Upgrade of the device for depositions by ion beam sputtering

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a realizací aparatury umožňující zakládání vzorků do vakua bez nutnosti zavzdušnění depoziční komory. Jsou diskutovány teoretické základy vakuových technologií. Dále je práce zaměřena na popis stávající depoziční komory a její princip. Největší část práce se zabývá popisem návrhů aparatury pro zakládání vzorků. První návrh, od kterého se opustilo, je popsán jen stručně, u druhého návrhu jsou rozepsány jednotlivé kroky a řešení. V práci je i jednoduchý návod na zakládání vzorků. Na závěr jsou prezentovány výsledky simulací chladícího sytému vzorků a průhybu magnetické tyče.This thesis deals with concept and realization of device which allows loading without air intake. Vacuum technology and its theoretical bases are discussed as well. Moreover the thesis is based on description of the current deposition chamber and its principles. The main part deals with the description of the concepts of lock and load systems. The first concept that has not been realized is described just briefly. The second one is thorough with description of the individual solutions and methods. The work also contains simple instructions how to install the specimen. At the end are described some outputs of simulations that have been done to comprehend and solve any problems that might occur as specimen holder cooling and deflection of magnetic rod.

Detection and analysis of crystal defects in Si wafer for electronics

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá studiem a vyhodnocováním krystalografických defektů na povrchu křemíkových desek vyrobených Czochralského metodou. Zaměřuje se především na růstové defekty a kyslíkové precipitáty, které hrají významnou roli při vzniku vhodných nukleačních center pro růst vrstevných chyb. Růst vrstevných chyb v blízkosti povrchu křemíkových desek je podpořen jejich oxidací a selektivním leptáním. Takto výrazněné vrstevné chyby se označují jako OISF z anglického Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault. Prostorové rozložení OISF na desce dává zpětnou vazbu k procesu tažení monokrystalu křemíku a kvalitě povrchu desek. Dále je v této práci popis zařízení pro automatickou detekci a analýzu OISF, které bylo vyvinuto pro firmu ON Semiconductor v Rožnově pod Radhoštěm.The thesis deals with the study and analysis of crystallographic defects on the surface of silicon wafers produced by Czochralski method. It focuses primarily on growth defects and oxygen precipitates, which play an important role in the development of appropriate nucleation centers for growth of stacking faults. The growth of stacking faults near the surface of silicon wafers is supported by their oxidation and selective etching. Such a highlighted stacking faults are known as the OISF (Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault). Spatial distribution of OISF on the wafer gives feedback to the process of pulling silicon single crystal and wafers surface quality. Moreover the work describes the device for automatic detection and analysis of OISF, which was developed for ON Semiconductor company in Rožnov Radhoštěm.

Nowe możliwości leczenia wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu C

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is the leading causes of chronic liver disease and its irreversible conse­quences: liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcino­ma. According to the estimates of the World Health Organization, about 1.5% (~71 million) of the global population exhibits the active infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the number of deaths associated with its complications reaches 500,000 per year. Clinically, the disease may be insidious for many years, with mild and non characteristic symptoms. Diagnosis can be established only at the stage of advanced liver disease. Not rarely, serious extra­hepatic pathology develops following chronic HCV infection. Until 2014 the most commonly used anti­viral therapy consisted of combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Its efficacy did not exceed 50%, and serious side effects were a significant ob­stacle to its use. Since 2015 new oral directly act­ing antiviral drugs (DAA) have been available in the treatment of CHC. They are characterized by a very favorable safety profile and high efficacy, mak­ing it possible to cure HCV infection in 90–95% of cases

Leczenie przewlekłego wirusowego zapalenia wątroby typu C u pacjenta leczonego dializą otrzewnową z powodu przewlekłej choroby nerek oraz u pacjenta po transplantacji nerki — opisy przypadków

Introduction of non-interferon therapy has become a milestone in viral C hepatitis treatment and allowed to reach a sustained viral response in over 90% of patients treated this way. Dialysed patients and patients after solid organ transplantation are espe­cially exposed to HCV infection. The case studies of patients presented in the article show that despite the higher risk of side effects and possible interac­tions — with immunosuppressive drugs especially — thanks to perfect cooperation between Outdoor Departments of Infectious Diseases and Nephrology, effective and safe therapy is possible even in this special group of patients

Colorectal tumors diagnosed in patients after renal transplantation — case reports

