Trade patterns and strategies of South Africa and Turkey

A research report submitted to graduate School of Social Sciences of University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master International Relations in Department of International Relations University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg February 2017Manufacturing and International trade are key concept between advanced and developing countries for growth. However, developing countries on the path of industrialization are perceived to have a gloomy future regarding their trade patterns and strategies because these countries are schizophrenic about the liberalization of the trade policy to protect their industry. The purpose of this research report is to analyze this fogginess on the path of newly industrialized countries by observing the similarities and differences between Turkey and South Africa export patterns and strategies. The study covers South African and Turkey export conducted only in 2015. Both countries’ patterns and strategies are analyzed with data based descriptive statistic embodied by the author. We use various indexes from the literature and develop some original indexes as our own contributions. We classified the export commodities based on: (1) Natural Resource, (2) Low-Tech Manufacturing, (3) High-Tech Manufacturing.MT201

Examination of the Relationship between Occupational Professionalism and Occupational Alienation in Kindergarten Teachers

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the levels of occupational professionalism and occupational alienation in kindergarten teachers. Correlational survey model among the quantitative research models was used in the research. In this context, 224 kindergarten teachers were reached via convenience sampling model. The data of the research was collected via the Teacher Information Form, Teachers’ Occupational Professionalism Scale and Occupational Alienation of Preschool Teachers Scale. SPSS software and statistical measures such as independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation were used to analyse the obtained data. According to the research findings, both occupational professionalism and occupational alienation levels of kindergarten teachers were found to be high. Levels of occupational professionalism and occupational alienation may differ according to some demographic variables among teachers. The relationship between occupational professionalism and occupation alienation was found to be statistically significant. The same is also true for the sub-dimensions of the scales. Lastly, the findings and results obtained during the research were discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions were made

BTN1A1 , FABP3 and TG genes polymorphism in East Anatolian red cattle breed and South Anatolian red cattle breed

The aim of the study was to determine butyrophilin, thyroglobulin and fatty acid binding protein genes in East Anatolian Red cattle breed and South Anatolian Red cattle breed. In the study, unrelated 50 South Anatolian red and 50 East Anatolian red cattle were used. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using standart salt-out protocol. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used for gene amplification. Allele and genotype distribution and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was calculated by using PopGene32 software program. For BTN1A1 gene, A allele frequency was higher in East Anatolian red (EAR) and South Anatolian red (SAR) cattles. In TG gene, T allele frequency was higher in SAR breed but this frequency was lower in EAR cattle breed. For FABP3 gene, G allele frequency was lower in SAR breed but it was higher in EAR breed. The presented results should be confirmed in future investigations, taking into consideration all possible genotype at different loci and using other restriction enzymes for recognizing the variants.Keywords: BTN1A1, TG, FABP3, cattle, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 2802-280

The effects of artificial rearing and fostering on the growth, carcass and meat quality of lambs

Lamb rearing is a key point to ensure good quality at the end of the production cycle. Fostering and artificial rearing are techniques commonly used when natural rearing is compromised. However, there is a lack of research investigating their impact on the product´s quality, especially when lambs are slaughtered late, around 6 months of age. The current study investigated the effects of artificially reared and fostered lambs on growth, carcass and meat quality. The three foster methods under study were birth fluids, cervical stimulation combined with birth fluids and restraint. Animals were weaned at 3 months of age, and processed at 6 months of age. Artificially reared lambs presented lower weight gains than ewe reared ones at young ages. They also presented worse conformation scores at the processing plant. No differences could be found for growth rates, carcass or meat quality among the foster methods tested

Bos indicus associated alleles in Anatolian cattle breeds support zebu introgression into Near East

Origin and expansion of cattle domestication has always been an important field of research. Two main species of cattle, Bos taurus and Bos indicus have been domesticated separately in the Fertile Crescent and Indus Valley, respectively. Anatolia is accepted as a primary centre of taurine cattle domestication and it is accepted that considerable levels of Bos indicus (zebu) introgression have occurred at this centre. Molecular genetic studies on Anatolian breeds are especially important for obtaining information about cattle domestication, due to the geographic and cultural position of Anatolia. The genetic database of Anatolian cattle breeds has been established only recently and the conclusions of the Previous studies related to this topic need to be brought together. This review summarizes the autosomal data of these breeds acquired in recent years to show the gene flow from zebu cattle. The results of the studies on prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pituitary-specific transcription factor 1 (PIT-1), growth hormone (GE), growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) and prion protein (PRNP) genes showed that Bos indicus associated alleles are present in South Anatolian Red (SAR) and East Anatolian Red (EAR) breeds with different levels. Characteristics like adaptation to climatic conditions, resistance to poor breeding, feeding conditions and parasitic diseases might be inherited from zebu to Anatolian cattle. A better understanding of genetic characteristics of Anatolian cattle breeds will not only contribute to the development of livestock breeding, but it will also contribute to the knowledge about the history of domestication

