Complex Solitary Waves and Soliton Trains in KdV and mKdV Equations

We demonstrate the existence of complex solitary wave and periodic solutions of the Kortweg de-vries (KdV) and modified Kortweg de-Vries (mKdV) equations. The solutions of the KdV (mKdV) equation appear in complex-conjugate pairs and are even (odd) under the simultaneous actions of parity ($\cal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\cal{T}$) operations. The corresponding localized solitons are hydrodynamic analogs of Bloch soliton in magnetic system, with asymptotically vanishing intensity. The $\cal{PT}$-odd complex soliton solution is shown to be iso-spectrally connected to the fundamental $sech^2$ solution through supersymmetry

Functional Roles of Farmer Producer Companies: the Stakeholders’ Perception

This study explored the perception of stakeholders of selected Farmer Producer Companies (FPC) ofKerala, India, on the functional role of such companies in the livelihood betterment of farmers. Five roles were identified and ranked based on the percentage scores for understanding the perception of the role of FPCs. The five roles analyzed included facilitate development of member farmers, increase the cultivation of particular crop, identify needs of farmers and conduct trainings/ exposure visits, delivery of services to farmers and creation of more employment among farmers. Based on results it was inferred that stakeholders from various FPCs in the state identified delivery of services to farmers as the most important functional role of FPCs. This was followed by the role of farmer development facilitation which was agreed by over 75 percent of all categories. Creation of more employment opportunities for farmers, and impart of trainings and exposure visits to them was given comparatively less importance by all the stakeholders. The least important role identified was increasing the crop cultivation

Horizontal Planar Motion Mechanism (HPMM) Incorporated to the existing towing carriage for Ship Manoeuvring Studies

Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM) equipment is a facility generally attached with Towing Tank to perform experimental studies with ship models to determine the manoeuvring characteristics of a ship. Ship model is oscillated at prescribed amplitude and frequency in different modes of operation while it is towed along the towing tank at predefined speed.The hydrodynamic forces and moments are recorded, analyzed and processed to get the hydrodynamic derivatives appearing in the manoeuvring equations of motion of a ship. This paper presents the details about the Horizontal Planar Motion Mechanism (HPMM) equipment which is designed, developed and installed in Towing Tank laboratory at IIT Madras

Effect of dopants on thermal stability and self-diffusion in iron nitride thin films

We studied the effect of dopants (Al, Ti, Zr) on the thermal stability of iron nitride thin films prepared using a dc magnetron sputtering technique. Structure and magnetic characterization of deposited samples reveal that the thermal stability together with soft magnetic properties of iron nitride thin films get significantly improved with doping. To understand the observed results, detailed Fe and N self-diffusion measurements were performed. It was observed that N self-diffusion gets suppressed with Al doping whereas Ti or Zr doping results in somewhat faster N diffusion. On the other hand Fe self-diffusion seems to get suppressed with any dopant of which heat of nitride formation is significantly smaller than that of iron nitride. Importantly, it was observed that N self-diffusion plays only a trivial role, as compared to Fe self-diffusion, in affecting the thermal stability of iron nitride thin films. Based on the obtained results effect of dopants on self-diffusion process is discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 9 fig

A Feasibility Study on Using Gfrp Composites Bar in Rc Flexural Member

Steel reinforcements are commonly used for Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams all around the world to take flexural tension. But, the durability of the structure is reduced due to reinforcement steel corrosion. Avoiding reinforcement corrosion and finding alternative material to take flexural tension is the contemporary research work in the field of structural engineering. In the present study, RC beams are reinforced with Glass Fibre Reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites bar at tension zone and flexural test was carried out to determine the bending moment resistance of the beam. GFRP bars were prepared in the industry with the help of pultruded U-section box formwork. GFRP bars were coated with sand using epoxy resin to increase the bond between bars and the RC beam. Three GFRP reinforced concrete beam specimens of size 700 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm were prepared. Also, same size of normal steel reinforced cement concrete beam member was prepared. After 28 days curing, three point bending test was carried out for all the four beams. Flexural capacity of beams with GFRP bars were compared with RC beam with steel bars. The results revealed that the flexural capacity of RC beams with GFRP bars is more than that of RC beam with steel bars. Also, theoretical analysis was carried out to determine the flexural strength of RC beam with steel and GFRP bars and compared with experimental results

Progressive Damage and Failure Analysis of Bonded Composite Joints at High Energy Dynamic Impacts

Both wing and fuselage structures utilize bonded composite joints for structural efficiency in modern commercial and military aircraft. To ensure compliance with certification requirements mechanical fasteners are typically used as a failsafe mechanism for appropriate strength in the event of complete stiffener disbond. However, the use of fasteners decreases the structural efficiency of the structure by adding weight. This establishes the requirement to better exploit the efficiency of bonded structures and fully understand the failure behavior of adhesively bonded composite structures, particularly when subjected to elevated loading rates due to high energy dynamic impacts (HEDI). For this reason, the NASA Advanced Composite Consortium (ACC) HEDI team developed an experimentation and numerical modeling program for high rate loading of composite joints. In the present work, the response of adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to elevated loading rates is studied numerically and validated against experimental results. Due to dynamic considerations of experiments, the idea of wedge insert was extended to use with Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) testing techniques. Mode-I and Mode-II test configurations were simulated to evaluate the capability of two continuum damage material (CDM) models in LS-DYNA, namely MAT162 and MAT261. Three different levels of fidelity were considered to investigate the level of detail required to numerically predict the failure behavior and the results from high fidelity analysis are presented

EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM) AND LAWSONIA INERMIS (HENNA)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Lawsonia inermis(henna) individual extract and in combination using the same solvent.Methods: The leaf material of A. indica and L. inermis was collected from surroundings of Aditya College of Pharmacy, Kakinada, East Godavari.Powdered material was subjected to successive solvent extraction process. The yield was collected and prepared different concentrations (50, 100,and 200 μg/ml) of plant extracts. Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed by in vitro methodssuch as albumin denaturation method and human red blood cells membrane lysis method.Results: Denaturation of proteins is a well-documented cause of inflammation. Neem showed a significant membrane stabilizing activity of 46.62% and protein denaturation inhibition activity of 57.32% at concentration of 200 μg/ml. Henna showed a significant membrane stabilizing activity of 39.89% and protein denaturation inhibition activity of 53.75% at 200 μg/ml. In combination, both the extracts showed a significant membranestabilizing activity of 56.63% and protein denaturation inhibition activity of 67.69% at concentration of 200 μg/ml.Conclusion: The present study concluded that combination of A. indica and L. inermis possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity when comparedwith individual extract.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Human red blood cell, Protein denaturation, Lawsonia inermis, Azadiracta indica