The Importance of Establishing a New Counterterrorism Unit at Local Level: Combining Different Perspectives in Policing

The number of terrorism related attacks and deaths of innocent people as a result of those terrorist assaults have been increasing. This was despite the huge amount of budget devoted towards fighting against terrorism by the governments. One of the reasons for being insufficient to reduce the number of terrorist attacks is the limited involvement of the local police agencies in the fight against terrorism. Most of them do not have separate terrorism units and are not full-time police officers. Those agencies which have separate units assign only four or less officers. As a result, their ability to get information on terrorism related activities and the level of information sharing with the federal and national agencies is very limited. It is suggested in this paper that each local police agency should establish a separate terrorism unit and assign sufficient number of full-time police officers. These officers and managers should be trained by national experts. Officers in these units should develop mutual trust with different groups that have diverse political and religious backgrounds. A strong relationship and cooperation should also be developed with other local and national agencies. In addition, each local police agency should prepare contingency plans prior to any attack

The Realist and Liberal Positions on the Role of International Organizations in Maintaining World Order

In the international relations (IR)’ theoretical and empirical studies, international regime studies emerged as a reaction to inadequacies of the concepts of authority, international order and organization. Over more than half a century, realism has been skeptical of international law. In both classical and neorealist approaches, states are depicted as seeking to maximize power and producing a balance of power. This study examines two paradigms, realism and liberalism, in an attempt to take a closer look at what each of these schools has to offer to the international relations. To be able to carry out such an evaluation each of these paradigms will be analyzed with respect to their positions on the following principles: unit of analysis, key concepts, behavioral dynamics, interstate system, peace and war, and last but not least explanatory power. Discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each of these paradigms will help in determining which of these approaches is the most persuasive

Rare cause of intestinal obstruction, Ascaris lumbricoides infestation: two case reports

Ascaris lumbricoides is common resident of intestine especially low socioeconomic areas in the world. Complication of Ascaris lumbricoides has been reported include obstruction of the small intestine, intestinal volvulus and intussusception. We report two children with severe sequelae of intestinal obstruction

Unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction: giant gastric trichobezoar: a case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Delayed diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia may cause colonic perforation: a case report

Early diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture after traumas may be difficult, and delayed diagnosis may result in increased morbidity and mortality. This paper describes the case of a 32-year-old man who experienced a traffic accident and had diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia nearly four months later. The patient was referred to our emergency room suffering from ileus symptoms. Physical examination demonstrated an apparent abdominal distention, tenderness at the upper abdominal quadrants, rebound, and defense. Thoraco-abdominal X-rays and computerized tomography imaging demonstrated intestinal segments with air-fluid levels in thorax. Laparotomy was performed after a preoperative diagnosis of a strangulated-diaphragmatic hernia. At abdominal exploration, it was found that transverse colon and omentum entered into thorax through diaphragmatic defect located at the left diaphragm. Herniating colon segment was complicated with ischemic necrosis and perforation. In conclusion, colon necrosis and perforation may develop when early diagnosis of diaphragmatic ruptures are missed

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF FEMALE SEX WORKERS TOWARDS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN TURKEY

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and awareness of female sex workers (FSWs) about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Turkey

CLASSIFICATION OF SENSITIVE AND LESS SENSITIVE AREAS ALONG THE AEGEAN COASTAL AREAS OF TURKEY

In the last few decades, due to an enormous increase in urbanization, industrialization and tourism activities, the risk of eutrophication has been gradually gaining more significance, especially for the closed and semi-closed bays in Turkey

Incidence of Thyroid Dysfunction and Thyroid Cancer in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience

Background. The prevalence of thyroid cancer in renal transplant population has not been widely studied, and there is no consensus on the management of thyroid cancer in transplant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in thyroid hormone levels and investigate the incidence of the thyroid cancer after renal transplantation. Materials and methods. From October 1989 to April 2007, 122 renal allograft recipients that were being followed underwent thyroid ultrasonography to determine nodules together with thyroid hormone levels. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed to the nodules > 10 mm or those with 8-10 mm diameter but with calcifications. Results. One hundred and eight patients (88.5%) had normal thyroid function. None of the patients had overt hypothyroidism, 2 had subclinical hypothyroidism, 10 subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and 2 low T3 syndrome. Mean thyroid volume was 14.2 +/- 7.2 ml. In all, 91.8% was diagnosed with goiter (n = 112). Seventy-two thyroid nodules were detected in 49 kidney allograft recipients (single nodule in 30, multiple in 19 patients). Eighty-four biopsy samples were reported as benign (n = 21, 87.5%), 8 as suspicious (n = 2, 8.3%), and 4 as inadequate (n = 1, 4.1%). After surgery, one of the patients (0.8%) with suspicious FNAB was reported as papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion. Because of the high incidence of thyroid dysfunction in transplant patients, screening of thyroid function should be a part of follow-up. Our results suggest that although frequency of nodules is increased in kidney transplant patients, prevalence of thyroid cancer is slightly, but not significantly, higher than that of the normal population.</

Frequency of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Stage I and II Sarcoidosis Subjects Who Had No Corticosteroid Therapy

OBJECTIVES: The number of studies on the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in subjects with sarcoidosis is low. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency and predictors of OSA in subjects with clinically stable stage I and II sarcoidosis who were not taking corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive drugs. We also evaluated restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS)