Secuestradores, Secuestrados y Trastornos Mentales. Realidades por Atender desde la Familia, la Seguridad Social y los Sistemas Penitenciarios

La multiplicación de los secuestros en México no es atribuible sólo a la pobreza que viven millones de mexicanos ni a la falta de valores. Como toda violencia, la mayor incidencia de este tipo de crímenes obedece a condiciones multifactoriales, entre las cuales se encuentra una escasa atención a los trastornos mentales entre jóvenes y adolescentes que tienen rasgos psicopáticos o socio-paticos no atendidos o detectados a tiempo ni por la familia ni por la seguridad social

Resistencia a los antibióticos en Escherichia coli con beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido en un hospital de la Orinoquia colombiana

ResumenObjetivoAnalizar la resistencia de Escherichia coli a los antibióticos de acuerdo con la presencia de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).Materiales y métodosEstudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, en el Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, centro de atención de mediana y alta complejidad. La población de estudio fueron los pacientes con cultivos positivos para E. coli. La variable de estudio fue la resistencia a ceftazidima, cefotaxima y clavulanato. Se confirmó la presencia de BLEE y la resistencia a otros antibióticos.ResultadosSe tamizaron 29.451 estudios de microbiología, de los cuales 26,7% fueron positivos. Se identificaron 77,6% como Gram negativos y 2.551 (41,8%) como E. coli. De los cultivos, 65,1% se obtuvieron de orina; 9,5% fueron resistentes a ceftazidima y 8,7% a cefotaxime. En los aislamientos de orina, la resistencia de E. coli a ceftazidima fue de 6,5%, mientras que, en aspirados traqueales, fue de 35,0% (OR=7,98; p<0,05). Se hicieron 315 pruebas confirmatorias para BLEE con equipo Vitek® y 506 con AutoScan®. La mayor cantidad de muestras se obtuvieron de la consulta externa (34,0%) y, aunque allí se encontró un número significativo de BLEE (6,9%), hubo mayor resistencia en la unidad neonatal (16,9%). La resistencia a ampicilina, cefalotina, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, fue alta. El 7,1% de las pruebas confirmatorias con clavulanato fueron positivas para BLEE.ConclusionesEl estudio demostró una frecuencia de 7,1% de BLEE en esta institución. Hubo servicios con mayor riesgo, como el de neonatos, aunque el fenómeno no se limitaba al ambiente hospitalario. También, se encontró un pequeño porcentaje que fue resistente a carbapenem.AbstractObjectiveTo analyze antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli according to the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase.DesignA cross sectional descriptive study.SettingHospital Departamental de Villavicencio, a State center of second and tertiary care.Study populationPositive cultures for E. coli were analyzed between September 2005 and November 2009.InterventionsNone.Study variableCeftazidime and cefotaxime resistance with and without clavulanate.OutcomesConfirmation of ESBL test and resistance to other antimicrobials.ResultsFrom the 29,451 microbiological samples that were screened, 26.7% were positive. 77.6% were identified as Gram negative and 2,551 (41.8%) were typified as E. coli. 65.1% isolations were from urine samples and 9.5 and 8.7% of them were resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime, respectively. 6.5% of urine samples were resistant to ceftazidime, but it raised to 35% for tracheal aspirate (OR 7.98 p<0.05). Three hundred and fifteen confirmatory tests for ESBL were performed with Vitek® and 506 with AutoScan®. Most samples were ambulatory patients (34.0%) and a significant number of them were positive for ESBL (6.9%), but it was higher at the newborn ward (16.9%). Resistance was high for antimicrobials commonly used for infections by this microorganism such as ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Confirmatory ESBL test was 7.1%.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates a 7.1% frequency of ESBL at this hospital but the samples from newborn ward showed a higher frequency of ESBL; nevertheless, the issue is not restricted to hospitalized patients. We also found a small number of isolations resistant to carbapenem

Jorge Oteiza’s ‘de-occupation’: towards an ascetic space in Spanish modern architecture (1948-60)

The work and thought of the Basque sculptor Jorge Oteiza (b. Orio, 1908 – d. San Sebastian, 2003) is an omnipresent reference point in the historiography of modern Spanish architecture. Since the Jorge Oteiza Museum Foundation was opened shortly after his death, a great number of studies have been published about him, mainly in Spanish and Basque. Oteiza’s artistic career was closely connected to the postwar Spanish architectural scene. During the 1950s, he participated in numerous projects and architecture competitions and published his work in specialised journals and magazines in the field. Spain was at that time under the regime of General Franco and, as a consequence of the Civil War (1936–9), the country was suffering an economic crisis that affected culture, art, and architecture

