A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing

The opportunity theories of crime regards opportunity as a root cause and focus attention on the crime rather than the criminal. In the practical crime prevention efforts, this theoretical framework paved the way for innovative policing strategies like problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention. Policy makers and practitioners accept the motivated offender as given and gather the efforts to prevent offenders accessing sufficient means and opportunities for a crime to occur. This paper describes the link between opportunity theories of crime and successful crime reduction efforts stemmed from them. It entails problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques. Crime is not evenly distributed. It concentrates differently on places, offenders and persons. This paper then describes the fundamental discussion of crime distribution on hot places, targets, products, offenders and victims. Major works and findings in the field of environmental criminology is presented by describing hot spots and crime distribution, and crime patterns. The paper finally presents an evaluation of these approaches

Implementation Of New Public Service In Policing: The Role Of Citizen Police Academies

The New Public Service encourages involving citizens in decisionmaking process of governing. Community policing approach relies on active community relations and input. Citizen Police Academies (CPA’s) served both purposes. This study discusses the tenets of the New Public Service and evaluates CPA’s impact on citizen satisfaction and attitude toward police. It presents CPA’s and similar programs as an effective tool to increase police citizen interaction and to gain community support

Assessing Hospital Information Systems Processes: A Validation of PRISE Information Systems Success Model in Healthcare

Although there is limited research and evidence base, it is reasonable to expect that high quality information technology is an integral factor in the success of today’s health care sector. However, the health care sector is considered to be low level investor in Information Technology (IT) when compared to other sectors. There are studies that look at the sums spent on health IT as a basis for determining how effective the IT systems are. We support the idea that the effectiveness of IT systems, is not an exact measure and a more systematic approach needs to be taken when evaluating success of an IT system. In this study, we have evaluated an assessment method, which is, “Process Based Information Systems (IS) Effectiveness (PRISE)” based on a novel model of IS effectiveness in the health care sector. The results of our case series provide specific implications concerning the applicability of a general “IS assessment” approach, in the medical context

Examining Gun Control Policy of United States: A Policy Critique

Policies to reduce gun related violence has been one of the focuses of US governments while combatting crime. Although the link between gun ownership and involvement with violent crimes has been problematic due to the nature of crimes committed by guns and individuals who used guns to defend themselves from criminals, the tendency in the US public is to own guns, but in the meantime to control the ownership with an effective background checking system. The debate on the gun control issue is centered on the gun manufacturing market which has a giant pie in the economy, public awareness due to the mass violent acts in the public places, the US culture of owing guns for pleasure and hunting, and finally the assassinations of public leaders and politicians. The recent mass shootings like San Bernardino and Oregon in the US brought public attention to this issue again

Open reduction and percutaneous pinning for medial condyle fractures of elbow in children: is it a risk for complications?

Background: There are limited cases of humerus medial condyle fracture in the literature treated by open reduction and percutaneous pinning. This study presents cases treated by open reduction and percutaneous pinning and discussed the problems reported in the literature.Methods: Nine cases were treated by open reduction and percutaneous pinning between 2006-2014. These cases were followed for nonunion, avascular necrosis, range of motion, nerve lesion and infection for 15.3 months (range 11 to 18 months).Results: No non-union, avascular necrosis, iatrogenic nerve lesion or infection developed in our cases. All patients gained full range of motion.Conclusions: This study presents that surgical technique and early timing of surgery prevents the complications

An Unusual Cause of Right Lower Quadrant Pain: The Caecum Diverticulitis

Purpose. In the study presented, preoperative examinations and surgical methods were discussed along with literature, regarding two cases who were operated with the prediagnosis of acute appendicitis and for whom caecum diverticulitis was determined. Case 1. 21 years old male patient who had applied to hospital with complaint of abdominal pain, underwent an operation with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis. Right hemicolectomy was performed with mass perioperatively determined in caecum. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis and inflammation in diverticulum wall. Case 2. 36 years old female patient applied to emergency department with abdominal pain and underwent an operation with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis. Appendectomy and diverticulectomy were performed for whom inflame diverticula in caecum was determined perioperatively. Histopathological examination was revealed acute inflammation in diverticulum wall. Conclusion. Although solitary caecum diverticulitis is a rarely encountered disease, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of right lower abdomen pain

Phytocontact dermatitis due to Ranunculus arvensis mimicking burn injury: report of three cases and literature review

Ranunculus arvensis (corn buttercup) is a plant species of the genus Ranunculus that is frequently used in the Far East to treat rheumatic diseases and several dermatological disorders. In Turkey, the plant is seen in the eastern and southeastern Anatolian highlands, which are underdeveloped areas of the country. Herein, we report three patients who used Ranunculus arvensis for the treatment of arthralgia and osteoarthritis. A distinctive phytodermatitis developed on the right thumb in one patient (48-year-old male), on the anterior aspect of both knees in another patient (70-year-old female) and all around both knees in a third (59-year-old female). The patients were treated with topical antibiotics and daily wound dressing, and none of them experienced any complications. Ranunculus arvensis was confirmed as the cause of the phytodermatitis in the three cases. Poultices of plants applied to the skin demonstrate beneficial effects on many dermatological and rheumatic diseases; however, they have several adverse effects that should not be ignored. In this study, we also present a review of 25 cases reported in the literature