TFgeotourism: A Project to Quantify, Highlight, and Promote the Volcanic Geoheritage and Geotourism in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

Volcanic landscapes offer a multitude of resources to the communities that live within them. However, the main attraction that volcanoes offer is associated with volcanic heritage and geotourism. The scope of this project is to create and promote emerging geotouristic products through the empowerment of volcano tourism and thus contribute to strengthening the economic and business fabric of the volcanic island of Tenerife (Spain). In Tenerife, this great geodiversity includes the stravolcanoes, shield volcanoes, calderas, cinder cones, maars, tuff cones and rings, and lava fields, all exposed beautifully in cliffs, ravines, beaches, deposits, etc. The main activities of the project associated with the documentation and quantification of the conservation values of the volcanic heritage are the following: production of a documentary on the volcanic geoheritage of Teide volcano, selection of the top 50 sites of geotouristic interest, creation of urban geotourism itineraries, recreation of the itinerary of Alexander von Humboldt, and creation of a web page for the project. This project will deliver an essential resource needed to diversify the leisure activities offered in Tenerife through the volcanic heritage and geotourism. It quantifies the best that Tenerife can uniquely offer and highlights it in a globally accessible and perpetual manner

The acid crater lake of Taal Volcano, Philippines: hydrogeochemical and hydroacoustic data related to the 2010–11 volcanic unrest

Studies of the water chemistry of Taal crater lake and echo-sounding surveys have provided new insights into its chemical and physical dynamics. During the volcano-seismic unrest of April 2010–June 2011, the waters of Taal crater lake showed changes in chemical composition and increases in CO2 emissions associated with the seismic unrest. The chemical and isotopic data show that the lake water has contributions from both seawater and meteoric water and receives injections of deep hydrothermal water and gases during periods of intense volcano-seismic unrest. These inflationary periods may lead to faulting of the impermeable cap rock that usually seals the deeper Taal hydrothermal reservoir in response to degassing and convective movements in the underlying Taal magma chamber.Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias, EspañaEnvironmental Research Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, EspañaAgencia Insular de Energía de Tenerife, EspañaÁrea de Geología Marina, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaInstitute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, AustraliaPhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, FilipinasGeochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, JapónEarth & Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Estados UnidosPeer reviewe

COLD GASS, an IRAM Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Galaxies: II. The non-universality of the Molecular Gas Depletion Timescale

We study the relation between molecular gas and star formation in a volume-limited sample of 222 galaxies from the COLD GASS survey, with measurements of the CO(1-0) line from the IRAM 30m telescope. The galaxies are at redshifts 0.025<z<0.05 and have stellar masses in the range 10.0<log(M*/Msun)<11.5. The IRAM measurements are complemented by deep Arecibo HI observations and homogeneous SDSS and GALEX photometry. A reference sample that includes both UV and far-IR data is used to calibrate our estimates of star formation rates from the seven optical/UV bands. The mean molecular gas depletion timescale, tdep(H2), for all the galaxies in our sample is 1 Gyr, however tdep(H2) increases by a factor of 6 from a value of ~0.5 Gyr for galaxies with stellar masses of 10^10 Msun to ~3 Gyr for galaxies with masses of a few times 10^11 Msun. In contrast, the atomic gas depletion timescale remains contant at a value of around 3 Gyr. This implies that in high mass galaxies, molecular and atomic gas depletion timescales are comparable, but in low mass galaxies, molecular gas is being consumed much more quickly than atomic gas. The strongest dependences of tdep(H2) are on the stellar mass of the galaxy (parameterized as log tdep(H2)= (0.36+/-0.07)(log M* - 10.70)+(9.03+/-0.99)), and on the specific star formation rate. A single tdep(H2) versus sSFR relation is able to fit both "normal" star-forming galaxies in our COLD GASS sample, as well as more extreme starburst galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs), which have tdep(H2) < 10^8 yr. Normal galaxies at z=1-2 are displaced with respect to the local galaxy population in the tdep(H2) versus sSFR plane and have molecular gas depletion times that are a factor of 3-5 times longer at a given value of sSFR due to their significantly larger gas fractions.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 19 pages, 11 figure

