Los cómics de Francisco Ibañez

Las creaciones de Francisco Ibañez forman parte de la memoria icónica. Han trascendido el universo del tebeo, convirtiéndose en iconos de cultura de masas nacional. Analizando la obra de Ibañez en su contexto, hemos querido ofrecer una revisión de la cultura de masas, y una descripción de la evolución de la sociedad y de la cultura española en los últimos 50 años, con los numerosos acontecimientos que la han condicionado. Este trabajo es, al tiempo, un catalogo del dibujante, ya que recupera y aborda series prácticamente olvidadas. Se ha optado por concebir el trabajo como una biografía, conforme a la idea de ofrecer una ordenación cronológica coherente en el proceso evolutivo del autor. Ibañez se convierte en un hilo conductor que permite situar la posición de los autores, publicaciones y tendencias más representativos de la historia del comic español. A lo largo de ese recorrido se van articulando las distintas influencias que recibe el dibujante, a través de las cuales va construyendo su propio estilo de creación. También se ofrece una clasificación sistematizada de su repertorio lexipictográfico y una descripción del proceso creativo del dibujante, igualmente se describen las fuentes tradicionales y universales que han inspirado su humor

Estudio del óptimo economico en rehabilitación de viviendas sociales en función del binomio aislamiento - ahorro de energía

En la actualidad en España existe un parque de viviendas con una edad media muy elevada y del parque de viviendas aproximado de 25 millones, casi un 8% de los mismos son viviendas de alquiler social, que existen en número tan elevado por la política de vivienda de los años 50, por la que desde los poderes públicos se pretendió que los españoles optaran a un régimen de vivienda en propiedad [2]. En el artículo se estudia, en base a diversos análisis teóricos y a la experiencia de su implantación en obra, como varían los criterios de ahorro energético en un edificio rehabilitado, en función de la variación de su aislamiento, relacionando estos parámetros citados con su impacto económico directo en la ejecución de la obra. El estudio se realiza sobre rehabilitación de bloques “sociales” de vivienda adosados y que datan de la década de los 50. Para ello, en primer lugar, se realiza el análisis energético del edificio en su situación inicial y posteriormente se analiza cómo les afecta a la transmitancia de sus paramentos y a la demanda energética final, las diferentes composiciones de aislamiento térmico añadido en los diferentes elementos de su envolvente. Todo ello, analizado también desde el punto de vista económico, para poder obtener un punto óptimo desde el aspecto económico-energético y que posteriormente también tenga en cuenta todos los condicionantes sociales que presentan este tipo de viviendas (renta media de los ocupantes, ayudas públicas, organización de la comunidad, etc.) y que inevitablemente tienen una importancia decisoria en la rehabilitación final o no del edificio. Como conclusión final se obtiene un óptimo en cuanto al tratamiento del aislamiento térmico en la rehabilitación energética de este tipo de bloques de viviendas sociales, tan común en muchos municipios de nuestra geografía, valorando el triple criterio económico, energético y social.Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de Españ

Un Algoritmo Genético para un Problema de Horarios con Restricciones Especiales

Ramírez (2001) introduced the generalized robust coloring problem (GRCP), this problem lets solve timetabling problems which considers constraints such as: two events can not be assigned at the same time and there must be at least d days between two events.The GRCP deals with a robust coloring for a given graph with a fixed number of colors, not necessarily the chromatic number and considers the distance between colors as the penalization of complementary edges. It was shown that the problem is NP-complete, so it is necessary to use approximate methods to find good solutions in a reasonable time. This paper presents a hybrid of a genetic algorithm with a local search for cases of 30-120 hours per week; it is shown that for some cases the found solution is optimal and in other cases the solutions are very promising.En Ramírez (2001) se introdujo el problema de coloración robusta generalizado (PCRG), el cual resuelve problemas de horarios que consideran restricciones del tipo: dos eventos no pueden realizarse a la misma hora y debe haber al menos d días entre dos eventos. El PCRG es una coloración robusta, en que dada una gráfica y un número fijo de colores, no necesariamente el número cromático, considera la distancia entre colores como penalización de las aristas complementarias.Se demostró que el problema es NP-Completo, por lo que es necesario utilizar métodos aproximados para encontrar buenas soluciones en un tiempo razonable. En este trabajo se presenta un híbrido de un algoritmo genético con uno de búsqueda local para casos de 30 a 120 horas por semana, se demuestra que para algunos la solución es óptima y en otros se encuentran soluciones muy prometedoras

