Energetics and development modes of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá

Reproduction is a highly expensive process that during gonadal development requires an important supply of nutrients. The allocation of energy can vary throughout the reproductive cycle, between sexes and development modes. During research cruise aboard the RV Puerto Deseado in April 2016, we collected fifteen species of sea stars from the southernmost region of Argentina. The main purposes of the present study were threefold: first, to revise and report novel information on the reproductive strategies and energetic density (ED) of body components from the asteroids of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Burdwood Bank/ MPA Namuncurá; second, to compare the ED of these body components across species with contrasting reproductive strategies; third, to provide a tool to estimate the ED from dry mass of organs of the sea star species examined. Ovaries of Diplopteraster verrucosus (a brooder with a nidamental chamber) revealed a significantly greater ED than did the testes (29.81 ± 1.38 and 17.76 ± 1.59, respectively). In Glabraster antarctica (a broadcaster with yolky eggs and facultative planktotrophic larvae), the gonads had EDs of 25.78 ± 3.16 and 19.21 ± 0.52 (females and males, respectively). While in Peribolaster folliculatus (a broadcaster with eggs with low yolk content and inferred planktotrophic larvae) there was no significant difference in the ED values between sexes (females: 22.79 ± 1.10 and males: 20.46 ± 1.05). For the pyloric caeca, ED values did not reveal any difference between sexes, although in P. folliculatus, the ED was significantly higher than that for D. verrucosus and G. antarctica (25.90 ± 1.00, 23.03 ± 0.34, and 22.66 ± 0.65, respectively). The body wall had higher ED values in D. verrucosus and P. folliculatus than that for all the sea star species analyzed (46.48 ± 1.63, 51.17 ± 1.34, respectively). Higher ED values in the ovaries could be related to the nutrition of offspring, while differences found in the body wall may reflect the skeletal structure of this body component. This research provides basic information for understanding the differences on energetic allocation when contrasting development modes are considered.Fil: Fraysse, Cintia Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Analía F.. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; ArgentinaFil: Calcagno, Javier Ángel. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Boy, Claudia Clementina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

CHALLENGE 6: Exposing the roots of mental disorders

Mental disorders have devastating and increasing impact in our societies. CSIC researchers face the challenge of determining the biological and social causes and consequences of these disorders, and of finding efficient therapies. To these aims, the collaborative effort of neuroscientists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and human and social scientists, the use and development of state-of-the-art technologies and the contact with patient associations and pharma industry are required.Peer reviewe

Reproductive condition associated to changes in the lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity and damage to lipids in the sea urchins loxechinus albus (Echinodermata echinoidea)

The hypothesis of this study was that oxidative damage in the lipid phase of the gonad of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus increased during gametogenesis. Six different male and female reproductive conditions (reproductive stages) were described: (a) immature, (b) growing, (c) premature I, (d) premature II, (e) mature, and (f) spawned. The content of the lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as the damage to lipids (assessed as the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the content of lipid radicals) were analyzed. The content of the lipid-soluble antioxidants α-tocopherol (α-TH), β-carotene, and echinenone decreased during gametogenesis. In contrast, the content of both TBARS and lipid radicals increased. However, the consumption of lipid-soluble antioxidants was not sufficient to efficiently control lipid damage since the ratio of TBARS content/ α-TH content, taken as an index of damage/protection ratio, significantly increased during the mature stage. Therefore, an active food intake to incorporate antioxidants to the diet is required to adequately prepare the gonad for the next reproductive cycle.La hipótesis de este estudio fue que el daño oxidativo en la fase lipídica de las gónadas en el erizo Loxechinus albus se incrementa durante la gametogénesis. Se describieron seis condiciones reproductivas (estadios reproductivos) en machos y hembras: (a) inmaduros, (b) crecimiento, (c) premaduro I, (d) premaduro II, (e) maduro y (f) desove. El contenido de los antioxidantes liposolubles, así como el daño a lípidos (estimados como el contenido de sustancias reactivas al ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), y el contenido de radicales lipídicos) fue analizado. El contenido de los antioxidantes liposolubles α-tocoferol (α-TH), β-caroteno y equinenona disminuyó durante la gametogénesis. En contraste, tanto el contenido de TBARS como de los radicales lipídicos aumentó. Sin embargo, el consumo de antioxidantes liposolubles no resultó suficiente para controlar en forma eficiente el daño a lípidos; ya que el índice contenido de TBARS/contenido de α-TH,  tomado como un indicador de la relación daño/protección, aumentó significativamente durante la madurez gonadal. Por lo tanto, una activa alimentación que permita la incorporación de antioxidantes mediante la dieta se requiere para preparar adecuadamente a la gónada para el próximo ciclo reproductivo

CONDIÇÃO REPRODUTIVA ASSOCIADA À MUDANÇAS NA CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE LIPOSOLÚVEL E O DANO A LIPÍDIOS NO OURIÇO DO MAR LOXECHINUS ALBUS (ECHINODERMATA: ECHINOIDEA)

