Public and private sector wages interactions in a general equilibrium model

This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the public and the private sector interact in the labor market. Previous studies that analyze the labor market effects of public sector employment and wages have mostly assumed exogenous rules for public wage and public employment. We show that theories that equalize wages with marginal products in the private sector can rationalize the interaction of public and private sector wages when extended to accommodate a non-trivial government sector/public sector union that endogenously determines public employment and wages. Our model suggests a positive correlation between public and private sector wages. Any increase in tax revenues, coupled with the existence of a positive public-private sector wage gap, makes working in the public sector an attractive option. Thus, a positive neutral productivity shock increases public and private sector wages. More interestingly, even a private-sector specific productivity shock spills-over to the public sector, increasing public wages. These facts lend some support to the wage leading role of the private sector. Nevertheless, at the same time, a positive shock to public sector wages would lead to an increase in private sector wages, via the flow of workers from the private to the public sector. JEL Classification: C32, J30, J51, J52, E62, E63, H50Labor market, public employment, public wages, Trade Unions

Perfil ambiental de la industria azucarera de la provincia de Tucumán obtenido a partir de la técnica del Análisis del Ciclo de Vida

La industria del azúcar es una importante actividad a nivel mundial. Durante la campaña 2009/2010, se produjeron 1.683 millones de toneladas de caña de azúcar en el mundo. De los 115 países productores de azúcar, 67 de ellos la producen a partir de caña de azúcar, 39 a partir de remolacha y 9 de caña y remolacha (4). El azúcar de caña se produce principalmente en América y Asia, mientras que el de remolacha se produce principalmente en Europa y, en menor cuantía, en Norteamérica. Hacia 1980, la materia prima para la producción de azúcar era la caña y la remolacha en partes iguales, mientras que en la actualidad, el 80% de la producción mundial de azúcar y gran parte del etanol combustible provienen del cultivo de caña, siendo éste el único que se desarrolla en nuestro país.Fil: Nishihara Hun, Andrea L.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologia; ArgentinaFil: Mele, Fernando Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Gonzalo A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentin

Territorio y organización: accesibilidad y estructura del espacio extremeño

La organización autonómica del Estado, sancionada por la Constitución vigente, constituye un nuevo marco de referencia en un doble sentido. Por un lado, se modifica el viejo y también artificioso marco de las regiones históricas. Por otro y más importante, se otorga a las nuevas comunidades la capacidad de organizarse en el contexto del cuerpo jurídico constitucional. El regionalismo ha pasado a ser objeto de constante atención científica, desde su consistencia conceptual hasta las ramificaciones sectoriales más especializadas, dando lugar en ocasiones a deplorables pérdidas de perspectiva.The autonomic organization of the State, sanctioned by the current Constitution, constitutes a new frame of reference in a double sense. On the one hand, the old and also artificial frame of the historical regions is modified. For another and more important, the new communities are given the ability to organize themselves in the context of the constitutional legal body. Regionalism has become the object of constant scientific attention, from its conceptual consistency to the most specialized sectoral ramifications, sometimes resulting in deplorable losses of perspective.peerReviewe

Territorio y organización: accesibilidad y estructura del espacio extremeño

La organización autonómica del Estado, sancionada por la Constitución vigente, constituye un nuevo marco de referencia en un doble sentido. Por un lado, se modifica el viejo y también artificioso marco de las regiones históricas. Por otro y más importante, se otorga a las nuevas comunidades la capacidad de organizarse en el contexto del cuerpo jurídico constitucional. El regionalismo ha pasado a ser objeto de constante atención científica, desde su consistencia conceptual hasta las ramificaciones sectoriales más especializadas, dando lugar en ocasiones a deplorables pérdidas de perspectiva.The autonomic organization of the State, sanctioned by the current Constitution, constitutes a new frame of reference in a double sense. On the one hand, the old and also artificial frame of the historical regions is modified. For another and more important, the new communities are given the ability to organize themselves in the context of the constitutional legal body. Regionalism has become the object of constant scientific attention, from its conceptual consistency to the most specialized sectoral ramifications, sometimes resulting in deplorable losses of perspective.peerReviewe

Territoriality in diurnal raptors: relative roles of recent evolution, diet and nest site