An Investigation on Relation between Self-Regulation Skills of Pre-School Students and Parental Attitudes

This research aims to investigate the relation between self-regulation skills of pre-school students and the effect of parental attitudes. The subjects of this study consist of 155 children, 79 girls and 76 boys, who were going to the pre-school education institutions affiliated to the Bartin Provincial National Education Directorate and their parents. In order to determine the self regulation skills of the children the ``Preschool Self Regulation Scale{''} has been applied to the children individually, and to determine the attitudes of the parents the ``Family Attitude Inventory{''} has been used to collect the data. Since there has been no distribution of normality encountered in the test of normality, the Mann-Whitney U test has been used in the two group comparisons, for the correlation between the variables, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient has been used. The significance level has been determined as 0,05. As a conclusion, no significant correlation has been detected between the attention/impulse control and positive feeling scores, which are sub-dimensions of self regulation skills, and the sub-dimensions and total score's of family attitudes inventory. It can be obviously seen that especially the attention and impulse sub dimensions of the pre-school girl students in the experimental group have been more developed and that these children show high self-regulation skills in this sub dimension. It was determined that the parents of the study group had the highest attitudes to identify with their children, followed by social mobility, democratic attitudes and compliance behaviors

Growth performance and metabolic profile of Chios lambs prevented from colostrum intake and artificially reared on a calf milk replacer

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of artificial rearing on growth performance and metabolism of lambs as measured by some key blood metabolite parameters. A total of 20 Chios lambs were used. Newborn twin and triplet lambs were divided into 2 groups. The first-born lambs of twins or triplets formed the artificially reared (AR) group. The other lambs formed the ewe-reared (ER) group. Blood samples were taken from lambs of both groups during the first 24 h after birth and at weeks 1, 2, and 3. Effects of rearing method on plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea, total lipids concentrations, survival rate, body weight, and average daily gain (ADG) were assessed. Body weight and ADG were significantly affected by rearing methods (P < 0.001). Plasma total protein and globulin concentrations of the lambs in the ER group were significantly higher than in the AR group at 18 and 24 h, and at weeks 1 and 2. Plasma urea concentrations at 18 and 24 h, and plasma total lipid concentrations at 24 h and at week 1 were significantly higher in the ER group than in the AR group. In conclusion, our results indicated that artificial rearing of lambs with calf milk replacer decreased survivability and inhibited growth rates

Effect of reduced energy diet on some blood biochemical indicators in the late pregnant ewes

The objective of the present study was to investigate effects of feeding pregnant ewes with a reduced-energy diet during the late gestation period by monitoring changes in blood levels of some biochemical parameters. A total of 30 5-6-year-old Chios ewes (20 pregnant, 10 non-pregnant) were used. On day 105 of their gestation the pregnant ewes were divided into 2 treatment groups of 10 animals in each: an energy restricted group (ER) and normal energy group (NE). The ewes that were not pregnant were assigned as a group of non-pregnant ewes (NP). Blood samples were taken from the ewes of all groups on days 120, 127, 134, 141, and 148 of gestation and analysed in order to determine levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose, and total lipids. The results indicated that the levels of total proteins and globulin were found to be lower in the last 4 weeks of gestation in ER and NE groups as compared to those in the NP group. Levels of total protein and globulin in NE and ER groups persistently decreased between days 120 and 148 (P < 0.05). During the last 4 weeks of gestation glucose levels of pregnant ewes were found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) as compared to those of NP ewes. No difference was discovered between NE and ER groups in the levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and A/G rations. Levels of total lipids constantly increased in the last 5 weeks of gestation. The highest increase in total lipids was seen in the ER group ewes (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that feeding with a reduced energy diet may not adversely affect maternal immunity and transfer of Igs to colostrum. However, significant increases in total lipids in the ER group indicate that increased energy needed for fast fetal growth was met by the mobilisation of reserve fats

The Metabolic Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation to the Diets of Laying Hens under Heat Stress (35 degrees C)

The aim of the study, was to investigate the effects of vitamin E and heat stress on the metabolism of laying hens. In the study, 120 Leghorn line laying hens were used. The study was carried out in 9 weeks and divided into 3 periods. The hens were divided into 2 groups. The control and experimental groups were subdivided into 3 groups of 20 hens each. The hens in the subgroups were fed the standard full feed layer ration supplemented with extra 50 and 75 mg kg(-1) vitamin E, respectively. The temperature of the room of the experimental groups was raised to 35 degrees C during the second period. It was verified that heat stress lead to significant increase in plasma total protein, albumin, total lipid and cholesterol concentrations during the second period of the experiment. As a result, it might be concluded that supplementing vitamin E to the diet during heat stress does not have any positive effect on the metabolism