La hipótesis de este estudio fue que el daño oxidativo en la fase lipídica de las gónadas en el erizo Loxechinus albus se incrementa durante la gametogénesis. Se describieron seis condiciones reproductivas (estadios reproductivos) en machos y hembras: (a) inmaduros, (b) crecimiento, (c) premaduro I, (d) premaduro II, (e) maduro y (f) desove. El contenido de los antioxidantes liposolubles, así como el daño a lípidos (estimados como el contenido de sustancias reactivas al ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), y el contenido de radicales lipídicos) fue analizado. El contenido de los antioxidantes liposolubles α-tocoferol (α-TH), β-caroteno y equinenona disminuyó durante la gametogénesis. En contraste, tanto el contenido de TBARS como de los radicales lipídicos aumentó. Sin embargo, el consumo de antioxidantes liposolubles no resultó suficiente para controlar en forma eficiente el daño a lípidos; ya que el índice contenido de TBARS/contenido de α-TH,  tomado como un indicador de la relación daño/protección, aumentó significativamente durante la madurez gonadal. Por lo tanto, una activa alimentación que permita la incorporación de antioxidantes mediante la dieta se requiere para preparar adecuadamente a la gónada para el próximo ciclo reproductivo.The hypothesis of this study was that oxidative damage in the lipid phase of the gonad of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus increased during gametogenesis. Six different male and female reproductive conditions (reproductive stages) were described: (a) immature, (b) growing, (c) premature I, (d) premature II, (e) mature, and (f) spawned. The content of the lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as the damage to lipids (assessed as the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the content of lipid radicals) were analyzed. The content of the lipid-soluble antioxidants α-tocopherol (α-TH), β-carotene, and echinenone decreased during gametogenesis. In contrast, the content of both TBARS and lipid radicals increased. However, the consumption of lipid-soluble antioxidants was not sufficient to efficiently control lipid damage since the ratio of TBARS content/ α-TH content, taken as an index of damage/protection ratio, significantly increased during the mature stage. Therefore, an active food intake to incorporate antioxidants to the diet is required to adequately prepare the gonad for the next reproductive cycle.A hipótese deste estudo foi que o dano oxidante na fase lipídica das gônadas no ouriço Loxechinus albus aumenta durante a gametogêneses. Descreveram-se seis condições reprodutivas (estados reprodutivos) nos machos e fêmeas: (a) imaturos, (b) crescimento, (c) prematuro I, (d) prematuro II, (e) maduro e (f) desova. O conteúdo dos antioxidantes lipossolúveis, assim como o dano a lipídios (estimados como o conteúdo de substâncias reativas ao ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), e o conteúdo de radicais lipídicos) foi analisado. O conteúdo dos antioxidantes lipossolúveis α-tocoferol (α-TH), β-caroteno e equinenona diminuiu durante a gametogêneses. Em contraste, tanto o conteúdo de TBARS como dos radicais lipídicos aumentou. Porém, o consumo de antioxidantes lipossolúveis não resultou ser suficiente para controlar de forma eficiente o dano aos lipídios; já que o índice de conteúdo de TBARS/conteúdo de a -TH, tirado como um indicador da relação dano/proteção, aumentou significativamente durante a maturidade gonadal. Portanto, una ativa alimentação que permita a incorporação de antioxidantes através da dieta é requerida para preparar a gônada adequadamente para o próximo ciclo reprodutivo

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Effect of dietary carotenoids on lipoperoxidation in mature sea urchins <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Loxechinus albus</i> (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)</span>

354-363Present study consists the effects of dietary carotenoids on the gonad and gut index, colour of gonads, carotenoid pigments and lipid peroxidation in the gonads and gut of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus. Individuals were fed for 8 weeks with the following diets: (A) fresh algae, (B) and (C) enriched with 0.02% and 0.045% all trans β-carotene, respectively. After treatment, no significant differences were found in total weight, test diameter, gonad and gut indexes but gonads of L. albus fed on Diet C showed a better color than those fed on other diets. Histological analysis showed differences in the gonad reproductive condition among treatments. Content of β-carotene in gonads and gut showed no significant differences among treatments, neither between organs. The content of echinenone in gonads was significantly higher than in gut for Diet C and the field control. Lipid radical content was lower in gonads than in gut for Diet C. The content of α-tocopherol in gonads was higher in sea urchins fed on Diet C and in the field control, than in sea urchins fed on Diet A and B. </span

Single-dose Universal Hepatitis A Immunization in One-year-old Children in Argentina: High Prevalence of Protective Antibodies up to 9 Years After Vaccination

Fil: Urueña, Analía. Dirección Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Fil: González, Jorge E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Rearte, Analía. Dirección Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Fil: Pérez Carrega, María Eugenia. Dirección Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Fil: Calli Flores, Rogelio. Dirección de Epidemiología del Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Provincia de Tucumán, Tucumán; Argentina.Fil: Pagani, María F. Servicio de Gastroenterología. Hospital del Niño Jesús de Tucumán, Tucumán; Argentina.Fil: Uboldi, Andrea. Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Santa Fe; Argentina.Fil: Vicentín, Rosalía. Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Orlando Alassia, Santa Fe; Argentina.Fil: Caglio, Patricia. Hospital Nacional Prof. Dr. Alejandro Posadas, Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Cañero-Velasco, María C. Hospital de Niños de San Justo, Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Angela. Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Fil: Ramonet, Margarita. Comisión Nacional de Hepatología, Sociedad Argentina de pediatría, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Fil: Vizzotti, Carla. Dirección Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, C.A.B.A.; Argentina.Single-dose hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination was implemented in all Argentinean children 12 months of age in 2005. Previous studies demonstrated high prevalence of protective antibody response 4 years after single-dose vaccination. This study assessed long-term seroprotection against HAV after vaccination