Animal territoriality, defined here as defence of well-delimited breeding areas to exclude competitors, has beenwidely studied. However, the phylogenetic and ecological characteristics influencing the variation in the expressionof this behaviour are poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of phylogeny and key ecological factors on territorialbehaviour and territory size in diurnal raptors from the western Palearctic and New World. To our knowledge, ourwork is the first comparative analysis of raptor territorial behaviour and territory size that accounts for phylogeneticrelationships. One important finding is that territorial behaviour has not been strongly conserved across evolutionarytime, but differences in territoriality of diurnal raptors have been influenced by recent evolution, which has ledto variations of this behaviour in response to changes in climate and habitat. Raptor current ecology is also associatedwith the expression of these traits. Species that capture more agile prey and nest in more protected sites weremost likely to be territorial. Additionally, territorial species that are bigger and capture more agile and bigger preydefended larger territories than species feeding on more vulnerable and smaller prey. We discuss potential mechanismsfor these patterns and the implications of our findings for future research on avian territoriality.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología-CICYTREMEDINALMinisterio de Educación y Cienci

Overview of the marine litter status in the Atlantic Area: floating litter

CleanAtlantic is an INTERREG Atlantic Area Programme project that aimed at protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Atlantic Area by improving capabilities to monitor, prevent and remove (macro) marine litter. Besides, the project also contributed to raise awareness and change attitudes among stakeholders and to improve marine litter managing systems. To achieve these aims, the work was organised in 8 work packages. The present deliverable aims at synthesizing the main results achieved on the frame of the action 1 of work package 4, which focused on the Regional characterisation of marine litter in the Atlantic Area. More specifically, this report deals with the assessment of the floating litter data available in this area. Additionally, the major key findings, gaps on monitoring and research as well as potential improvements and recommendations are identified

Association between residential proximity to environmental pollution sources and childhood renal tumors

FI=3.835 (año 2016), Q1Background: Few risk factors for childhood renal tumors are well established. While a small fraction of cases might be attributable to susceptibility genes and congenital anomalies, the role of environmental factors needs to be assessed. Objectives: To explore the possible association between residential proximity to environmental pollution sources (industrial and urban areas, and agricultural crops) and childhood renal cancer, taking into account industrial groups and toxic substances released. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of childhood renal cancer in Spain, including 213 incident cases gathered from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors (period 1996-2011), and 1278 controls individually matched by year of birth, sex, and region of residence. Distances were computed from the respective subject's residences to the 1271 industries, the 30 urban areas with ≥75,000 inhabitants, and the agricultural crops located in the study area. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance to pollution sources were calculated, with adjustment for matching variables and socioeconomic confounders. Results: Excess risk (OR; 95%CI) of childhood renal tumors was observed for children living near (≤2.5km) industrial installations as a whole (1.97; 1.13-3.42) - particularly glass and mineral fibers (2.69; 1.19-6.08), galvanization (2.66; 1.14-6.22), hazardous waste (2.59; 1.25-5.37), ceramic (2.35; 1.06-5.21), surface treatment of metals (2.25; 1.24-4.08), organic chemical industry (2.22; 1.15-4.26), food and beverage sector (2.19; 1.18-4.07), urban and waste-water treatment plants (2.14; 1.07-4.30), and production and processing of metals (1.98; 1.03-3.82) -, and in the proximity of agricultural crops (3.16; 1.54-8.89 for children with percentage of crop surface ≥24.35% in a 1-km buffer around their residences). Conclusions: Our study provides some epidemiological evidence that living near certain industrial areas and agricultural crops may be a risk factor for childhood renal cancer.This study was funded by Spain's Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria - FIS 12/01416 and FIS CP11/00112).N

Duas décadas de Acta Colombiana de Psicología: uma análise bibliométrica

The aim of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the journal Acta Colombiana de Psicología, by virtue of its two decades of uninterrupted work (1998-2017). Initially, historical elements are described in the trajectory of the journal and its chronological evolution is revealed from a database that in its final sample took into account 388 scientific articles. Subsequently, the appraisal of the productivity indices (Lotka) as well as of the topics and methodologies used was carried out. Likewise, an appraisal of the collaboration indicators and the relationships between the authors with respect to the signatory countries was performed. The results highlight the large number of papers from Mexican institutions, a sustained increase in collaboration is visualized -which is evident in the Lawani and Subramanyam indices-, and it is found that the largest amount of papers focused on the areas of clinical and health psychology. The analysis undertaken allows showing what the journal has achieved throughout two decades of scientific work during which it contributed fundamentally to the development of psychology in Latin America.O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica da revista Acta Colombiana de Psicología, devido a suas duas décadas de trabalho ininterrupto (1998-2017). Inicialmente, descrevem-se elementos históricos na trajetória da revista e revela-se sua evolução cronológica a partir de uma base de dados que considerou 388 artigos científicos em sua amostra final. Posteriormente, foram realizadas as análises dos índices de produtividade (Lotka) e das temáticas e metodologias utilizadas. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma análise dos indicadores de colaboração e das relações entre os autores com respeito aos países signatários. Nos resultados, destaca-se a grande quantidade de trabalhos provenientes de instituições mexicanas, visualiza-se uma alta prolongada na colaboração - o que se evidencia nos índices de Lawani e Subramanyam -, e nota-se que a maior quantidade de trabalhos concentrou-se nas áreas de psicologia clínica e da saúde. A análise realizada permite exibir o feito da revista ao longo de duas décadas de trabalho científico nas quais colaborou de maneira fundamental para o desenvolvimento da psicologia na América espanhola.El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la revista Acta Colombiana de Psicología, debido a sus dos décadas de trabajo ininterrumpido (1998-2017). Inicialmente, se describen elementos históricos en la trayectoria de la revista y se releva su evolución cronológica a partir de una base de datos que consideró 388 artículos científicos en su muestra final; posteriormente, se realizaron los análisis de los índices de productividad (Lotka) y de las temáticas y metodologías utilizadas. Asimismo, se desarrolló un análisis de los indicadores de colaboración y de las relaciones entre los autores con respecto a los países firmantes. En los resultados se destaca la gran cantidad de trabajos provenientes de instituciones mexicanas, se visualiza un alza sostenida en la colaboración -lo que se evidencia en los índices de Lawani y Subramanyam-, y se encuentra que la mayor cantidad de trabajos se enfocó en las áreas de psicología clínica y de la salud. El análisis realizado permite exhibir lo realizado por la revista a lo largo de dos décadas de trabajo científico en las que se aportó de manera fundamental al desarrollo de la psicología en Hispanoamérica

Stabilization of nitrogen during peatification

Póster SSS24-1MO5P-0439 presentado en la sesión Poster Programme - SSS24 Soil organic matter – cycling of elements and characterization of stable C pool(s) (co-listed in BG).-- Congreso, celebrado del 2-7 de abril de 2006, en Viena, Austria.The chemical nature of nitrogen in peat and coal has long been of interest as a study of the processes responsible for refractory organic matter formation. In contrast to soils, peat develops in relatively homogenous environments with low inter- and intra- special fluxes. Thus, they represent systems in which sediment depth can be related to humification processes. As peat develops where the water table is close to the soil surface, aerobic processes are replaced by anaerobic processes with increasing depths. Also, microbial activity is decreasing with peat depth. Incubating soil after addition of ammonium under sterilized conditions at pH = 7 we observed formation of pyrrole- type N, although only 8% of the added N was recovered in organic forms. Under biotic conditions, on the other hand about 25% of the added N was incorporated in organic forms, 80% of which were attributable to peptides, amino acids and amino sugars. In order to test, if reduced microbial activity in peat fosters abiotic N-immobilization in peat, material derived from the “Großer Bolchov”, located 50 to 60 km southwest of Berlin, Germany, was chemically characterized as a function of peat depths by means of solid-state 13 C and 15 N NMR spectroscopy. This peat developed approximately 11250 years ago and expends to a depths of 7.5 m. The solid-state 13 C NMR spectra showed a pronounced decrease of O-alkyl C con- comitantly with a relative accumulation of long chain alkyl C until a depth of 4 m. At this depth the clear shift towards a higher O-alkyl C content correlates with a change in source material from plant debris to algal remains. With respect to the organic N, a relative enrichment of amino acid N, determined with acid hydrolysis, was observed. Solid-state 15 N NMR spectroscopy confirmed the predominance of peptide N even for the deepest, thus oldest layer. Signals of heterocyclic N were not intense enough for discrimination from the noise. These results confirm that even in the deepest layer abi- otic chemical immobilizaiton had no major impact on organic nitrogen stabilization. It seems that only in environments where temperature and pressure dominates over microbial activity heteroaromatic N can be detectedPeer reviewe