Rak jelita grubego należy do jednego z najczęstszych typów nowotworów litych występujących u osób dorosłych. Wiadomo, że stan po przeszczepieniu nerki wiąże się z większym ryzykiem rozwoju chorób nowotworowych. Wykrycie nowotworu u pacjenta po przeszczepieniu nerki wiąże się z gorszym rokowaniem w porównaniu do chorego z populacji ogólnej. Konieczne jest prowadzenie badań przesiewowych mających na celu wykrycie ewentualnych zmian rozrostowych na wczesnym etapie zaawansowania, co znacznie zwiększa szansę na skuteczne wyleczenie. W artykule przedstawiono dwa przypadki kliniczne pacjentów po przeszczepieniu nerki, u których rozpoznanie postawiono na etapie zaawansowanego nowotworu, czego efektem było niepowodzenie terapeutyczne.Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of solid tumors occurring in adults. It is known that kidney transplantation is associated with greater risk of developing cancer. Detection of cancer in a patient after kidney transplantation is associated with worse prognosis compared to a patient from the general population. It is necessary to conduct screening in order to detect potential proliferative lesions at an early stage of development, which greatly increases the chance of successful recovery. The article presents two clinical cases of kidney transplanted patients in whom cancer in advanced stage was diagnosed, which resulted in therapeutic failure

Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Indole-Derived Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 as Compared to the Phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC in Rats

Synthetic cannabinoid compounds are marketed as “legal” marijuana substitutes, even though little is known about their behavioral effects in relation to their pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, in the present study we assessed the behavioral effects of systemic treatment with the two synthetic cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 and the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC on locomotor activity, anxiety-like phenotype (in the open field) and sensorimotor gating (measured as prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, PPI), in relation to cannabinoid serum levels. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously (sc.) with JWH-073 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), JWH-210 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), Δ9-THC (1 or 3 mg/kg) or vehicle (oleum helanti) in a volume of 0.5 ml/kg and tested in the open field and PPI. Although JWH-073, JWH-210, Δ9-THC (and its metabolites) were confirmed in serum, effects on sensorimotor gating were absent, and locomotor activity was only partially affected. Δ9-THC (3 mg/kg) elicited an anxiolytic-like effect as suggested by the increased time spent in the center of the open field (p < 0.05). Our results further support the potential anxiolytic-like effect of pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system

The importance of performing colonoscopy in patients before and after renal transplantation

Korzystny wpływ przeszczepienia nerki u chorych wymagających stałego leczenia nerkozastępczego z powodu przewlekłej choroby nerek (CKD) jest faktem powszechnie akceptowanym. Udana operacja chroni pacjenta przed wieloma powikłaniami, które mogłyby się rozwinąć w trakcie przewlekłej dializoterapii. Wiele dowodów wskazuje jednak na to, że chorzy po przeszczepieniu narządu są bardziej narażeni na występowanie nowotworów niż osoby zdrowe. Wśród tych zmian nowotwory skóry inne niż czerniak występują najczęściej. Również ryzyko wystąpienia nowotworów litych jest 2‒4-krotnie większe od ryzyka populacyjnego. Wymieniane są tu nowotwory nosogardzieli, przewodu pokarmowego i układu moczowego. Wiadomo, że obecnie nowotwory są drugą po chorobach układu sercowo-naczyniowego przyczyną zgonu u chorych po przeszczepieniu nerki. Celem pracy była ocena aktualnej wiedzy na temat częstości występowania nowotworów jelita grubego u pacjentów będących po przeszczepieniu nerki oraz podkreślenie wagi działań profilaktycznych i leczniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli badań kolonoskopowych w wykrywaniu patologii przewodu pokarmowego.The beneficial effect of kidney transplantation in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy due to chronic kidney disease is a commonly accepted fact. Kidney transplantation protects patients against many complications that could develop during chronic dialysis. Abundant evidence indicates, however, that organ transplant patients are at higher risk of incidence of cancer than healthy people. Among those changes in skin cancers other than melanoma occur most frequently. Also, the risk of solid tumors is 2–4 times larger than the population risk. Mentioned here are nasopharyngeal cancer, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract neoplasms. It is known that cancer is currently the second, after diseases of the cardiovascular cause of death in patients after renal transplantation. The aim of the study was to assess the current knowledge on the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients who are after kidney transplant and emphasize the importance of preventive measures and medicines with particular emphasis on the role of colonoscopy in detecting pathology of the gastrointestinal tract

The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action

Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin’s antidepressant properties like other antidepressant drugs via induction of neuroplasticity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of psilocybin on sleep architecture on the night after psilocybin administration. Regarding the potential antidepressant properties, we hypothesized that psilocybin, similar to other classical antidepressants, would reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and prolong REM sleep latency. Moreover, we also hypothesized that psilocybin would promote slow-wave activity (SWA) expression in the first sleep cycle, a marker of sleep-related neuroplasticity. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, age 28–53) underwent two drug administration sessions, psilocybin or placebo, in a randomized, double-blinded design. Changes in sleep macrostructure, SWA during the first sleep cycle, whole night EEG spectral power across frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, and changes in subjective sleep measures were analyzed. The results revealed prolonged REM sleep latency after psilocybin administration and a trend toward a decrease in overall REM sleep duration. No changes in NREM sleep were observed. Psilocybin did not affect EEG power spectra in NREM or REM sleep when examined across the whole night. However, psilocybin suppressed SWA in the first sleep cycle. No evidence was found for sleep-related neuroplasticity, however, a different dosage, timing, effect on homeostatic regulation of sleep, or other mechanisms related to antidepressant effects may play a role. Overall, this study suggests that potential antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep