra

La ponencia que presentamos se engloba dentro de la línea de investigación de mujeres periodistas del siglo XIX y pretende analizar la figura y los textos de una de las mujeres periodistas españolas más completas de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, Sofía Casanova, para sacar a la luz sus más de 1200 artículos en periódicos y revistas en Galicia, España, y Polonia. Además de restaurar su labor intentaremos averiguar cómo trabajaba, en qué condiciones, por qué, en qué medida podía hacer lo mismo que sus compañeros varones, etc. Con este estudio intentaremos llenar un hueco en los “estudios de las mujeres”, disciplina que se propone aplicar la perspectiva de género en todos los objetos de conocimiento, propiciando la construcción de una ciencia no androcéntrica, en las investigaciones de género y en las de historia del periodismo

Effects of the bologna process in reducing the dropout of university studies: data for reflection and suggestions for improvement

Uno de los grandes retos del sistema universitario actual es reducir los porcentajes de estudiantes que abandonan sus estudios sin finalizar. En los últimos años las universidades han puesto en práctica acciones destinadas a aumentar el rendimiento y la retención, pero no han teniendo las consecuencias deseadas. Nosotros presentamos en este artículo resultados de una experiencia de aplicación de metodologías activas y de seguimiento continuado de las tareas de los estudiantes, asociadas a la convergencia europea, y su repercusión en la mejora del rendimientos y reducción del abandono, así como opiniones del alumnado y el profesorado sobre los efectos de la reforma en la mejora de la enseñanza. Los resultados muestran que con este tipo de metodologías se consigue que los estudiantes alcancen mayor grado de motivación y compromiso con la institución y, en consecuencia, abandonen menos. Esta forma de enseñar no se ha podido aplicar en los estudios de grado porque no se dispone de las condiciones requeridas para ello. Se aportan sugerencias para la mejora, tanto para los estudiantes tradicionales como para los no tradicionales.One of the great challenges of the current university system is to reduce the percentage of dropout students. In recent years universities have implemented actions to increase performance and retention haven’t had the desired impact. We display in this paper results of an experiment of applying active methodologies and ongoing monitoring of student task, related to European convergence, and its impact on improving student performance and reducting dropout, as well as opinions of students and professor about the effects of reform on improving teaching. The results show that with this type of methodology achieve that students are more motivated, committed to the institution and dropout less. This way of teaching could not apply because grades do not have the conditions required. Suggestions for improvement for both traditional and non-traditional students are reported

Revisión sistemática de la producción española sobre rendimiento académico entre 1980 y 2011

Low Academic performance is a research problem of great social impact. However, scientific findings are not having an impact in terms of improvements or on educational policies. In this paper, our goals were to identify, organize, analyze and draw conclusions regarding Spanish academic performance in order to visualize the problems and identify areas for future research. This was carried out as a six-step procedure, in which methodological procedures using synthesis and bibliometric research were combined. Publications were identified in four Spanish databases; the data was then analyzed and coded under nine indicators: title, year, type of paper, publisher, author, number of authors, institution, region and topic. The results show steadily increasing production (1595 references), but disperse in terms of the huge number of published authors, most with a single paper, and of the places where they were published. The topics most widely addressed were explanatory models, diagnosis and treatment, followed by the factors and variables that determined the high or low academic achievement and, thirdly, studies of legislation and other performance-related psychological and educational variables. This study is a synthesis of production about academic performance in Spain and is a first step towards further synthesis research, to identify best practices for the exercise of “evidence-based practices”, and other research problems.El bajo rendimiento académico sigue siendo un problema de investigación de gran impacto social. Sin embargo, los resultados científicos no están teniendo repercusión en la mejora, ni en las políticas educativas. En este trabajo nos propusimos identificar, ordenar, analizar y extraer conclusiones sobre la producción española sobre rendimiento académico, con el fin de visualizarla y derivar problemas futuros objeto de investigación. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de revisión en seis etapas, en el que se combinaron procedimientos metodológicos de investigación de síntesis y de investigación bibliométrica. Se identificaron las publicaciones en cuatro bases de datos españolas; posteriormente se analizaron y codificaron los datos extraídos alrededor de nueve indicadores: título, año, tipo de documento, editorial, autor, número autores, institución, comunidad autónoma y tema. Los resultados muestran una producción constante y creciente (1595 referencias), pero dispersa, tanto por el inmenso número de autores que publican, la mayoría con un solo trabajo, como por los lugares donde publican. Las temáticas más tratadas se refieren en primer lugar a modelos explicativos, diagnóstico y tratamiento; en segundo lugar se abordan los factores y variables determinantes del bajo y alto rendimiento académico; en tercer lugar se desarrollan estudios sobre legislación y de otras variables psicológicas y educativas en relación con el rendimiento. Este estudio supone una aproximación sintetizada de la producción sobre rendimiento académico en España, y un primer paso para investigaciones de síntesis posteriores, que nos permitan identificar buenas prácticas para el ejercicio de “prácticas basadas en la evidencia”, y otros problemas de investigación