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Urban Geotourism in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) stated that &ldquo;sun and beach&rdquo; tourist destinations needed to direct more resources towards innovation, sustainability and accessibility. This is related to the crisis that many sun and beach tourist destinations are experiencing. In the Canary Islands, changes to legislation together with urban and tourist products have been made in accordance with UNWTO proposals. For many years the island of La Palma has been offering tourists hiking, stargazing and volcano tourism besides &ldquo;sun and beach holidays&rdquo;. However, the 2021 eruption of Tajogaite, Cumbre Vieja aggravated the island&rsquo;s tourism crisis and caused very negative effects on the economy. This work identifies, selects and characterizes places of interest for geotourism development in the two largest population centers (Santa Cruz de La Palma and Los Llanos de Aridane). Santa Cruz de La Palma has 20 points of interest; Los Llanos de Aridane has 14. All sites contribute to showcasing the diversity of the natural and cultural volcanic and non-volcanic heritage of the regions. The geotourism product in La Palma is relatively new and exploits the topography present, including natural outcrops (cinder cones, lava fields, ravines, cliffs, sedimentary deposits or beaches), and also the cultural heritage (religious and civil architecture, streets or town planning, planes). These proposals for urban geotourism take advantage of the volcanic geoheritage of La Palma and increase the breadth and quality of tourism on offer

Effect of vanadium on lettuce growth, cationic nutrition, and yield

Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. "grandes lagos" were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing = (control), 0.1. 0.2. 0.5 and 1 mg/kg of vanadium. Root and leaf growth (expressed as fresh and dry weights) was inhibited by doses 0.2 to 1 mg/kg V. Yields decreased with increasing rates of vanadium. Toxicity symptoms in the roots consisted of color darkenting, club shape of the main roots, reduction of secondary root number and length, and necrosis. Leaves from plants treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg V also showed turgidity loss. Vanadium accumulated in the roots and was poorly translocated to the leaves. All the treatments significantly increased vanadium root levels, but it augmented in the leaves.Peer reviewe

Ambient noise tomography of El Hierro island (Canary Islands)

El Hierro island is one of the most active islands in the Canary Islands from a volcanological point of view. This is the reason why the imaging of the internal crustal structure is of huge importance. The geophysical exploration methods employed on El Hierro Island, such as gravimetry and seismic tomography, allowed obtaining the high-resolution characterization of the crust’s deep part. However, these methods did not yield significant information about the surface and the shallower part of the crust. To gain a deeper insight into the shallow geological structure of El Hierro island, we employed Ambient Noise Tomography to construct a 3D S-wave velocity model. Our investigation revealed the presence of seven significant seismic velocity anomalies, partly identified by previous studies. We identified two high-velocity anomalies located in the eastern and western parts of the island at a depth between 0 and 3 km below sea level (b.s.l.). We interpreted these anomalies as dense intrusive complexes of dikes, possibly linked to the Tanganasoga volcano and the formation of the Tiñor edifice. Additionally, we observed two high-velocity anomalies in the northern and southern parts of the island at a depth between 3 and 4 km b.s.l., which we related to the accumulation of solidified igneous rocks. On the other hand, a low-velocity anomaly was observed in the Golfo valley, between 0 and 0.5 km b.s.l., and we interpreted it as megalandslide deposits. This anomaly was evidenced for the first time in the present study. Finally, two lowvelocity anomalies were observed in the southern part of the island at different depths, between 0–0.5 km b.s.l. and 0–2 km b.s.l. These were interpreted as fractures generated by Quaternary volcanism along the SSE Rift. Also, one of them was evidenced for the first time in this study, corresponding to the zone of the fractures produced during the Quaternary volcanism. This study has allowed us to gain a more detailed understanding of the shallow geological structure of the island. Even if most of the anomalies had been evidenced previously, we could observe the existence of two low-velocity zones in the shallow crust that have not been observed before.Project VOLRISKMAC II (MAC2/3.5b/328)Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (TFassistance