Narco Messages, Insecurity and violence: Heuristic Analysis about Mexican Reality

El incremento en los índices de violencia y los crímenes relacionados con la delincuencia organizada han provocado en México, la muerte de más 60 mil ciudadanos entre los años 2006-2012. El aumento de delitos y la multiplicación de homicidios efectuados por las diversas mafias a lo largo del territorio nacional trajeron cambios forma y fondo en la manera a través de la cual se difunde y organiza la información emitida por la prensa. En la realidad mexicana, los narco mensajes representan hoy una forma a través de la cual, el crimen organizado divulga e infunde pánico entre la población al patentizar su poder y proyectos territoriales; calumnia y amenaza el Estado, soberanamente Constituido y, de paso, aterroriza a los grupos contrarios con textos redactados por ellos y legados sobre decenas de cuerpos de hombres y mujeres asesinados. En este trabajo se analizan las noticias relacionadas con temas de seguridad pública en los diarios de mayor circulación en el Estado de Nuevo León, México, entre los cuales, los narco-mensajes forman parte de ellos.The increase in rates of violence and crimes related to organized crime in Mexico has caused the death of more than 60 000 citizens between the years 2006-2012. The increase in crime and homicide multiplication performed by the various mafias throughout the country brought changes in the form and manner through which diffuses and organizes the information issued by the press. In the Mexican reality, the “narco messages” today represent a form through which organized crime reports and instills panic among the population at patenting their power and territorial projects, slander and threatens the state, sovereign Constituted and, incidentally, terrifies opposing groups with texts written by them and legacies of dozens of bodies of men and women killed. This paper analyzes the news about public safety issues in major newspapers in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, among which , the “narco – messages” are part of the

COLLECTIVE VICTIMHOOD AND MEMORY IN AZERBAIJAN: THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT AND ITS POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS

The present thesis examines the transmission of memory and political implications of victimized identity in Azerbaijan. It focuses on the strategies of victimization that shape society’s discourse of Nagorno-Karabakh, which in turn underpins national identity. Collective remembrance strategies place Azerbaijanis at a point of impasse in relation to the conflict and pose a further obstacle to post-war peace negotiation, thus contributing to the intractability of the conflict. Using ethnographic interviews and incorporating evidence from official government bodies, this study demonstrates that the Azerbaijani discourse on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has been articulated through strategies of self-victimization that are transmitted through collective memory. These strategies function in two directions: selective and biased information-processing, justification and rationalization of negative group behavior, self-pity, and denial are directed at the in-group; whereas attribution of blame, moral superiority and paternalism, and moral disengagement are addressed to the out-group. By analyzing the disparate treatment of the Sumgait pogroms and the Khojaly massacre in collective memory, this study offers empirical evidence that the Azerbaijani discourse selectively focuses on particular events and builds on the memory narrative in a way that fits its self-victimization framework. The institutionalization and widespread remembrance of the Khojaly massacre further solidifies this aspect. This paper further argues that the government instrumentalizes victimized memory abroad as a political currency and domestically to divert attention from its own wrongdoings, such as lack of freedoms. Finally, it points out the importance of memory in conflict resolution and that a young society becoming more and more disaffected by protracted conflict can lead to disengagement, instead of the active participation of civil society needed to work towards a stable and lasting peace

The Spanish Accreditation System: the opinions of professors of accounting

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la opinión del profesorado universitario en Contabilidad sobre el modelo universitario actual de acreditación nacional y la valoración de los distintos criterios establecidos para la promoción universitaria. Los resultados obtenidos en una encuesta ponen de manifiesto un cierto descontento de la comunidad académica del área de Contabilidad en lo relativo a la ponderación de artículos JCR incluidos en listados ISI, considerada excesiva. A su vez existe una creencia general acerca de que el actual sistema de acreditación promueve actitudes individualistas y no valora adecuadamente las actividades docentes, aunque existen diferencias de opinión en función del género, tamaño de universidad, edad, categoría profesional y posesión o no de tramos de investigación.The objective of this paper is to analyze the opinions of accounting professors about The National Accreditation System, as well as about the valuation of the criteria. The survey results show that the accounting community is not satisfied with the excessive weight given to ISI journals. In addition, there is a general belief that the current system promotes individualistic attitudes and does not consider adequately teaching activities, even though opinions vary according to gender, university size, age, professional category and research intensity