Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Continuous Pressurized Irrigation and Dissection in Acute Cholecystitis

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary results of a new dissection technique in acute cholecystitis. Material and Method. One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis were operated on with continuous pressurized irrigation and dissection technique. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological evidences. Age, gender, time from symptom onset to hospital admission, operative risk according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein test levels, positive findings of radiologic evaluation of the patients, operation time, perioperative complications, mortality, and conversion to open surgery were prospectively recorded. Results. Of the 149 patients, 87 (58,4%) were female and 62 (41,6%) were male. The mean age was 46.3±6.7 years. The median time from symptom onset to hospital admission 3.2 days (range, 1–6). There were no major complications such as bile leak, common bile duct injury or bleeding. Subhepatic liquid collection occurred in 3 of the patients which was managed by percutaneous drainage. Conversion to open surgery was required in four (2,69%) patients. There was no mortality in the study group. Conclusion. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with continuous pressurized irrigation and dissection technique in acute cholecystitis seems to be an effective and reliable procedure with low complication and conversion rates

Teaching the Academic Word List in Foreign Language Speaking Classes

WOS: 00043485270039

Site investigations and convergence measurements for a twin metro tunnel driven in Ankara clay, Turkey

© The Geological Society of London 2006 10th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment – Engineering geology for tomorrow’s citiesOver population and increase in the traffic congestion in urban areas have led to an inevitable rise in the construction of underground structures. Therefore, a project consisting of 9325m twin metro tunnel construction has been planned by the Greater Municipality of Ankara in order to help to ease transportation problems in Ankara, Turkey. This paper presents the geotechnical properties along the tunnel route, and construction of the Middle East Technical University (METU) twin metro tunnel between 2.720 and 4.000 km as a part of Ankara project III. The twin metro tunnel runs mainly through Ankara Clay above this is artificial fill material. Each tunnel has approximately 38 m2 cross-sectional area and is excavated in two stages in accordance with New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). There have been several drilling holes conducted to investigate groundwater levels and engineering properties of the host medium; these will be examined in the paper. In order to monitor the amount of tunnel closure, convergence measurements taken during construction of the tunnel will be presented and discussed.Aydin Ozsan and Murat Karaku

AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE MAL SECCO DISEASE FOUND IN LEMON TREES CAUSED BY THE FUNGUS PHOMA TRACHEIPHILA KANC ET GHIK

WOS: A1987G830900006

Finite element analysis for the twin metro tunnel constructed in Ankara Clay, Turkey

The paper presents the geotechnical properties along the route of the 9,325 m twin tunnel metro route in the Greater Municipality of Ankara. Convergence measurements taken during tunnel construction are presented and discussed. In addition, the convergence of the twin metro tunnels was analysed by means of a 2D plane strain finite element (FE) analysis. The FE model estimations and the field measurements are compared. © Springer-Verlag 2006.Murat Karakus, Aydın Ozsan and Hakan Başarı

Analysis of support requirements for a shallow diversion tunnel at Guledar dam site, Turkey

Engineering geological properties and support design of a planned diversion tunnel at Guledar dam site, which was located at the North of Ankara, Turkey were studied in this article. The main purpose of the construction of the planned tunnel is to regulate, drainage and to provide water for irrigation purposes. The diversion tunnel runs mainly through formations of limestone, sandstone and diabase. Rock masses at the site were characterized using Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Mass Quality (Q), Rock Mass Index (RMi) and Geological Strength Index (GSI). RMR, Q, RMi and GSI were determined by using field data and mechanical properties of intact rock samples, measured in the laboratory. Support requirements for the planned diversion tunnel were determined accordingly in terms of the rock mass classification systems. Recommended support systems by empirical methods were also analyzed using 2D Finite Element method. Calculated parameters based on empirical methods were used as input parameters in the finite element models. The results from both methods were compared with each other. This comparison suggests that more reliable support design could be achieved by using the finite element method together with the empirical methods.H. Basarira, A. Ozsanb and M. Karakushttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/503330/description#descriptio