Web content localization: technical and methodological aspects.

Este artículo incide sobre aspectos teórico-prácticos que permiten realizar una categorización de los conocimientos necesarios para llevar a cabo un proyecto de localización de contenido web. Se ha pretendido explicar detalladamente el proceso que debe seguir un traductor al recibir un encargo de este tipo. Se ha realizado un análisis de las herramientas disponibles para trabajos de localización basándonos en el estudio de Esselink (2000). Posteriormente, se han evaluado los recursos disponibles y se han extraído conclusiones sobre los que pueden resultar más idóneos para el traductor. Una vez elegidas las herramientas, se detalla su uso mediante una rigurosa explicación e imágenes para que cualquier profesional pueda aprender a utilizarlas sin dificultad

The Computational Complexity of Tissue P Systems with Evolutional Symport/Antiport Rules

Tissue P systems with evolutional communication (symport/antiport) rules are computational models inspired by biochemical systems consisting of multiple individuals living and cooperating in a certain environment, where objects can be modified when moving from one region to another region. In this work, cell separation, inspired from membrane fission process, is introduced in the framework of tissue P systems with evolutional communication rules.The computational complexity of this kind of P systems is investigated. It is proved that only problems in class P can be efficiently solved by tissue P systems with cell separation with evolutional communication rules of length at most (��, 1), for each natural number �� ≥ 1. In the case where that length is upper bounded by (3, 2), a polynomial time solution to the SAT problem is provided, hence, assuming that P ̸= NP a new boundary between tractability and NP-hardness on the basis of the length of evolutional communication rules is provided. Finally, a new simulator for tissue P systems with evolutional communication rules is designed and is used to check the correctness of the solution to the SAT problem

Presentación del monográfico Trabajo Social y Economía

Presentación del monográfico Trabajo Social y Economí

Computing with viruses

In recent years, different computing models have emerged within the area of Unconven-tional Computation, and more specifically within Natural Computing, getting inspiration from mechanisms present in Nature. In this work, we incorporate concepts in virology and theoretical computer science to propose a novel computational model, called Virus Ma-chine. Inspired by the manner in which viruses transmit from one host to another, a virus machine is a computational paradigm represented as a heterogeneous network that con-sists of three subnetworks: virus transmission, instruction transfer, and instruction-channel control networks. Virus machines provide non-deterministic sequential devices. As num-ber computing devices, virus machines are proved to be computationally complete, that is, equivalent in power to Turing machines. Nevertheless, when some limitations are imposed with respect to the number of viruses present in the system, then a characterization for semi-linear sets is obtained

Computing Partial Recursive Functions by Virus Machines

Virus Machines are a computational paradigm inspired by the manner in which viruses replicate and transmit from one host cell to another. This paradigm provides non-deterministic sequential devices. Non-restricted Virus Machines are unbounded Virus Machines, in the sense that no restriction on the number of hosts, the number of instructions and the number of viruses contained in any host along any computation is placed on them. The computational completeness of these machines has been obtained by simulating register machines. In this paper, Virus Machines as function computing devices are considered. Then, the universality of non-restricted virus machines is proved by showing that they can compute all partial recursive functions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012- 3743