A Century of Water Supply Companies and Their Influence on the Development of Spanish Society (1842–1942)

During a certain period in the history of Spain, in the years of the Second Industrial Revolution, water companies played a very important role in managing a public service as necessary and complex as the supply of drinking water to the population. This article describes the emergence of these companies in the economic framework of the second half of the 19th century, as well as their expansion and territorial distribution, their evolution towards large companies that unified and monopolised the sector and their progressive decline in the 20th century, characterised by an increase in municipal control and influenced by different national and international war conflicts. The data collected in the different statistical yearbooks allows us to study these companies, and identify the characteristics of the modern drinking water system in Spain, together with the importance of foreign investment and the influence of these companies on the economic development of the time.This research was supported by the Water Chair of the University of Alicante–Alicante Provincial Council (2020) and by the CampusHábitat5U network of excellence

El agua inglesa. Abastecimiento a la ciudad de Cartagena entre los siglos XIX y XX

La ciudad de Cartagena a lo largo de toda su historia ha tenido que hacer frente a los problemas derivados de la falta de agua disponible en su territorio para satisfacer las necesidades de la población. Desde sus primeros pobladores hasta nuestros días, han sido muchos los intentos de paliar este problema mediante la búsqueda de recursos hídricos. La inexistencia de cursos de aguas permanentes y la mala calidad y escasez de las obtenidas del subsuelo han sido, en muchas ocasiones, un obstáculo para el desarrollo de la ciudad y un reto sólo superado a mediados del siglo XX con la traída de aguas del río Taibilla

Computational validation of the design of an air-biogas mixer for a turboalimented diesel engine

The design of two air-biogas mixers according to the design literature of these devices for Diesel engine applications was studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The gradient of hydrodynamic variables was profiled on the longitudinal axis of the compared equipment. This research presents a comparison instrument about the efficiency of the design methodology for sizing gaseous fuel air mixing equipment. Comparing the design methodologies of Agudelo and Mitzlaff mixing tubes, the profiles of velocities, pressure profiles and volumetric fraction profiles of the mixtures were obtained.Universidad De La Costa, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico

Validation of a Hyperspectral Imaging System for Color Measurement of In-Vivo Dental Structures

A full comprehension of colorimetric relationships within and between teeth is key for aesthetic success of a dental restoration. In this sense, hyperspectral imaging can provide point-wise reliable measurements of the tooth surface, which can serve for this purpose. The aim of this study was to use a hyperspectral imaging system for the colorimetric characterization of 4 in-vivo maxillary anterior teeth and to cross-check the results with similar studies carried out with other measuring systems in order to validate the proposed capturing protocol. Hyperspectral reflectance images (Specim IQ), of the upper central (UCI) and lateral incisors (ULI), were captured on 30 participants. CIE-L*a*b* values were calculated for the incisal (I), middle (M) and cervical (C) third of each target tooth. Delta E-ab* and Delta E-00 total color differences were computed between different tooth areas and adjacent teeth, and evaluated according to the perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) thresholds for dentistry. Non-perceptible color differences were found between UCIs and ULIs. Mean color differences between UCI and ULI exceeded AT (Delta E-ab* = 7.39-7.42; Delta E-00 = 5.71-5.74) in all cases. Large chromatic variations between I, M and C areas of the same tooth were registered (Delta E-ab* = 5.01-6.07 and Delta E-00 = 4.07-5.03; Delta E-ab* = 5.80-8.16 and Delta E-00 = 4.37-5.15; and Delta E-ab* = 5.42-5.92 and Delta E-00 = 3.87-4.16 between C and M, C and I and M and I, respectively). The use of a hyperspectral camera has proven to be a reliable and effective method for color evaluation of in-vivo natural teeth.MCIN/AEI/ERDF "Una manera de hacer Europa" PGC2018-101904-A-I00 PID2021128317OB-I00Junta de Andalucia RDI P20-00200OTRI 474

Dynamics and numerical simulations to predict empirical antibiotic treatment of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

This work discloses an epidemiological mathematical model to predict an empirical treatment for dogs infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This dangerous pathogen is one of the leading causes of multi-resistant infections and can be transmitted from dogs to humans. Numerical simulations and appropriated codes were developed using Matlab software to gather information concerning long-time dynamics of the susceptible, infected and recovered individuals. All data compiled from the mathematical model was used to provide an appropriated antibiotic sensitivity panel for this specific infection. In this study, several variables have been included in this model to predict which treatment should be prescribed in emergency cases, when there is no time to perform an antibiogram or the cost of it could not be assumed. In particular, we highlight the use of this model aiming to become part of the convenient toolbox of Public Health research and decision-making in the design of the mitigation strategy of bacterial pathogens

Assessment of the overflow reduction potential of a plan to install extensive rooftop SUDS on Cartagena’s buildings

Introduction: Spanish cities are starting to analyse the possibilities of reducing water bodies pollution due to combined sewer overflows through the implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). Cartagena is a mid-sized city of about 200 000 inhabitants located in a semiarid region. The city is mostly flat, although is surrounded by steeped hills and mountains. Frequent high groundwater phreatic levels limit the possibilities of infiltration. Nevertheless, rooftop SUDS can be an interesting possibility, as most people live in apartments with flat roofs. In this work, an extensive preliminary assessment is carried out to estimate the possible impacts of the application of this technique on different ratios of rooftop SUDS penetration and for different types of events. Methods and data: Data from buildings surfaces is obtained from OpenStreetMap, due to its high quality in the polygonal representation of the buildings. It is assumed that the potential surface of rooftops is limited by the typical roof area ratio of the buildings according to typical residential morphologies [1]. The sewer system has been modelled through EPA SWMM [2]. The rooftops have been based on the model and parameters assessed in [3], being replaced a ratio of each building surface belonging to a subcatchment by the model using for that purpose the library swmmio [4]. Extensive simulations have been done for the different penetration ratios, evaluating the influence for different types of events (registered or historical and design events). The water quality improvements caused by the rooftops has been neglected, being the analysis focused only on the sewer overflow reduction, and specially the overflows to the harbour. Results and discussion: The effect can be quite relevant in lower rains, and negligible in greater events. Further analysis can be carried out to evaluate which areas of the city have a greater influence. This kind of analysis is relevant and should be a requirement before elaborating a SUDS city plan

Three species of Megacerus Fahraeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) associated to Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall. Fill (Convolvulaceae) in México

Abstract. In order to determine the species of bruchids that feed on Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall. Fil. (1892) seeds, 110 samples of ovoid capsule were collected, from which 753 bruchids of the genus Megacerus Fahraeus, 1839 were obtained. The most abundant species was M. alabani (Terán and Kingsolver, 1977) (84.86%), followed by M. cubiculus (Casey, 1884) (14.87%) and M. tricolor (Suffrian, 1870) (0.27%). A total of 5,709 seeds was evaluated to determine the damage these insects cause plants. Of these, 880 presented some type of condition, representing a 15.41% damage caused by the three Megacerus species include the parasited. This is the first record of the species M. alabani, M. cubiculus on the host M. umbellata